1897 ZAR shilling Better circulated example, good detail mintage 397,300 Composition Silver (.925) Weight 5.65 g Diameter 23.7 mm Thickness 1.82 mm Shape Round Orientation Medal alignment ↑↑ Obverse Bearded bust of President Johannes Paulus Kruger left. Lettering: (uninscribed) Engraver: Otto Schultz Reverse Central denomination above date within olive wreath, legend above. Lettering: Z. AFRIK. REP. 1 SHILLING 1897 Translation: Z. AFRIK. Rep = Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek = South African Republic Engraver: Otto Schultz Edge Reeded Johannes Paulus Kruger (1825-1904) was a prominent Boer leader against British rule and president of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republic (1883-1902) which later became the Transvaal Colony under British rule and then the Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa.

The second Anglo-Boer War, also called the South African War, started on 11 October 1899. Two young Boer republics were pitted against the might of the

Nelson Mandela has died after a long life—long yet lamentably truncated in that he spent twenty-seven of the best years of his manhood incarcerated at the pleasure of the state.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, recipient of a Nobel Prize for Peace, was the first democratically elected president of the Republic of South Africa. He will be remembered with love, gratitude and deep respect. His contribution to South Africa's democracy will not be forgotten and his legacy will live on in the hearts of South Africans, and the people of the world, forever. Tata, we salute you!

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This book examines US interventions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda -- two countries whose post-independence histories are inseparable. It analyzes the US campaigns to prevent Patrice Lumumba from turning the DR Congo into a sovereign, democratic, prosperous republic on a continent where America's ally apartheid South Africa was hegemonic; America's installation of and support for Mobutu to keep the region under neo-colonial control; and America's pre-emption of the Africa-wide movement for multiparty democracy in Rwanda and Zaire in the 1990s by supporting Paul Kagame's Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). In addition, the book discusses the concepts of African development, democracy, genocide, foreign policy, and international politics.

For the first time, this book examines the strategies of leaders of emerging nations to use sport as a tool for reaching social, economic, cultural, political, technological or environmental goals and gaining international prestige. It assesses whether sport can really be an effective tool in international development. The book explores the unique challenges, issues and opportunities offered by sport for development in emerging nations. Bringing together case studies of sport and development in countries including Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, Qatar, South Africa, South Korea and Turkey, the book looks at policies designed to achieve development through, by and for sport, and whether they have achieved their socio-economic objectives. It considers the way that emerging nations have used major international sports events as political and developmental projects, as well as the importance of sporting infrastructure, professional leagues, participation programmes and the influence of nationalism and ideology. With a truly global perspective, this book is important reading for any student, researcher or policy-maker with interest in sport management, sport development, development studies, international economics, globalisation or political science. | Author: Tinaz, Brendon Knott | Publisher: Routledge | Publication Date: Jan 09, 2023 | Number of Pages: 242 pages | Language: English | Binding: Paperback | ISBN-10: 0367757834 | ISBN-13: 9780367757830

1895 ZAR Republic of South Africa silver Sixpence coin better example, this one has a ring on the surface both obverse & reverse, now I see this on a lot of ZAR silver coins, very common and its the only range of coins is see it on, I believe its something to do with the production method for the South Africa mint at this time. Mintage 220,000 Composition Silver (.925) Weight 2.83 g Diameter 19.35 mm Thickness 1.32 mm Shape Round Orientation Medal alignment ↑↑ Obverse Bearded bust of President Johannes Paulus Kruger left. Lettering: (uninscribed) Engraver: Otto Schultz Reverse Central denomination dividing date within olive wreath, legend above. Lettering: Z.A.R 18 6 97 Translation: Z.A.R = Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek = South African Republic Engraver: Otto Schultz Edge Reeded Comments Johannes Paulus Kruger (1825-1904) was a prominent Boer leader against British rule and president of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republic (1883-1902) which later became the Transvaal Colony under British rule and then the Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa.

Nelson Mandela served 27 years in prison for fighting against the South Africa’s discriminatory apartheid system.

Former ANC and South African President Nelson Mandela, turned 91 on July 18, 2009.

The Democratic Republic of Congo has the third largest urban population in sub-Saharan Africa (estimated at 43% in 2016) after South Africa and Nigeria. It is expected to grow at a rate of 4.1% per year, which corresponds to an additional 1 million residents moving to cities every year. If this trend continues, the urban population could double in just 15 years. Thus, with a population of 12 million and a growth rate of 5.1% per year, Kinshasa is poised to become the most populous city in Africa by 2030. Such strong urban growth comes with two main challenges - the need to make cities livable and inclusive by meeting the high demand for social services, infrastructure, education, health, and other basic services; and the need to make cities more productive by addressing the lack of concentrated economic activity. The Urbanization Review of the Democratic Republic of Congo argues that the country is urbanizing at different rates and identifies five regions (East, South, Central, West and Congo Basin) that present specific challenges and opportunities. The Urbanization Review proposes policy options based on three sets of instruments, known as the three 'I's - Institutions, Infrastructures and Interventions - to help each region respond to its specific needs while reaping the benefits of economic agglomeration The Democratic Republic of the Congo is at a crossroads. The recent decline in commodity prices could constitute an opportunity for the country to diversify its economy and invest in the manufacturing sector. Now is an opportune time for Congolese decision-makers to invest in cities that can lead the country's structural transformation and facilitate greater integration with African and global markets. Such action would position the country well on the path to emergence.

This omnibus edition brings together concise and up-to-date biographies of Steve Biko, Emperor Haile Selassie, Patrice Lumumba, and Thomas Sankara. African Leaders of the Twentieth Century will complement courses in history and political science and serve as a useful collection for the general reader. | Author: Lindy Wilson, Bereket Habte Selassie, Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja, Ernest Harsch | Publisher: Ohio University Press | Publication Date: Feb 17, 2015 | Number of Pages: 624 pages | Language: English | Binding: Paperback | ISBN-10: 0821421611 | ISBN-13: 9780821421611

In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), fighting continues among various rebel armies, tribes, the Congolese army and U.N. forces. The dire situation has prompted the government of DR Congo to ask for help, and invite the armies of neighboring South Sudan, Rwanda and Uganda to enter their territory on several joint operations, to hunt down and pacify or dismantle at least two major rebel armies operating in the lawless border region. Rebel leader Laurent Nkunda was captured in January by Rwandan forces, but his army is still active - and Ugandan troops are seeking out the rebel Ugandan Lord's Resistance Army, which has taken refuge in eastern DR Congo. Once more, caught in all of this are the local civilians, terrorized by fleeing and advancing troops of all kinds. Reuters photographer Finbarr O'Reilly has been traveling through the area, capturing some amazing photographs of the people involved.

Concentration camps are usually linked to WWII and the horrors of the Holocaust. However, they were around long before this and were used by many other

BRICS leaders said the multilateral trading system is facing unprecedented challenges and urged countries to keep the world economy open

Biography Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma, addressed professionally as Jacob Zuma, reigned as president of South Africa from 2009 till his resignation…

The Mail & Guardian is a quality investigative and comment news publication, based on a culture of editorial independence and excellence.

In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), fighting continues among various rebel armies, tribes, the Congolese army and U.N. forces. The dire situation has prompted the government of DR Congo to ask for help, and invite the armies of neighboring South Sudan, Rwanda and Uganda to enter their territory on several joint operations, to hunt down and pacify or dismantle at least two major rebel armies operating in the lawless border region. Rebel leader Laurent Nkunda was captured in January by Rwandan forces, but his army is still active - and Ugandan troops are seeking out the rebel Ugandan Lord's Resistance Army, which has taken refuge in eastern DR Congo. Once more, caught in all of this are the local civilians, terrorized by fleeing and advancing troops of all kinds. Reuters photographer Finbarr O'Reilly has been traveling through the area, capturing some amazing photographs of the people involved.

1895 ZAR Republic of South Africa silver threepence coin Good circulated example Mintage 112 960 value 3 Pence = 1/4 Shilling (1/80) Currency Z.A.R. Pond (1874-1902) Composition Silver (.925) Weight 1.41 g Diameter 16.3 mm Thickness 1.04 mm Shape Round Orientation Medal alignment ↑↑ Obverse Bearded bust of President Johannes Paulus Kruger left. Lettering: (uninscribed) Engraver: Otto Schultz Reverse Central denomination dividing date within olive wreath, legend above. Lettering: Z.A.R 18 3 95 Engraver: Otto Schultz Edge Plain Comments Johannes Paulus Kruger (1825-1904) was a prominent Boer leader against British rule and president of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republic (1883-1902) which later became the Transvaal Colony under British rule and then the Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa.

Al Yah Satellite Communications Company, the UAE’s flagship satellite solutions provider (ADX: YAHSAT), has received the prestigious "AA" Leader Rating on the

Pictures of the life of anti-apartheid hero Nelson Mandela.