An existing Victorian terrace property in the London Borough of Lambeth was renovated to include an internal refurbishment and extension at ground floor. The proposal creates a light and spacious living space to provide a better link with their garden and other living spaces.

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Costume Construction and Design by Samantha Reckford

A bridge too far The ceremony dates back to a indiscretion undertaken by Sir Robert Knollys who in the 14th century owned a property on Seething Lane. I say he, it was really his wife Lady Constance (make of that what you wish) for he was off fighting the French alongside John of Gaunt! Legend…

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Guest article by Karlie aka History GalLettice Knollys’ flirtation and subsequent marriage to Queen Elizabeth’s favorite, Robert Dudley, saw her banished from

Lettice Knollys, Countess of Essex - Lord Derby

ca. 1618-1620 Elizabeth Knollys, née Howard (1586–1658), Viscountess Wallingford, later Countess of Banbury attributed to Daniel Mytens (Kenwood - Hampstead, London, UK). From artuk.org; fixed the upper edge with Photoshop and filled in shadows to bring out the drapery of her veil and dress.

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Artist/maker unknown, English

Born: 1511 Treasurer of the Royal Household Died: 19th July 1596 at Rotherfield Greys, Oxfordshire Sir Francis was elder son of Robert Knollys, Usher of the Royal Chamber, and his wife, Katherine daughter of Sir Thomas Peniston. The family is said to have been descended from Sir Robert Knollys the famous soldier (d.1407), but the proofs are wanting and the pedigree cannot be authentically traced beyond Sir Thomas Knollys, Lord Mayor of London in 1399 and 1410, from whom Sir Francis was fifth in descent. Born about 1511, a few years before his father was given the manor of Rotherfield Greys in Oxfordshire for an annual rental of a single red rose, Francis was largely raised under the auspices of his mother, since his father died when he was only seven. Katherine Knollys soon remarried to Sir Robert Lee of Burston in Buckinhamshire, producing a number of half-siblings. Sir Robert died in 1537 and she then became the second wife of Sir Thomas Tresham of Rushton in Northamptonshire. Francis appears to have received some education at Oxford, but an old assertion that he was for a time a member of Magdalen College is unconfirmed. Henry VIII extended to Francis Knollys the favour that he had shown to his father and, in 1538, secured for him his the estate of Rotherfield Greys. Acts of Parliament in 1541 and in 1546 attested to this grant, in the second act making his wife joint-tenant with him. At the same time, Francis became one of the gentlemen-pensioners at court and, in 1539, attended Anne of Cleves on her arrival in England. In 1542, he entered the House of Commons for the first time as member for Horsham. At the beginning of Edward VI's reign, he accompanied the English army to Scotland and was knighted by the Commander-in-Chief, the Duke of Somerset, at the camp at Roxburgh on 28th September 1547. Knollys' strong protestant convictions recommended him to the young king and to his sister, the Princess Elizabeth; and he spent much time at court, taking a prominent part, not only in tournaments there, but also in religious discussion. On 25th November 1551, he was present at Sir William Cecil's house, at a conference between Catholics and Protestants respecting the corporeal presence in the Sacrament. About the same date, he was granted the manors of Caversham in Oxfordshire and Cholsey in Berkshire, and Jocelyn Palmer - subsequently a Protestant martyr - entered his household in nearby Reading as a tutor to his children. At the end of 1552, Knollys visited Ireland on public business. The accession of Queen Mary darkened Knollys' prospects. His religious opinions placed him in opposition to the government and he deemed it prudent to cross to Germany. On his departure, the Princess Elizabeth wrote to his wife - the lady's cousin, Catherine Carey - a sympathetic note, expressing a wish that they would soon be able to return in safety. Knollys first took up his residence in Frankfort, where he was admitted as a church-member on 21st December 1557; but, afterwards, he removed himself to Strasburg. According to Fuller, he "bountifully communicated to the necessities" of his fellow-exiles in Germany and, at Strasburg, he seems to have been on intimate terms with Jewel and Peter Martyr. Before Mary's death, he returned to England and, "as a man of assured understanding and truth, and well affected to the protestant religion," he was admitted to the new Queen Elizabeth's privy council in December 1558. He was soon afterwards made Vice-Chamberlain of the Household and Captain of the Halberdiers. While his wife and her sister became women of the Queen's Privy Chamber. In 1560, Knollys' wife and son, Robert, were granted, for their lives, the manor of Taunton, part of the property of the See of Winchester. In 1559, Knollys was chosen MP for Arundel and, in 1562, for Oxford, of which town he was also appointed Chief Steward. In 1572, he was elected the Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire and sat for that constituency until his death. Throughout his parliamentary career, he was a frequent spokesman for the Government on questions of general politics but, as a zealous puritan, in ecclesiastical matters, he preserved an independent attitude. Knollys' friendship with the Queen and Cecil led to his employment in many offices of anxious responsibility. In 1563, he was Governor of Portsmouth and was much harassed, in the August, by the difficulties in supplying the needs, in men and money, of the Earl of Warwick who was engaged on his disastrous expedition to Le Havre. In April 1566, Sir Francis was sent to Ireland to control the expenditure of Sir Henry Sidney, the Lord Deputy, who was trying to repress the rebellion of Shane O'Neil, and was much hampered by the interference of court factions at home; but, contrary to Elizabeth's wishes, Knollys found himself compelled to approve Sidney's plans. It was, he explained, out of the question to conduct the campaign against the Irish rebels on strictly economical lines. In August 1564, he accompanied the Queen to Cambridge and was created an MA. Two years later, he went to Oxford, also with his sovereign, and received a like distinction there. In the same year (1566), he was appointed Treasurer of the Queen's Chamber. In May 1568, Mary, Queen of Scots, fled to England and flung herself on Queen Elizabeth's protection. She had found refuge in Carlisle Castle and the delicate duty of taking charge of the fugitive was entrusted jointly to Knollys and to Henry Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope. On 28th May, Knollys arrived at the castle and was admitted to Mary's presence. At his first interview he was conscious of Mary's powerful fascination. But to her requests for an interview with Elizabeth and for help to regain her throne, he returned the evasive answers which Elizabeth's advisers had suggested to him; and he frankly drew her attention to the suspicions which suggested her involvement in her husband Darnley's murder. A month passed and no decision was reached in London respecting Mary's future. On 13th July, Knollys contrived to remove her, despite "her tragical demonstrations," to Bolton Castle in the Yorkshire Dales, the seat of Lord Scrope. Here he tried to amuse her by teaching her to write and speak English. Knollys' position grew more and more distasteful and, writing on 16th July to Cecil whom he kept well informed of Mary's conversations and conduct, he angrily demanded his recall. But while lamenting his occupation, Knollys conscientiously endeavoured to convert his prisoner to his puritanic views and she read the English prayer-hook under his guidance. In his discussions with her, Sir Francis commended so unreservedly the doctrines and forms of Geneva that Queen Elizabeth, upon learning his line of argument, sent him a sharp reprimand. Writing to Cecil in self-defence (8th August 1568), Knollys described how contentedly Mary accepted his plain speaking on religious topics. In fact, Mary made every effort to maintain good relations with him. Late in August, she gave Sir Francis a present for his wife, desired his wife's acquaintance and wrote to him a very friendly note, her first attempt at English composition. In October, when schemes for marrying Mary to an English nobleman were under consideration, Knollys proposed that his wife's nephew, George Carey, might prove a suitable match. In November the inquiry into Mary's misdeeds, which had begun at York, was reopened at Westminster and Knollys pointed out that he needed a larger company of retainers in order to keep his prisoner safe from a possible attempt at rescue. In December, he was directed by Elizabeth to induce Mary to assent to her abdication of the Scottish throne. In January 1569, he plainly told the English queen that, in declining to allow Mary either to be condemned or to be acquitted on the charges brought against her, she was inviting perils which were likely to overwhelm her and entreated her to leave the decision of Mary's fate to her well-tried councillors. On 20th January, orders arrived at Bolton to transfer Mary to Tutbury, where the Earl of Shrewsbury was to take charge of her. The Scottish queen protested against her the removal in a pathetic note (25th January) to Knollys and intended for Elizabeth's eyes; but, next day, she was forced to leave Bolton and Knollys remained with her at Tutbury until 3rd February. His wife's death then called him home. Mary blamed Elizabeth for the fatal termination of Lady Knollys' illness, attributing it to her husband's extended absence in the north. In April 1571, Knollys strongly supported the retrospective clauses of the bill for the better protection of Queen Elizabeth, by which any person who had previously put forward a claim to the throne was adjudged guilty of high treason. Next year, he was appointed Treasurer of the Royal Household (13th July) and he entertained Elizabeth at 'Abbey House,' the Royal Palace at the dissolved Reading Abbey, where he often resided by permission of the Crown. The office of treasurer, he retained till his death. Although Knollys was invariably on good terms, personally, with his sovereign, he never concealed his distrust of her statesmanship. Her unwillingness to take "safe counsel," her apparent readiness to encourage parasites and flatterers, whom he called "King Richard the Second's men," was, he boldly pointed out, responsible for most of her dangers and difficulties. In July 1578, he repeated his warning in a long letter and begged her to adopt straightforward measures so as to avert such disasters as the conquest of the Low Countries by Spain, the revolt of Scotland to France and Mary Stuart, and the growth of Papists in England. He did not oppose the first proposals for the Queen's marriage with Alençon which were made in 1579, but during the negotiations, he showed reluctance to accept the scheme and Elizabeth threatened that "his zeal for religion would cost him dear." In December 1581, he attended the Jesuit Campion's execution and asked him, on the scaffold, whether he renounced the Pope. He was a commissioner for the trials of Parry the Jesuit in 1585, of Babington and his fellow-conspirators, whom he tried to argue into Protestantism, in 1580, and of Queen Mary at Fotheringay in the same year. He urged Mary's immediate execution in 1587, both in Parliament and in the Council. In April 1589, he was a commissioner for the trial Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel. On 16th December 1584, he introduced into the House of Commons the bill legalising a national association to protect the Queen from assassination. In 1585, he offered to contribute £100, for several years, towards the expenses of the War for the Defence of the Low Countries and renewed the offer, which was not accepted, in July 1586. In 1589, he was placed in command of the land forces of Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire which had been called together to resist the Spanish Armada. Knollys was interested in the voyages of Frobisher am Drake and took shares in the first and second Cathay expeditions. Knollys never wavered in his consistent championship of the Puritans. In May 1574, he joined Bishop Grindal, Sir Walter Mildmay and Sir Thomas Smith in a letter to Parkhurst, Bishop of Norwich, arguing in favour of the religious exercises known a 'prophesyings.' But he was zealous in opposition to heresy and, in September 1581, he begged Burghley and Leicester to repress such "anabaptistical sectaries" as member of the '"Family of Love...who do serve the turn of the Papists". Writing to Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury, on 20th June 1584, he hotly condemned the Archbishop's attempts to prosecute puritan preachers in the Court of High Commission as unjustly despotic and treading "the highway to the Pope". He supported Cartwright with equal vehemence. On 24th May 1584, he sent to Burghley a bitter attack on "the undermining ambition and covetousness of some of our bishops," and on their persecutions of the Puritans. Repeating his views, in July 1586, he urged the banishment of all recusants and the exclusion from public offices of all who married recusants. In 1588, he charged Whitgift with endangering the Queen's safety by his Popish tyranny and embodied his accusation in a series of articles which Whitgift characterized as a fond and scandalous syllogism. In the parliament of 1589, he vainly endeavoured to pass a bill against non-residence of the clergy and pluralities. In the course of the discussion, he denounced the claims of the bishops "to keep courts in their own name" and denied them any "worldly pre-eminence." This speech, "related by himself" to Burghley, was published in 1608, together with a letter to Knollys from his friend, the puritan Dr. Reynolds 'or Rainolds,' in which Bishop Bancroft's sermon at St. Paul's Cross (9th February 1589) was keenly criticised. The volume was entitled 'Informations, or a Protestation and a Treatise from Scotland...all suggesting the Usurpation of Papal Bishops.' Knollys' contribution reappeared as 'Speeches used in the Parliament by Sir Francis Knoles' in William Stoughton's 'Assertion for True and Christian Church Policie' (London, 1642). Throughout 1589 and 1590, Sir Francis was seeking, in correspondence with Burghley, to convince the latter of the impolicy of adopting Whitgift's theory of the divine right of bishops. On 9th January 1591, he told his correspondent that he marvelled "how her Majestie can be persuaded that she is in as much danger of such as are called Purytanes as she is of the Papysts". Finally, on 14th May 1591, he declared that he would prefer to retire from politics and political office rather than cease to express his hostility to the bishops' claims with full freedom. In 1593, he was made a Knight of the Garter. Knollys's domestic affairs, at times, caused him anxiety. In spite of his friendly relations with the Earl of Leicester, he did not approve the Royal favourite's intrigues with his daughter, Lettice, widow of Walter Devereux, the 1st Earl of Essex, and he finally insisted on their marriage at Wanstead on 21st September 1578. The wayward temper of his grandson, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (son of the same daughter by her first husband), was a source of trouble to him in his later years and the Queen seemed inclined to make him responsible for the youth's vagaries. Knollys was created KG in 1593 and died on 19th July 1596. In his will, he is described as 'of Caversham', so it seems likely that the mansion he was building there was either complete or nearing completion at this date. He was buried at Rotherfield Greys and an elaborate monument, with effigies of seven sons, six daughters and his son William's wife, is still standing in the church there. A poem on his death was penned by Thomas Churchyard under the title, 'A Sad and Solemne Funerall' (London, 1596). Two portraits of Knollys and one of his wife are said to have been in possession of a descendant at Fernhill House in Winkfield, in 1776. Knollys married Catherine, the daughter of William Carey, Esquire of the Body to King Henry VIII, by Mary, the daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire, and sister of Queen Ann Boleyn. Lady Knollys was thus first cousin to Queen Elizabeth and sister to Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon. She died, aged 39, at Hampton Court Palace, while in attendance on the Queen, on 15th January 1569 and was buried at Royal expense, in April, in St. Edmund's Chapel in Westminster Abbey. Elizabeth keenly felt her loss. A broadside epitaph by Thomas Newton, dated in 1569, belonged to Heber. She left seven sons and five daughters. Of the latter, Letitia (1540-1634) was wife successively of Walter Devereux, Earl of Essex, of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester and of Sir Christopher Blount; Cecilia, Maid of Honour to Queen Elizabeth; Elizabeth, married Sir Thomas Leighton, Governor of Guernsey; Ann, married to Thomas, Lord de la Warr; and Catherine, married, firstly, to Gerald FitzGerald, Lord Offaly, and, secondly, Sir Philip Boteler of Watton Woodhall. According to their monument, the couple had two further daughters who presumably predeceased them. All Knollys' sons were prominent courtiers in his lifetime. They were, according to Naunton, at continual feud with the Norreys family and, aided by Leicester's influence, kept their rivals in subjection until the Earl's death. Henry, the eldest son, obtained the reputation of being a very cultivated and religious - particularly anti-Spanish - privateer and soldier. William, the second son and eventual heir, was created the Earl of Banbury in 1626. Edward, the third son, was elected MP for Oxford on 2nd April 1571 and died about 1580. Then there came Robert, Richard and Francis Junior. Thomas, the seventh son, distinguished himself in the warfare in the Low Countries, acting as Governor of Ostend in 1586 and prominently aiding Peregrine Bertie in the Siege of Bergen in 1588. He married Odelia, daughter of John de Morada, Marquis of Bergen. Edited from Sidney Lee's 'Dictionary of National Biography' (1892)

[Not mine]

Rauf Daubeny; Escudo de gules, una faja de cinco fusos de plata.. Daubeny, Philip; Escudo de gules, una faja de cinco fusos de plata, en jefe tres estrellas de oro.. Philip Daubeny; Escudo de gules, una faja de cinco fusos de plata, en jefe tres estrellas de oro.. Berry de Molland; Escudo de oro,

This miniature shows Essex in his teens--a handsome, winsome boy. He was the stepson of Elizabeth I's great love, Robert Dudley. Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (10 November 1565[1] – 25 February 1601), is the best-known of the many holders of the title "Earl of Essex." He was a military hero and royal favourite of Elizabeth I, but following a poor campaign against Irish rebels during the Nine Years' War in 1599, he failed in a coup d'état against the queen and was executed for treason. Essex was born on 10 November 1565 at Netherwood near Bromyard, in Herefordshire, the son of Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex and Lettice Knollys. His maternal great-grandmother Mary Boleyn was a sister of Anne Boleyn, mother of Queen Elizabeth I, making him a cousin of the Queen, and there were rumours that his grandmother, Catherine Carey, a close friend of Queen Elizabeth's, was Henry VIII's illegitimate daughter.[3] He was brought up on his father's estates at Chartley Castle, Staffordshire and at Lamphey, Pembrokeshire in Wales and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge.[4] His father died in 1576, The new Earl of Essex became a ward of Lord Burghley. On 21 September 1578 his mother married Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Elizabeth I's long-standing favourite and Robert Devereux's godfather.[5] Essex performed military service under his stepfather in the Netherlands, before making an impact at court and winning the Queen's favour. In 1590 he married Frances Walsingham, daughter of Sir Francis Walsingham and widow of Sir Philip Sidney, by whom he was to have several children, three of whom survived into adulthood. Sidney, Leicester's nephew, died at the Battle of Zutphen in which Essex also distinguished himself. Essex first came to court in 1584, and by 1587 had become a favourite of the Queen, who relished his lively mind and eloquence, as well as his skills as a showman and in courtly love. In June 1587 he replaced the Earl of Leicester as Master of the Horse.[6] He underestimated the Queen, however, and his later behaviour towards her lacked due respect and showed disdain for the influence of her principal secretary, Sir Robert Cecil. On one occasion during a heated Privy Council debate on the problems in Ireland, the Queen reportedly cuffed an insolent Essex round the ear, prompting him to draw his sword on her. After Leicester's death in 1588, the Queen transferred to Essex the royal monopoly on sweet wines, which the late Earl had held; by this Essex could profit from collecting taxes. In 1589, he took part in Sir Francis Drake's English Armada, which sailed to Iberia in an unsuccessful attempt to press home the English advantage following the defeat of the Spanish Armada; the Queen had ordered him not to take part in the expedition, but he only returned upon the failure to take Lisbon. In 1591, he was given command of a force sent to the assistance of King Henry IV of France. In 1596, he distinguished himself by the capture of Cadiz. During the Islands Voyage expedition to the Azores in 1597, with Sir Walter Raleigh as his second in command, he defied the Queen's orders, pursuing the treasure fleet without first defeating the Spanish battle fleet. Essex's greatest failure was as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, a post which he talked himself into in 1599. The Nine Years War (1595–1603) was in its middle stages, and no English commander had been successful. More military force was required to defeat the Irish chieftains, led by Hugh O'Neill, the Earl of Tyrone, and supplied from Spain and Scotland. Essex led the largest expeditionary force ever sent to Ireland — 16,000 troops — with orders to put an end to the rebellion. He departed London to the cheers of the Queen's subjects, and it was expected that the rebellion would be crushed instantly. But the limits of Crown resources and of the Irish campaigning season dictated another course. Essex had declared to the Privy Council that he would confront O'Neill in Ulster. But instead, Essex led his army into southern Ireland, fought a series of inconclusive engagements, wasted his funds, and dispersed his army into garrisons. The Irish forces then won several victories. Instead of facing O'Neill in battle, Essex had to make a truce with the rebel leader that was considered humiliating to the Crown and to the detriment of English authority. In all of his campaigns, Essex secured the loyalties of his officers by conferring knighthoods, an honour which the Queen herself dispensed sparingly. By the end of his time in Ireland, more than half the knights in England owed their rank to Essex. The rebels were said to have joked that "he never drew sword but to make knights." But his practice of conferring knighthoods could in time enable Essex to challenge the powerful factions at Cecil's command. He was the second Chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin, serving from 1598 to 1601. Relying on his general warrant to return to England, given under the great seal, Essex sailed from Ireland on 24 September 1599, and reached London four days later. The Queen had expressly forbidden his return and was surprised when he presented himself in her bedchamber one morning at Nonsuch Palace, before she was properly wigged or gowned. On that day, the Privy Council met three times, and it seemed his disobedience might go unpunished, although the Queen did confine him to his rooms with the comment that "an unruly beast must be stopped of his provender." Essex by Isaac Oliver, c. 1597 Essex appeared before the full Council on 29 September, when he was compelled to stand before the Council during a five hour interrogation. The Council — his uncle William Knollys included — took a quarter of an hour to compile a report, which declared that his truce with O'Neill was indefensible and his flight from Ireland tantamount to a desertion of duty. He was committed to custody in his own York House on 1 October, and he blamed Cecil and Raleigh for the queen's hostility. Raleigh advised Cecil to see to it that Essex did not recover power, and Essex appeared to heed advice to retire from public life, despite his popularity with the public. During his confinement at York House, Essex probably communicated with King James VI of Scotland through Lord Mountjoy, although any plans he may have had at that time to help the Scots king capture the English throne came to nothing. In October, Mountjoy was appointed to replace him in Ireland, and matters seemed to look up for the Earl. In November, the queen was reported to have said that the truce with O'Neill was "so seasonably made… as great good… has grown by it." Others in the Council were willing to justify Essex's return to Ireland, on the grounds of the urgent necessity of a briefing by the commander-in-chief. Cecil kept up the pressure and, on 5 June 1600, Essex was tried before a commission of 18 men. He had to hear the charges and evidence on his knees. Essex was convicted, was deprived of public office, and was returned to virtual confinement. In August, his freedom was granted, but the source of his basic income—the sweet wines monopoly—was not renewed. His situation had become desperate,and he shifted "from sorrow and repentance to rage and rebellion." In early 1601, he began to fortify York House and gather his followers. On the morning of 8 February, he marched out of York House with a party of nobles and gentlemen (some later involved in the 1605 Gunpowder Plot) and entered the city of London in an attempt to force an audience with the Queen. Cecil immediately had him proclaimed a traitor. Finding no support among the Londoners, Essex retreated from the city, and surrendered after the Crown forces besieged York House. On 19 February 1601, Essex was tried before his peers on charges of treason. Part of the evidence showed that he was in favour of toleration of religious dissent. In his own evidence, he countered the charge of dealing with Catholics, swearing that "papists have been hired and suborned to witness against me." Essex also asserted that Cecil had stated that none in the world but the Infanta of Spain had right to the Crown of England, whereupon Cecil (who had been following the trial at a doorway concealed behind some tapestry) stepped out to make a dramatic denial, going down on his knees to give thanks to God for the opportunity. The witness whom Essex expected to confirm this allegation, his uncle William Knollys, was called and admitted there had once been read in Cecil's presence a book treating such matters (possibly either The book of succession supposedly by an otherwise unknown R. Doleman but probably really by Robert Persons or A Conference about the Next Succession to the Crown of England explicitly mentioned to be by Parsons, in which a Catholic successor friendly to Spain was favored). Essex, however, denied he had heard Cecil make the statement. Thanking God again, Cecil expressed his gratitude that Essex was exposed as a traitor while he himself was found an honest man. Essex was found guilty and, on 25 February 1601, was beheaded on Tower Green, becoming the last person to be beheaded in the Tower of London. (It was reported to have taken three strokes by the executioner to complete the beheading.) At Sir Walter Raleigh's own treason trial later on, in 1603, it was alleged that Raleigh had said to a co-conspirator, "Do not, as my Lord Essex did, take heed of a preacher. By his persuasion he confessed, and made himself guilty." In that same trial, Raleigh also denied that he had stood at a window during the execution of Essex's sentence, disdainfully puffing out tobacco smoke in sight of the condemned man. Some days before the execution, Captain Thomas Lee was apprehended as he kept watch on the door to the Queen's chambers. His plan had been to confine her until she signed a warrant for the release of Essex. Capt. Lee, who had served in Ireland with the Earl, and who acted as go-between with the Ulster rebels, was tried and put to death the next day. Devereux's conviction for treason meant that the earldom of Essex was forfeit, and his son did not inherit the title. However, after the Queen's death, King James I reinstated the earldom in favour of the disinherited son, Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex.

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Wild Willy's hot spring on the East side of the Sierra outside of Mammoth, California.