In an interview with the BBC, Ruth Winkelmann described the terror of living through the infamous Kristallnacht or Night of the Broken Glass, when the

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Their homes, shops and synagogues torched - it was the night Hitler launched his genocidal war on the Jews. On the 70th anniversary of Kristallnacht, one survivor who fled to Britain recalls the most terrifying hours of her life.

While accounts of the 1938 pogrom have focused largely on the ravaging of synagogues and stores, the attacks on houses destroyed the last refuge for Jews amid rising discrimination

Germany gathered to remember the ‘Night of Broken Glass’ as antisemitic incidents have risen across the country after Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack on Israel

This resource for teaching the Holocaust features an excellent, short reading about Kristallnacht. The 1-page article explains all of the relevant information students should know about "the night of broken glass" including why and how it began, key events, and the impact of it.Following the reading...

“This week is the 80th anniversary of the night of violence commonly known as ‘Kristallnacht’, but also known as the ‘Novemberpogrome’ or the ‘Reichspogromnacht’. It was fueled and enabled by a (mostly) democratically elected government. Here’s what you need to know. THREAD /1”

Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, was a destructive riot targeting Jews throughout Nazi Germany on November 9-10, 1938 carried out by the Sturmabteilung paramilitary of the Nazi party and the German citizens. Jewish homes, hospitals, cemeteries, and schools, were pillaged, and attackers took sledgehammers to the buildings and destroyed…

Overlevenden van de Holocaust

Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, was a destructive riot targeting Jews throughout Nazi Germany on November 9-10, 1938 carried out by the Sturmabteilung paramilitary of the Nazi party and the German citizens. Jewish homes, hospitals, cemeteries, and schools, were pillaged, and attackers took sledgehammers to the buildings and destroyed…

Newly found 1946 image seems to show Herschel Grynszpan, previously thought to have died during second world war

Hedy Wachenheimer cycled down Adolf-Hitler-Strasse on her way to school. It was a bitterly cold morning. The whitewashed two-story brick houses on either side of the road were shrouded in predawn…

These are the amazing images which show what life was like in Nazi Germany, where the youth of the nation were indoctrinated into Adolf Hitler's evil philosophy to create his 1,000 year Reich.

Eight decades on, the thought of the state encouraging people to attack groups of citizens is hard to believe. Here are some books that might help.

JERUSALEM (AP) — Harrowing, previously unseen images from 1938′s Kristallnacht pogrom against German and Austrian Jews have surfaced in a photograph collection donated to Israel’s Yad Vashem memorial, the organization said Wednesday. One shows a crowd of smiling, well-dressed middle-aged German men and women standing casually as...

Newly found 1946 image seems to show Herschel Grynszpan, previously thought to have died during second world war

Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, was a destructive riot targeting Jews throughout Nazi Germany on November 9-10, 1938 carried out by the Sturmabteilung paramilitary of the Nazi party and the German citizens. Jewish homes, hospitals, cemeteries, and schools, were pillaged, and attackers took sledgehammers to the buildings and destroyed…

The word, which means "night of broken glass" in German, "has a pretty sound," said a journalist who has studied Nazi-era terms.

Mobs attacked 7,500 Jewish-owned stores and businesses and killed 96 people.

[Photo] The Synagogue of Siegen, Germany in flames during Kristallnacht, 9-10 Nov 1938

Images released by Israeli Holocaust memorial show Hitler’s regime clearly orchestrating 1938 atrocity

In an interview with the BBC, Ruth Winkelmann described the terror of living through the infamous Kristallnacht or Night of the Broken Glass, when the

Teaching Students about KristallnachtWe are clearly living in turbulent times. ADL regularly reports a rise in antisemitic incidents, both here and abroad, and the proliferation of right-wing populist governments continues to be cause for concern. And against the backdrop of increasingly partisan rhetoric in this country as elsewhere, it is incumbent upon teachers to educate our students about the Holocaust and to show them what happens when hateful racist ideology takes hold of governments and even entire societies until only widescale force applied can bring an end to the madness.At such a moment, it is sobering to teach about Kristallnacht because, in retrospect, we can clearly see the two-day pogrom as a watershed moment, a three-week period when physical attacks upon Jewish lives and property in Nazi Germany were front page news in this country. But, when international outrage and condemnation resulted in no real consequence to the German State, the Nazi leadership interpreted this inaction as a green light to pursue their anti-Jewish agenda.To those of us aware of this history, the need to push back against antisemitic, racist, homophobic, and or misogynistic rhetoric and policy is fueled both by moral outrage and by the need to protect against an analogous tipping point in our own times. A storefront in the aftermath of Kristallnacht Learning about Kristallnacht through Primary SourcesIt wasn’t long after I started teaching Holocaust literature that I found Echoes & Reflections, or rather Echoes & Reflections found me. I attended several of their workshops and seminars at the Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center, and I immediately gravitated to their philosophical approach to the subject matter and to their focus on the individual story. Among their many lesson plans is one about the November Pogrom.The facts of Kristallnacht on November 9 and 10, 1938, are well known. “From the time the Nazis came to power in 1933 they began isolating Jews in Germany, and passed many laws to that effect. In the first half of 1938, additional laws were passed in Germany restricting German economic activity and educational opportunities…Later that year, 17,000 Jews of Polish citizenship were arrested and relocated across the Polish border. The Polish government refused to admit them so they were interned in relocation camps on the Polish frontier. Among the many deportees were the parents of seventeen-year-old Herschel Grynszpan, who was living with an uncle in Paris at the time. Outraged by the Nazis’ treatment of his family, he went to the German Embassy in Paris intending to assassinate the German ambassador there but instead killed Ernst vom Rath, a lesser figure in the diplomatic hierarchy. When vom Rath died two days later from his wounds, the Nazis used his death as a pretext to launch attacks on Jewish synagogues, homes, and businesses throughout Germany.What is interesting and significant about these events from a teaching perspective, is that we have documents related to the attack which make it perfectly clear to our students that the Nazis planned every aspect of the events over that two- day period. For example, Echoes & Reflections materials include a copy of Heydrich’s Instructions to “All Headquarters and Stations of the State Police and “All districts and sub districts of the SD (the Sicherheitsdienst or Secret Police).”Asking students to examine this document and report their findings to their peers allows them to see for themselves the extent of Nazi cynicism and corruption with respect to the rule of law and of human decency. For example, the police were instructed that “only such measures are to be taken as do not endanger German lives or property (i.e. synagogues are to be burned down only where there is no danger of fire in neighboring buildings).” Passersby observing the aftermath of the pogroms As a teacher, I find it imperative that students be guided to discover the truths of these documents for themselves by way of careful questions. For example, you can ask them what instructions they would give to their district commanders were they the officers in charge of managing a demonstration in their home city or community. More poignantly, you can ask them what they think Heydrich is saying when he draws a distinction between German and Jewish property. Finally, you can ask them to think about the international situation in 1938 and the reason Heydrich cautions that “Foreign citizens, even if they are Jews, are not to be touched."It is both exhilarating and sobering to teach this material to young people. Hearing their outrage and their determination to never let this happen again gives one hope for a better world. And yet, it is sobering to lead these students inevitably towards the later events of the Holocaust and towards the realization that fellow human beings are capable of such atrocities.This summer I spent three weeks immersed in Holocaust studies in Israel at Yad Vashem. I now know more about the events of the Nazi era than ever before and paradoxically, the more I know about those years and those events, the harder it becomes to teach this history. It breaks my heart to have to tell these wonderful young people how ugly the human heart can be.And yet, even the student who most hated to hear what happened, wrote of the Holocaust unit last year that he “needed to hear it” and that “only by learning this can we make sure such things can never happen again.”Kristallnacht Questions to Engage Students in HistoryAt the end of this year’s lesson on Kristallnacht, I gave my students a new homework assignment. I asked them three questions about those events: Does it make a difference how we label those events, calling them either Kristallnacht or The November Pogrom? In what way(s) is your answer complicated by the fact the Nazis called it Kristallnacht and the Jews called it the November Pogrom? Who has the right to label the event: the perpetrators; the victims; or a third party such as a historian? With few exceptions, my students are able to discuss the importance of the name and to connect the events of November 1938 to the long history of antisemitism that continues to this day. Their outrage gives me hope that teaching a rigorous Holocaust program in schools may help build a bulwark against the tide of hateful rhetoric permeating so much of the world today.About the author: Originally from London, England, Dr. Susan Schinleber taught Cultural and Business and Communication at New York University before moving to Chicago with her young family. After teaching in several area universities, she moved to North Shore Country Day School in Winnetka, IL, where she teaches English, Public Speaking, and Holocaust Studies.

Millions of Jews were rounded up and shipped off to die as the Nazi regime which came to power 80 years ago in Germany - set about the systematic 'cleansing' of the country. But many children escaped.

A witness to the violent Nazi attacks carried out during Kristallnacht says the events of that night are still "seared" into her brain 85 years on....

Photos from 1938, released by memorial centre Yad Vashem, show Nazis attacking Jewish targets.

The second book in his acclaimed trilogy on the rise and fall of Nazi Germany, Richard J. Evans' The Third Reich in Power: How the Nazis Won Over the Hearts and Minds of a Nation explores how Hitler turned Germany from a vibrant democracy into a one-party state. Before Hitler seized power in 1933, Germany had been famous for its sophistication and complexity. So how was it possible for a group of ideological obsessives to re-mould it into a one-party state directed at war and race hate? How did the Nazis win over the hearts and minds of Germany's citizens, twist science, religion and culture, and transform the country's politics to achieve total dominance so quickly? From the Nuremberg Laws to the Olympic Games, Kristallnacht to the Hitler Youth, this gripping account shows how a whole population became enmeshed in a dictatorship that was consumed by hatred and driven by war. 'Impressive ... perceptive ... humane' Ian Kershaw 'Excellent ... powerful ... it makes an indelible impression' Robert Service, Sunday Times 'Likely to be the standard work for some years to come' Spectator Books of the Year 'A rich and detailed description of just what the Third Reich did in every compartment of the state and every corner of society ... Evans's magisterial study should be on our shelves for a long time to come' Economist 'Written with great style and human sympathy' Daily Telegraph Books of the Year 'Evans brilliantly conveys how the Fuhrer reignited Germans' pride as he led them to catastrophe' Neal Ascherson, Observer Sir Richard J. Evans is Professor of Modern History at Cambridge University. His previous books include In Defence of History, Telling Lies about Hitler and the companions to this title, The Coming of the Third Reich and The Third Reich at War.

Two weeks after Kristallnacht, pollsters asked Americans if they should change their immigration policy to allow more Jews, who were fleeing mass incarceration, starvation and death, to immigrate to the U.S. 72% answered "No."

On the night of November 9-10, 1938, a progrom known as Kristallnacht rampaged, with synagogues burned, shops destroyed, and Jews beaten.

Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, was a destructive riot targeting Jews throughout Nazi Germany on November 9-10, 1938 carried out by the Sturmabteilung paramilitary of the Nazi party and the German citizens. Jewish homes, hospitals, cemeteries, and schools, were pillaged, and attackers took sledgehammers to the buildings and destroyed…

This resource for teaching the Holocaust features an excellent, short reading about Kristallnacht. The 1-page article explains all of the relevant information students should know about "the night of broken glass" including why and how it began, key events, and the impact of it.Following the reading...

Synagoge | Architektur-ISG | Kunst und Kultur im Austria-Forum

Here are five books about the Holocaust to read on the 80th anniversary of Kristallnacht involving the attack on Jews and Jewish communities.

Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, was a destructive riot targeting Jews throughout Nazi Germany on November 9-10, 1938 carried out by the Sturmabteilung paramilitary of the Nazi party and the German citizens. Jewish homes, hospitals, cemeteries, and schools, were pillaged, and attackers took sledgehammers to the buildings and destroyed…