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Design, build, and deploy performant and maintainable web applications using Spring, Spring Boot, and Angular Key Features: Explore key concepts and best practices in developing full stack applications for real-world use cases Boost your career as a full stack Java developer using advanced Spring tips and techniques Dive into the practical concepts of frontend development with Angular without the need for theory Book Description: Angular is a battle-tested and batteries-included JavaScript framework that is trusted by enterprises across the globe. Together with Spring Boot, it enables you to set up a resilient full stack for your web development project. This guide will help you harness the features of both these technologies and build complete Java web applications with impressive frontend.You will begin your journey of building Java full stack apps by learning how to set up the CI/CD pipeline. Then, you'll find out how to build the backend for your app, guided by best practices to ensure security, performance, and testability. As you progress through the chapters, you'll discover how to build the frontend for your app, architected for enterprise. The concluding chapters will teach you all about deploying your application using GitHub Actions.By the end of this web development book, you'll have learned how to build a full stack web app using the most popular NPM packages for Angular and Java. You'll not just be able to build the app, but also package and deploy it through using continuous integration and continuous deployment practices. What You Will Learn: Find out how to architect Angular for enterprise-level app developmentCreate a Spring Boot project using Spring InitializrBuild RESTful APIs for Java web applicationsUnderstand how caching with Redis can improve your app's performanceDiscover how CORS with Spring Boot can improve your app's securityWrite tests to maintain a healthy Java Spring Boot applicationImplement testing and modern deployments in full stack app development Who this book is for: The book is for Java web developers with beginner-level experience in Spring Boot who want to develop complete web applications by leveraging the power of the JavaScript framework. An understanding of HTML, CSS, and Spring Boot is assumed as the book is not intended to help you get started with Angular.

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Hello guys, if you are coding in Java for long then you know that Annotations have completely changed the way you write Java code. It's now impossible to write any Java code without using annotations but that's for good. They provide a lot of value and that's why it's important for a Java developer to get familiar with essential annotations of the framework he or she is using. When I think about Java, some of the essential annotations which come to our mind are @Override, @SuppressWarning, and @Deprecated. Similarly, if you are using the Spring Boot framework, an extension of the Spring framework which aims to simplify the Java development with Spring, you will often end up using a couple of annotations like @SpringBootApplication or @EnableAutoConfiguration. Many Java developer just blindly uses annotations without knowing that what they are and what they do. They just copy-paste the code without giving much thought. For example, the @SpringBootApplication annotation is required for most of the main class you write with Spring Boot, hence, most of the Java developers end up just copy-pasting the whole class and trying to customize it for their own need. Well, nothing is bad, as long as you know what you are doing but just learning a bit of fundamentals never hurt. Even small information that what does the particular annotation does and when to use them will go a long way in improving your understanding of the code you write or read. In order to bridge this gap, I am going to share some of the essential Spring Boot annotations every Java developer should be familiar with. I'll just provide a quick overview with an example for the sake to keep this article short but you join Learn Spring Boot in 100 Steps course to learn them in depth with more real-world examples. 5 Spring Boot Annotations Every Java Developer should know Without wasting any more of your time, here is my list of some of the useful Spring Boot annotations which every Java developer using Spring Boot should be familiar with. 1.@SpringBootApplication This is the most common Spring Boot annotation and you will find it probably in every single Spring Boot application. Since Spring Boot allows you to execute your Web application without deploying it into any web server like Tomcat. You can run them just like you can run the main class in Java, this annotation is used to annotate the main class of your Spring Boot application. It also enables the auto-configuration feature of Spring Boot. Here is an example of using the @SpringBootApplication in Java: package boot; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @SpringBootApplication public class SpringBootDemo { public static void main(String args[]) { SpringApplication.run(SpringBootDemo.class, args); } } @RestController class HelloControler{ @RequestMapping("/") public String hello(){ return "Hello Spring Booot"; } } This is the simplest example of a RESTful web service you can write using Spring and Java. You can run this like any Java application by right-clicking on the source file and "Run as Java application" in Eclipse. After that, the embedded Tomcat server will start and deploy this RESTful web service. When you will hit the URL http://localhost:8080/ (the default port for embedded tomcat server inside Spring boot) you will be greeted with "Hello Spring Boot". Now, coming back to the @SpringBootApplication annotation, it's actually a combination of three annotations - @Configuration, @ComponentScan, and @EnableAutoConfiguration. If you know the @Configuration enables Java-based configuration and the class annotated with @Configuration can be used to define Spring Beans. The @ComponentScan enables component scanning so that controller or any other component class you create will be automatically discovered and registered with Spring Bean. And, finally, the @EnableAutoConfiguration enables the auto-configuration feature of Spring Boot which can automatically configure certain Spring features based upon JAR available in Classpath. For example, if H2.jar is present in the classpath, it can configure the H2 in-memory database inside the Spring application context. As explained by Dan Vega in his Spring Boot MasterClass, Spring Boot makes more than 200+ decisions to free you from common configuration tasks. If you want to customize those decisions you can do so. Btw, the @SpringBootApplication annotation is only available from Spring Boot version 1.1, It wasn't part of Spring Boot's first release and was later added because they realize that almost all the applications were annotated with those three annotations (@Configuration + @ComponentScan, and @EnableAutoConfiguration). 2.@EnableAutoConfiguration This is the original Spring Boot annotation which was added to enable the auto-configuration, the flagship Spring boot feature which frees developers from common configuration tasks. The auto-configuration feature automatically configures things if certain classes are present in the Classpath like if thymeleaf.jar is present in the Classpath then it can automatically configure Thymeleaf TemplateResolver and ViewResolver. If you are not using @SpringBootApplication or running on Spring boot version lower than 1.1 then you can use @EnableAutoConfiguration annotates to enable the auto-configuration feature of Spring Boot. Another thing that is worth knowing about @EnableAutoConfiguration is that it allows you to selectively ignore certain classes from auto-configuration using the exclude attribute as shown below: @Configuration @EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class}) public class SpringBootDemo { //.. Java code } If the class is not on the classpath, you can use the excludeName attribute of the @EnableAutoConfiguration annotation and specify the fully qualified class name, as explained by Ranga Karnan on Learn Spring Boot in 100 Steps course. One of the best courses for beginners to learn Spring boot. Btw, this Spring Boot annotation is really useful for experienced Spring Boot programmers who think that Spring boot is too opinionated and want to have some control over the auto-configuration feature. 3.@ContextConfiguration This annotation specifies how to load the application context while writing a unit test for the Spring environment. Here is an example of using @ContextConfiguration along with @RunWith annotation of JUnit to test a Service class in Spring Boot. @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes=PaymentConfiguration.class) public class PaymentServiceTests{ @Autowired private PaymentService paymentService; @Test public void testPaymentService(){ // code to test PaymentService class } } In this example, @ContextConfiguration class instructs to load the Spring application context defined in the PaymentConfiguration class. Btw, even though it does a great job of loading the Spring application context, it doesn't provide full Spring boot treatment. As explained by Craig Walls in Spring Boot in Action, the Spring Boot applications are ultimately loaded by SpringBootApplicaiton either explicitly or using the SpringBootServletInitializer. This not only leads beans in the Spring application context but also enables logging and loading of properties from external property files like applicaiton.properties as well as other Spring Boot features. But, don't worry, there is another annotation that provides all of this and you can use that to write a unit test with Spring boot treatment. 4.@SpringApplicationConfiguration This is the annotation that addresses the shortcomings of @ContextConfiguration annotation discussed in the previous section. It provides full Spring Boot treatment to your test classes like it not only load the beans in the Spring application context but also enables logging and loads properties from application.properties file. Btw, you should always use @SpringApplicaitonConfiguration instead of @ContextConfigruation for writing unit tests in Spring boot. Here is an example of using @SpringApplicatoinConfiguration annotation in Spring boot: @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes=PaymentConfiguration.class) public class PaymentServiceTests{ ... } This is the same example we have seen in the last section but re-written using the @SpringApplicationConfiguration annotation this time. Again, I suggest you check out the Spring Boot in Action book to learn more about it, one of the best books to learn the Spring Boot framework. 5.@ConditionalOnBean Spring Boot defines several conditional annotations for auto-configuration like @ConditionalOnBean which can be used to apply a configuration if the specified bean has been configured. 5.1 @ConditionalOnMissingBean Similarly, you have @ConditionalOnMissingBean, which enables the configuration if the specified bean has not already been configured. @ConditionalOnClass The configuration is applied if the specified class is available on the Classpath. 5.2 @ConditioanlOnMissingClass This is the counterpart of the previous annotation. This configuration is applied if the specified class is not present on the Classpath. 5.3 @ConditionalOnExpression The Configuration is applied if the given Spring Expression Language (SpEL) expression evaluates to true. 5.4 @ConditionalOnJava The Configuration is applied if the version of Java matches a specific value or range of versions. Apart from these conditional annotations listed here, there are more e.g. @ConditioalOnJndi, @ConditioanlOnProperty, @ConditioanlOnResource, @ConditionalOnWebApplication, and @ConditionalOnNotWebApplication which works depending upon the presence and absence of some conditions. If you are interested to learn more about them, I suggest going through Spring Framework 5: Beginner to Guru, one of the best courses to learn Conditionals and Spring Boot annotations. That's all about some of the essential Spring Boot annotations every Java developer should know. If you are using Spring Boot for creating a Spring-based Java web application then you will come across these annotations every now and then. Just knowing what they do and where you can use will give you confidence while reading and writing Spring boot code. Other Java and Spring articles you may like 5 Spring Boot Features Every Java Developer Should Know (features) Top 5 Free Courses to learn Spring and Spring Boot (courses) 5 Course to Master Spring Boot online (courses) 10 Courses to learn Spring Security with OAuth 2 (courses) 10 Things Java Developer should learn (goals) Top 5 Books and Courses to learn RESTful Web Service (books) 10 Tools Java Developers use in their day-to-day life (tools) 10 Tips to become a better Java developer (tips) Top 5 Courses to learn Microservices in Java? (courses) 3 Best Practices Java Programmers can learn from Spring (best practices) 5 courses to learn Spring Boot and Spring Cloud ( courses) 3 ways to change Tomcat port in Spring Boot (tutorial) 10 Advanced Spring Boot Courses for Java Programmers (courses) 10 Spring MVC annotations Java developers should learn (annotations) 10 Best Spring Courses for Senior Java developers (best courses) 15 Spring Boot Interview Questions for Java Programmers (questions) Thanks for reading this article so far. If you find these essential Spring Boot annotations useful then please share them with your friends and colleagues. If you have any questions or feedback then please drop a note. P. S. - If you want to learn Spring Boot in-depth but looking for some free resources to start with then I also recommend you check out this list of 10 Free Spring Boot tutorials and courses on Medium. This list contains some of the best free courses to learn Spring Boot from Udemy, Pluralsight, Coursera, and other online platforms.

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Spring is one of the most popular framework and most widely used to develop Java Web application using MVC framework. Due to its immense popularity its expected from Java guys to know how to use Spring framework and how it works. Most of the Java development position uses Spring, Hibernate along with core Java and JEE web technologies like Servlet, JSP, and JSF. In this article, I will be sharing some frequently asked Spring interview question for Java JEE developers. It will contain questions from different Spring modules like Spring MVC, Spring core, the concept on which Spring is built e.g. IOC and DI and Spring security. 26 Spring Framework Interview Questions and Answers for 5 Years Experienced Here is my list of top 20 Spring framework interview questions and answers for Java and JEE developers having 0 to 4 years of experience. 1. What is Spring framework? What is the main advantage of using Spring? Spring is a Java based framework which provides essential features required by Java application out-of-the-box e.g. dependency injection, transaction control, JDBC and JMS helper classes. Provides support to integrate with other frameworks e.g. Hibernate, out-of-box web security features using Spring security etc. 2. What is difference between @Component, @Controller, @Repository, and @Serverice annotation in spring? All three are Spring beans but their responsibility is different depending upon the layer they are used, for example @Controller is used in presentation layer, @Service is used in service layer, and @Repository is used in Data access layer. If you wan to learn them in depth, you can also read my earlier article about the same topic, here 3. What is different bean scope for Spring beans? singleton, prototype, request, and session 4. What is the difference between singleton and prototype bean scope? singleton means just one instance shared between every client who calls the getBean() method, prototype means every time getBean() is called a new instance of the bean is get created. 5. Does spring beans are thread-safe? No, spring doesn't provide any thread-safety guarantee, but prototype beans are thread-safe because they are not shared between multiple threads but singleton beans are not thread-safe. 6. What is the default scope of bean in Spring framework? The default scope is the singleton, which means if you declare bean without specifying scope then it will be a singleton. 7. How does the Spring bean post processor work? Here is a nice diagram which explains how exactly the Spring BeanPostProcessor work in Spring Framework 8. What is dependency injection? Dependency injection is a design pattern in which object's dependency is provided to it rather than object gathering its dependency and increasing coupling between modules. Spring framework provides a DI container which can be used to manage dependency of objects. 9. What is the difference between Dependency injection (DI) and Inversion of Control (IOC)? Both are similar thing but first is pattern of providing dependency to object while second is a concept where role of creating object or passing dependency is reversed from developer to framework like Spring or Google Guice. 10. What are the different types of dependency injection (IoC) supported by Spring? Spring support two main types of dependency injection, constructor injection and setter injection. In former dependencies are passed via constructor and in case of later, dependencies are passed via setter methods. 11. What is the difference between Setter and Construction injection? Differences comes from the fact that in case of setter injection, you call setter methods to pass dependencies while in case of constructor, you pass dependencies via constructor. This also means that in case of setter injection, dependencies are passed after object is created while in case of constructor injection, dependencies are passed when object is created. That's why constructor injection is often used to pass mandatory dependencies without which object cannot function and setter injection is passed additional or optional dependencies. 12. When should you use setter vs constructor injection in Spring? Use constructor injection to pass mandatory dependencies without which object cannot work while use setter injection to pass additional dependencies after object is created. 13. What is the difference between BeanFactory and ApplicationContext? Both are responsible for creating and managing beans in spring framework but later has more functionality and provide internationalization support. Here are few more differences between BeanFactory and ApplicationContext in Spring framework: 14. What are different spring modules? There are many projects or modules in spring framework like Spring Boot, Spring Data JPA, Spring Security, Spring Cloud etc. 15. What are the lazily instantiated beans in Spring framework? This means beans are not created and initialized until they are required by any object or code. 16. What are inner beans in Spring framework? A bean inside another bean is called the inner bean in spring Framework. 17. What is auto wiring means in Spring? Normally, many Java developer defines the relationship between bean using setter and constructor injection in Spring configuration file e.g. applicationContext.xml but Spring also provides an option to figure out relationship and dependency by itself, this is known as auto-wiring in Spring. 18. What are the different types (modes) of auto-wiring supported by Spring? Spring support XML based auto-writing or Java based auto-wiring 19. What is annotation auto-wiring? How do you enable it in Spring? Annotation auto-wring lets you annotated property for auto-wiring. You can use @Autowried annotation to annotate a property in Spring. Depending upon which Spring version you are suing it may not be turned on in the Spring container. So, before you can use the annotation-based wiring, you need to enable it by using context:annotation-config 20. Can you list down some limitations of autowiring in Spring? 21. What is @Required annotation does in Spring? (answer) The @Required annotation is used to specify the mandatory dependency of a bean. Spring container throws BeanInitializationException if the @Required annotated bean property has not been populated. 22. What is DispatcherServlet in Spring MVC? The DispatcherServlet is a core of Spring MVC, it's the front controller which handles all the HTTP requests and responses. 23. What is the difference between WebApplicationContext and ApplicationContext? WebApplicationContext is an extension of ApplicationContext for the web application. It has more features required for web application e.g. it is capable of resolving themes, and that it knows which servlet it is associated with. 24. What are the two types of transaction management supported by Spring? Spring support both declarative and programmatic transaction management. @Transaction annotation is used for declaration transaction management. 25. What do @Controller and @ReuestMapping annotation do in Spring MVC? Both @Controller and @RequestMapping are Spring MVC specific annotations, former is used to make a class controller while later is used to map the request with a method. Another difference between @Controller and @RequestMapping is that @Controller is applied at class level while @RequestMapping is applied at method level. 26. What does the ViewResolver do in Spring MVC? The ViewResolver is used for resolving view corresponding to request or response URL. It usually defines the prefix and suffix to resolve the view component. 27. How can you use List, Set, and Map in Spring configuration file? This questions is for you to answer, let me know how will you do that in comments 28. How do you use a properties file in the Spring configuration file? This is another question for you to answer, think about @PropertySource 29. What is difference between Spring Framework and Spring Boot? (answer) While both are part of big Spring framework umbrella, Spring Framework is commonly referred to the framework which provide essential Dependency injection and Inversion of control functionality along with Spring Framework core API. Spring Framework was introduced to solve the problem associated with Java development and Spring boot is introduced later to solve the problem associate with Spring Framework development, I mean making it easier to create Java application using Spring Framework. That's why its auto-configure a lot of things for you and its bit opinionated which may or may not suit your purpose That's all about Spring Interview questions and answers for 3 to 5 years experienced Java programmers and developers . These questions will help you in your telephonic round of interviews as well as face-to-face interviews. Even if you are not an expert, you will get some basic idea of some important features of Spring framework, which is a very sought-after job skill for Java developer positions. If you can learn to Hibernate along with Spring then it will further boost your chance to get a Java web developer job. Other Java and Spring articles you may like 15 Spring Data JPA Interview Questions with answers (questions) 5 Courses to learn Spring Cloud and Microservices (courses) 13 Spring Boot Actuator Interview questions (Spring actuator question) 15 Spring Cloud Interview Questions for Java developers (answers) Top 5 Courses to learn Microservices in Java? (courses) 15 Microservices Interview questions (answers) 5 Course to Master Spring Boot online (courses) 10 Spring MVC annotations Java developers should learn (annotations) Top 5 Books and Courses to learn RESTful Web Service (books) 3 ways to change Tomcat port in Spring Boot (tutorial) 5 Spring Boot Annotations for full-stack Java developers (tutorial) 10 Tools Java Developers use in their day-to-day life (tools) 10 Courses to learn Spring Security with OAuth 2 (courses) 10 Advanced Spring Boot Courses for Java Programmers (courses) 3 Best Practices Java Programmers can learn from Spring (best practices) 5 courses to learn Spring Boot and Spring Cloud ( courses) Thanks for reading this article so far; if you find these Spring boot Actuator interview questions and answers useful, please share them with your friends and colleagues. P. S. - If you want to learn about Spring Boot and look for a free Spring Boot online course, I also recommend you join one of these free Spring Framework online courses on Udemy. It's one of the best free courses to learn Spring Boot for Java developers.

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Develop efficient and modern full-stack applications using Spring Boot and React 16 Key Features Develop resourceful backends using Spring Boot and faultless frontends using React.Explore the techniques involved in creating a full-stack app by going through a methodical approach.Learn to add CRUD functionalities and use Material UI in the user interface to make it more user-friendly. Book Description Apart from knowing how to write frontend and backend code, a full-stack engineer has to tackle all the problems that are encountered in the application development life cycle, starting from a simple idea to UI design, the technical design, and all the way to implementing, testing, production, deployment, and monitoring. This book covers the full set of technologies that you need to know to become a full-stack web developer with Spring Boot for the backend and React for the frontend. This comprehensive guide demonstrates how to build a modern full-stack application in practice. This book will teach you how to build RESTful API endpoints and work with the data access Layer of Spring, using Hibernate as the ORM. As we move ahead, you will be introduced to the other components of Spring, such as Spring Security, which will teach you how to secure the backend. Then, we will move on to the frontend, where you will be introduced to React, a modern JavaScript library for building fast and reliable user interfaces, and its app development environment and components. You will also create a Docker container for your application. Finally, the book will lay out the best practices that underpin professional full-stack web development. What you will learn Create a RESTful web service with Spring BootUnderstand how to use React for frontend programmingGain knowledge of how to create unit tests using JUnitDiscover the techniques that go into securing the backend using Spring SecurityLearn how to use Material UI in the user interface to make it more user-friendlyCreate a React app by using the Create React App starter kit made by Facebook Who this book is for Java developers who are familiar with Spring, but have not yet built full-stack applications

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Develop efficient and modern full-stack applications using Spring Boot and React 16 Key Features: Develop resourceful backends using Spring Boot and faultless frontends using React.Explore the techniques involved in creating a full-stack app by going through a methodical approach.Learn to add CRUD functionalities and use Material UI in the user interface to make it more user-friendly. Book Description: Apart from knowing how to write frontend and backend code, a full-stack engineer has to tackle all the problems that are encountered in the application development life cycle, starting from a simple idea to UI design, the technical design, and all the way to implementing, testing, production, deployment, and monitoring. This book covers the full set of technologies that you need to know to become a full-stack web developer with Spring Boot for the backend and React for the frontend. This comprehensive guide demonstrates how to build a modern full-stack application in practice. This book will teach you how to build RESTful API endpoints and work with the data access Layer of Spring, using Hibernate as the ORM. As we move ahead, you will be introduced to the other components of Spring, such as Spring Security, which will teach you how to secure the backend. Then, we will move on to the frontend, where you will be introduced to React, a modern JavaScript library for building fast and reliable user interfaces, and its app development environment and components. You will also create a Docker container for your application. Finally, the book will lay out the best practices that underpin professional full-stack web development. What You Will Learn: Create a RESTful web service with Spring BootUnderstand how to use React for frontend programmingGain knowledge of how to create unit tests using JUnitDiscover the techniques that go into securing the backend using Spring SecurityLearn how to use Material UI in the user interface to make it more user-friendlyCreate a React app by using the Create React App starter kit made by Facebook Who this book is for: Java developers who are familiar with Spring, but have not yet built full-stack applications

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