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After nearly 40 years of welcoming the world through its gates, the private garden of Piet and Anja Oudolf at Hummelo will close to the public for good at the end of this month.For all lovers of this most quintessential garden that galvanized an entire movement in naturalistic planting design, the news cuts deep.Word of its closing has spread like wildfire-weed amongst garden folk and it’s inspired a kind of spontaneous pilgrimage of people visiting Kwekerij Oudolf one last time.
Susan La Flesche shattered not just one barrier, but two, to become the first Native American woman doctor in the United States in the 1880s.
Goingsnake Massacre - Whitmire community, Adair county, OK
In Native American history, there are many legends about UFOs, gods and aliens. There has always been a connection between Native Americans and beings from other parts of the universe, referred to as Star People. Perhaps due to familiarity with celestial fixtures, it has been easier for Native Americans to relate events they have experienced on earth with things such as the formation of the Pleiades. The experience of tribal individuals with the Pleiades is featured quite proximately in legends
![Woodland Indian Educational Programs - CELEBRATING WOODLAND INDIGENOUS WOMEN’S RIGHTS to PROPERTY during WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH: In the late 18th century, two great examples of Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) women’s ownership of land and the right to sell were recorded – these historic events included the presence of famous leaders Cornplanter and Red Jacket, supporting the conclusions of the women’s councils: Haudenosaunee women to Col. Proctor in 1791: “…you ought to hear and listen to what we, women, shall speak, as well as the sachems; for we are the owners of this land – and it is ours. It is we that plant it for our and their use. Hear us, therefore, for we speak of things that concern us and our children, and you must not think hard of us while our men shall say more to you; for we have told them.” Red Jacket “…was made spokesman for the woman, and in that capacity was obliged to yield to demands which he previously bitterly opposed.” It was no matter that Red Jacket’s position contrasted to the women’s council – as their spokesman, he was obliged to put away his feelings in order to present a the conclusion the women’s council came to, whether he agreed or not. “This he did in the following emphatic language: “Now, listen, Brother: you know what we have been doing so long, and what trouble we have been at; and you know it has been at the request of our head warrior (Cornplanter) that we are left to answer for our women, who are to conclude what ought to be done by both sachems and warriors. So hear what is their conclusion.” In 1797, the Haudenosaunee women’s council were “…said to have fallen back on their reserved rights and in conjunction with the warriors, to have obliged the chiefs to reopen a council that had been declared closed, and to make a sale of lands upon terms which had been previously rejected. Upon this occasion, Cornplanter seems to have been selected as their [the women’s council and warrior’s council] spokesman, for in reopening the deliberations, he said, among other things, “that the women and warriors had seen with regret the misconduct of their sachems;” and a chief “was constrained to admit that the course of the women and warriors, in thus nullifying the proceedings of a council, “was in perfect accordance with their customs.” “These two instances – in one which the women assert, without contradiction, that they owned the land, and in the other they take the negotiation out of the hands of a council, and in conjunction with the warriors, oblige the chiefs against their wishes, actually to sell a part of that land” justifies “us in concluding that, either wholly or in part, the land belonged to the women.” And it wasn’t just Iroquoian women who controlled land use. Among their Algonquian neighbors many women made their marks on land deeds, especially in the 1600’s. Mamanuchqua, an Esopus (Munsee-Delaware) female sachem, participated (with four other sachems) in selling land in the Catskills region (New York). And her daughter Dostou sold land around present day High Falls (New York). Notike, a Lenape/Delaware “woman-of-authority” sold land to the New Swedish colony (of northern Delaware/southern New Jersey). If not a sachem herself, she was likely the woman who carried the bloodline the sachemship passed through. She (and her kin) successfully defended her authority when the land she sold came into question between the Dutch, Swedish, and a Lenape man claiming sachemship and authority over the tract Notike sold (while possibly defending her right to name the next sachem, which wasn’t him). Further east, four Pocumtuck women (of western Massachusetts) were noted to have sold land to the English. (More examples exist.) As many are aware of, not all land “sales” were elective transactions. Indian Land was all too often relinquished under extreme duress. Under threat of attack, the female Wampanoag sachem Awashonks signed over her landholdings to Plymouth (Plymouth was extremely land hungry in the mid-1600’s, slapping fines on their Native neighbors in pursuit of land for payment). It’s certain that many Indigenous Peoples may have had differing views of land ownership than that of Anglos, but they still had aboriginal practices of land ownership under their cultural definitions. Nations had territories that were protected from (excluded their) enemies, hunting tracts that were passed down from father to son or uncle to nephew, and maple sugar groves that were passed down from mother to daughter. Native People claimed land, or the right-of-use it in common or exclusively. The myth that “Native Americans didn’t believe in owning land” was (and still is) an oversimplification, perpetuated in “justifying” the unlawful taking of lands that in fact were claimed by Native Peoples. It’s also worth noting that Western-Christianity held righteous a man’s land claim through the noble occupation of farming… When lands were chopped clear and plowed under, he exercised his place in the hierarchy of a Christian universe. If Native farmers also did such righteous work, then they too must have stood on level ground, equally at least in this way to Anglo men by a Western rationality. But then they’d have to admit that Indigenous farmers rightfully owned their land (by Western standards). President Theodore Roosevelt knew better but still wrote that Native Peoples, including the Eastern Woodland Peoples, did not till (farm) the land or clear trees for building their homes and farms. (But they did.) Thus Native horticulture, which produced more than half the foods for many if not most Eastern Native Peoples (including the Haudenosaunee/Iroquois, Mahican, Wyandot/Huron, Lenape/Delaware, Myaamia/Miami, Cherokee, Muskogee/Creek and many more), was likely downplayed because growing crops proved a Native tie to the land defendable by Western and Christian standards… If they admitted the Indigenous Peoples were farmers, then they admitted they illegally took land from their rightful owners. Furthermore there still existed the issue of Euro-Americans non-acceptance of Native women as free-person farmers (not “slaves” in the field, as was sometimes written), failing to acknowledge female-controlled farming and female ownership of the fields and produce. Generally in Anglo society, married women couldn't actually own anything of value as it was truly owned” by her husband (or father, if she hadn’t been married yet), and therefore Native female farmers were not likened to White male farmers - those men who had the “God-given right” to land. Denial of Indigenous land-rights, property customs, and women’s autonomy and occupations (farmers) served only to “justify” the colonization of Indian Lands. ------------------------------ Quotes from “On the Social and Political Position of Woman Among the Huron-Iroquois Tribes by Lucien Carr (in Iroquois Women: An Anthology) Like Woodland Indian Educational Programs to see all related Eastern Native Women's History posts on your newsfeed this month (and visit our page wall to see the ones you missed](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/9f/3f/36/9f3f36948bb1196d992f78de74c45964.jpg)
CELEBRATING WOODLAND INDIGENOUS WOMEN’S RIGHTS to PROPERTY during WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH: In the late 18th century, two great examples of Haudenosaunee...
Tar-loo, Kiowa; CDV. Almost certainly a Soule. Var: Lone Bear; Tahlo.
The Assyrian people, also known as Syriacs, are an ethnic population native to the Middle East. They are predominantly Christian and claim heritage from Assyria, originating from 2500 BC in ancient Mesopotamia. Discover 10 things to know about the Assyrian history, culture, and faith.
Native Bar with Native People Ceylon #028 « Back | ^ | Next » Native Bar with Native People, Ceylon c. 1905 Publisher: Adolphus William Andrée. (A.W. Andrée.) C
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There are many teachings and practices in our tribal cultures that are significant to who we are as Native people. One of many things important to our cultural identity is, our hair. Our hair is considered sacred and significant to who we are as an individual, family, and community. In many tribes, it is believed that
Do you have a hard time finding different ways to describe beautiful and attractive things, experiences, and people? How do you imagine somebody who is cute, gorgeous, or good-looking, and how do native speakers experience these words? There are so many synonyms for beautiful that mean more or less the same thing, but not exactly.…
The Ghost of Kyiv is the nickname of a retired pilot who took the helm of the plane to protect the sky over his native Kiev. Show your support for Ukraine and all Ukrainian people. Express your attitude in the war of the Ukrainian people against Russian aggression. Use all possible ways: stickers, magnets, t-shirts, images on things like cups, phone cases, mousepads, bags, gifts
Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) has been used by many people for many things over the years. Native Americans used it to treat cancer, rheumatism, itching, and syphilis. They also ate young pokeweed shoots, which contain very low levels of toxins compared to the rest of the plant (and they boiled them several times). At one time,…
Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in Overland Journal, Fall 2017. When most people envision New Mexico, they picture the outlines of rocky plateaus, desert sunsets, and Native American culture. It’s understandable, as you can certainly find these things in abundance throughout the state, but there is also something more: the Continental Divide. Drivers...
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Set of native africans. Vector. This artworks can be used by souvenirs shop, web design, graphic design, restaurant, blog, or other designs. You will receive: 1
