You will be working with many pathogenic species of bacteria in the laboratory. Remember that bacteria are in the air as well as on the skin, the counter, and all objects and equipment that have not been sterilized. The most important tool for transferring cultures is the wire inoculating needle or loop. It can be quickly sterilized by heating it to red hot in a Bunsen burner flame.
Differences Between Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Gram-Positive Bacteria vs Gram-Negative Bacteria. Gram + and Gram -ve Bacteria differnces.
Instruments used in Microbiology Laboratory with Principle and Uses. These are the common instruments and equipment used in microbiology lab.
Classification of viruses on the basis of genome. Viral nomenclature has used a variety of virion features. Effort to classify viruses
Classification of viruses on the basis of genome. Viral nomenclature has used a variety of virion features. Effort to classify viruses
The complement pathways is a part of the innate immune system and consists of a series of proteins that interact with one another.
Differences between antigen and antibody. Antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to antigens (perceived as foreign).
Good morning everyone~ 7days to go for our practical exam, since not everyone turn up for today's microbiology lab session, i think is alway...
ELISA, short for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, is a widely used laboratory technique that detects and measures the presence of specific antibodies or antigens in a sample. It involves the binding of target molecules (antibodies or antigens) to a solid surface, followed by the addition of enzymes or fluorescent markers to generate a detectable signal. ELISA is commonly employed in medical diagnostics, research, and various fields of science to identify and quantify substances of interest, such as proteins, hormones, viruses, and bacteria.
Blood clotting, or coagulation, is a complex process that helps us survive when we're injured. Fibrin threads trap blood cells and stop blood loss.
Complement System The complement system, specifically through the actions of proteins C3a and C3b, destroys microbes. – Comprises inactive proteins that circulate in the blood; of these proteins, the products of C3 cleavage (C3a and C3b) have multifold functions. • Three pathways lead to C3 cleavage: – In the classical pathway, C1 is "fixed" to antibody-antigen complexes, which initiates a cascade of events that lead to C3 cleavage. – The alternative pathway is triggered by spontaneously activated C3b. – The lectin pathway is triggered when lectins, such as, mannose-binding lectin, binds microbial sugars and marks them for phagocytosis. • Effects of cleaved C3: – C3a has pro-inflammatory effects; it recruits neutrophils and macrophages. – C3b opsonizes microbes, which involves binding to pathogens and marking them for phagocytosis. – Membrane Attack Complexes (MAC): C3b combines with other complement proteins (C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9) to form a pore in the membrane of the microbe; massive water influx through the MAC lyses the microbe.
Modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test method is a reference method to test the susceptibility of a bacterial isolate in a clinical laboratory.
