Print

Sten Blueprints Parts Mk2 A - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. The document provides a parts list for a Sten Mk II firearm with 41 individual parts identified. It includes the name and material for each part. Additional notes provide details on specifications like barrel measurements and tolerances.

This series of wonderfully vintage Firearm Patent Prints depicts great inventions that have changed the course of hunting and defense as we know it. They're fun, educ...

US580926A - Firearm - Google Patents

Description `G. TAUscHEK Nov. 23, 1937. FIREARM Filed Nov. 23, 1953 3 Sheets-Sheet l ANN @@@QQQQQQ NNf M RH OC Ts Na E4 MT ,m S a G BY of@ a MM ATTORNEYS Nov. 23, 1937. G. TAUSCHEK FIREARM Filed Nov. 23, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 lNvEm-on $05 TA V fsw/SCHH( In!!! n l NN ww WQ G. TAUSCHEK Nov. 23, 1937. FIREARM' Filed NOV. 23, 1953 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 www t lNvENTo GugY nv ausc/El( ATTORNEYS Patented Nov. 23, 1937y UNITEDSTATES PATENT ori-lcs Gustav Tauschek, New York, Y. Application November' 23, 1933, serial No. 699,306 In AnstrlaSeptember 15, 1933 19 Claims. My invention relates to firearms, and has for its object to enable a series of successive shots to be fired with the aid of a plurality of projectiles arranged in a novel relation toeach other. In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated several forms of ammunition suitable for .use with my approved firearms, and also three typical and satisfactory forms of guns or riiies which I have devised for the firing of such ammunitlon. Figs. 1 and 3 are longitudinal sections of two forms vof such ammunition in the form of cartridges; Figs. 2 .and 4 are end views looking from the right of Figs. 1 and 3 respectively and drawn l5 upon an enlarged scale; Fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal section showing a third form of such ammunition,likewise in the form of a cartridge; Fig. 6 is a cross section on line 6-6 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a cross section of still another form of cartridge; if) Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a ysheath which I may employ in conjunction with cartridges such as shown in Figs. 1-7; Fig. 9 is a side view, with parts in longitudinal section, showing still another form of ammunition for use with my lmproved firearms; Fig. 10V is a partial longitudinal section of a rifle embodying my invention; Figs. 1l and 12 are cross sections on lines I I-Il and I2- l2 respectively of Fig. 10; Fig. 13 is a partial longitudinal section of another form of riiie embodying 30 my invention; Fig. 14 is a cross section on line I4-I4 of Fig. 13; Fig. 15 is a partial longitudinal section of a third form of rie embodying my in-4 vention; and Fig. 16 is a cross section on line IG- I6 of Fig. 15. :.5 In Figs. 1 to 7 I have shown four different examples of cartridges suitable for use in my im- -proved firearms, it being understood that I do not'wish to restrict myself thereto, but that the carridge or ammunition may be given other forms 40 or constructions. The several forms of cartridges illustrated are alike insofar as each of them comprises a shell closed at one end and open at the other, with a plurality of bullets or projectiles arranged in tandem fashion within such shell, and 4" with a charge of powder or the like between each two neighboring projectiles. Figs. 1, 3, and 5 show the neighboring projectiles in contact with each other, but this is not an essential feature. The i individual projectiles are in close (gas-tight) coni0 tact with the inner wall of the shell, so that each charge of powder or the like will be kept quite separate from the adjacent charge-or charges. In Figs. 1 and 2, the cartridge comprises a tube or shell I of thin metal closed at one end 5" by a bottom or plug 2 rigidly connected therewith in any suitable manner, as by slipping the end of the shell over said plug and then exerting pressure by means of rollers or otherwise to establish a firm. connection between said two parts. I prefer to provide said cartridge-(either the shell or 5 preferably the plug) with a'laterally projecting pin 3 which may serve as a convenient handle to grasp the cartridge during the loading of the gun or while removing the empty cartridge shell from the gun after ring. This pin 3 may also co- 10 operate with an ejector of any usual or approved construction, as referred to hereinafter in the description of the rie illustrated by Figs. 13 and 14. Within the shell I are disposed in tandem fashion the bullets or projectiles 4, here shown 15 as spherical balls. These projectiles are fitted into the shelll in a gas-tight manner, and when they are made of steel or other relatively hard material, I prefer to make the shell of softer and more compressible material, for instance copper, so as tc produce more readily a gas-tight jointl between the peripheries of the projectiles 4 and the surrounding cylindrical wall of the cartridge. As i1.- lustrated, the innermost projectile 4 engages the bottom or plug 2, and adjacent projectiles are in contact with each other; however, as stated above, such engagement and contact are not essential, although I prefer such arrangement of the projectiles, as it facilitates the proper spacing of the bullets within the cartridge and also offers other advantages, as explained hereinafter. Each of the spaces between adjacent projectiles 4, as well as the space between'the plug 2 and the adjacent bullet, contains a charge 5 which in this particular case consists of a mixture of a detonator and a propelling powder, so that such mixture can be set off by a powerful blo'w delivered locally against the outer surface of the shell I, preferably at av point about .midway between the ends of the space or chamber containing such charge. 40 The cartridge shown in Figs. 3 and 4 has a shell I I' made of pasteboard or like material and having interior and exterior linings L and L'. respectivelyof oiled paper or other suitable material. The metallic bottom plug 2 is provided with the 45 lateral pin or projection 3 and also has at its exposed end an outwardly extending flange 2 against which abuts the adjacent end of the shell I'. These parts are connected rigidly in any suitable manner, for instance by means of a metal sleeve or ferrule 6 clamping the end of the shell around' the bottom plug 2.'. The bullets 4, of the same form as in Figs. 1 and 2, are shown in contact with each other, the last or innermost bullet engagingV the bottom plug 2'. Each of the spaces 55 between adjacent bullets, as well as the space betweenthe plug 2' and the innermost bullet, contains a charge 1, which in this case is not a mixture of a propelling powder with a detonator, but is exclusively a propelling charge. Separate detonating charges 8 are located in perforations of the shell I', said perforations and the charges 8 lying in the same longitudinal plane and being equally spaced, each charge 8 being preferably about midway of the length of the respective propelling charge 1. The detonating charges 8 are held in place by the linings L', L". The lining L also has the function of insuring a gas-tight joint at the peripheries of the bullets. With the construction described above, relatively small chambers are left between the contacting bullets 4, owing to the spherical shape of these projectiles. When it is desired to provide greater propelling charges, I may give the projectiles an elongated shape, for instance as shown in Fig. 5. These projectiles have a preferably blunt-nosed body 4 witha. rearwardlyextending central spur or stem 4*, the end of which is preferably in contact with the adjacent body 4' or (in the casefof the rlast projectile) with the bottom plug 2 of the cartridge. 'I'he chambers containing the propelling charges 'I' may thus be made considerably larger than when employing spherical bullets in contact with each other. I have shown the shell I" thickened on one side, the chamber or bore which receives the projectiles and the propelling charges being eccentric to the outer surface oi the shell I", as lshown best in Fig. 6. yIn this thickened portion I place the detonatng charges which may be in the nature of detonating caps 8' of usual type, it being understood that the' shell is provided with perforations or recesses to receive these caps. As in Figs. 3 and 4, the detonating charges lie in the same longitudinal plane andr are evenly spaced, each detonating charge 8' being in proper co-operative relation to the corresponding propelling charge 'I'. In order to obtain a tight it at the peripherles of the projectile bodies 4', I might provide the shell I" with an inner lining such as described above in connection with Figs. 1 to 4, especially if such shell should be made of pasteboard or like material. Instead of this, I might employ the construction shown in Fig. 5, where the projectile body is illustrated as composed of a core 4b integral with the s pur or stern 4', and of a jacket pr sleeve 4 surrounding said body and fitted against a shoulder 4d thereof. I'he parts 4a, 4b, 4d would be made of hard metal, and the jacket 4 of relatively soft metal, so as to secure a gas-tight joint at the inner surface of the shell I", particularly if the latter is made of hard metal. Instead of employing the eccentric arrangement described in connection with Figs. 5 and 6 in order to obtain a one-sided thickening of the cartridge shell, Il might, as shown in Fig. "l, make the shell Il of uniform thickness throughout the major portion of its circumference, and form it with a thickened longitudinal portion or rib Ib at the side where the detonating charges or caps 8' are located, the construction in other respects being of the same character as described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6. In order that cartridges of the types shown in Figs. 1 to 7, especially when their shells are made of pasteboard or of thin metal, may be protected, during storage or handling, against accidental knocks or blows, particularly such as might cause an explosion of the cartridge, I prefer to encase the individual cartridges, up to the time of their use, in protective sheaths or sleeves, for instance such as shown in Fig. 8. Such a sheath may consist of a piece of sheet metal 9 bent to the form of a cylindrical tube of proper diameter to receive one of the cartridges, the longitudinal edges of such piece being spaced so as tovleave a longitudinal slot il through which the vpin 3 of the cartridge may project. The projecting end of ythis pin constitutes a handle with the aid of which the cartridge may conveniently be slipped forwardly out of the protective sheath into the cartridge chamber at the end of the gun barrel, in the act of loading the gun. The ammunition shown in Figs. 1 to 'l consists of cartridges each of which contains a plurality of projectiles in tandem arrangement and a corresponding number of charges. yIn Fig. 9 I have illustrated another form of ammunition employing a plurality of projectiles in tandem arrangement, with individual charges, but without placing them within the same shell. This ammunition comprises a plurality of projectiles connected with each other at their adjacent ends so as to form a unit which may be loaded into a gun. or rifle in the manner set forth hereinafter with reference to Figs 15 and 16.r Each of the projectiles has at its front end a nose 4 of smaller diameter than the body if of the projectile. This body is of cylindrical tubular character, and its rear end is crimped or otherwise fashioned to t tightly around the nose 4 of the next projectile. The nose is'preferably ball-shaped, and the connection between adjacent projectiles may be perfectly rigid, so that together they will form al straight rod, or a rslight looseness may be provided at the connection, insuiilcient to impair its gas-tight character, yet Igiving the flexibility of a ball-and-socket joint so that the series or string of projectiles maybe bent or even coiled, which would facilitate storage and shipment and also ai'ford advantages when such string is used in a gun, as explained below. The body 4f is preferably made with two annular nicks or constrictions 4f, between which is located the propelling charge 1', preferably with the interpositlon of a retaining disk 'I" of cardboard or other suitable material generally in contact with the head or nose 4e of the adjacent projectile. In the forward portion of the body, between the propelling charge 'l' and the nose, is disposed a substantially conical holder I0 having an annular channel I0 containing the annular detonating charge 8', so that such charge will be exploded by a blow directed against any point of the outer periphery of the body 4f, in the transverse plane containing said detonating charge 8. The holder I0 is also provided with one or more longitudinal channels I3" extending from the annular channel I0' to and through the nose 4', the latter having a central opening I0l communicating with said longitudinal channel or channels IB". At its rear end. the holder I 0 has a cylindrical portion Ib in tight engagement with the body 4f and forming a gas-tight barrier between the detonating charge 8' and the propelling charge 1' located in the same body 4f. It will be understood that in manufacturing such a series or string of projectiles, a projectile would first be empty, open at the rear end of the body, and uncrimped at such end. T'he holder III, with -the detonating charge 8' would vthen be introduced through the open rear end o f the body controlled by such movement of the barrel. constriction 4g and the elastic ball socket, and then forcing the nose of the rear projectile into such socketed rear end of the front projectile. In Figs. 1-0, 11 and 12 I have illustrated a' cartridge of the type shown in Figs. 3 and'4, in conjunction with a repeating gun or rifle having a barrel movable relatively to the stock during and immediately after the recoil, and mechanism The barrel I I is provided at the breech with a chamber I Ia of proper size to receive one of the cartridges and also with a longitudinal slot IIb, open at the rear end, adapted to receive the pin 3. At vI2 I have indicated a breech block, which may At its lower. be of any suitable construction. portion, the 4barrel II is provided with a longitudinal series of equidistant openings II, their spacing corresponding to that of the several projectiles (or rather charges)` of the cartridge. The barrel II together with the breech block l2 and .associated parts is movable lengthwise of the The stock is formed with a chamber I3' in which a slide I5 is suitably guided for rectilinear movement parallel to the barrel axis. The slide is provided at its front and its rear ends with feet I5 which engage the guldeway formed on the lower wall of the chamber I3; the top of the slide is guided along the bottom of the barrel- II. The top of the slide also constitutes means for making a tight joint with the surface of the barrel at the lower ends of the openings II, which is of particular importance when the cartridge has an outer lining L of paper or the like and there is danger of gases escaping into the chamber I3. On the slide I5 is pivotally mounted at I6 a hammer I1 formed with a firing pin I1 in such a position that longitudinal movement of the slide will bring such pin successively into operative relation to the several firing openings IIC. To the slide I5 is further pivoted, at I8, a sear I9 adapted for a locking engagement with the hammer I1 by means of a hook or pawl I9' on the sear fitting against a corresponding shoulder on the hammer. The forward face of the firing pin is as nearly as possible perpondicthe seaz into locking engagement with the hammer I1 and to hold the lower end of the sear against a longitudinal trigger bar,2'| extending rearwardly from the trigger 2l which is pivoted to the stock I3 at 22. The trigger is under the influence of a spring 23 which also bears against a pawl 24 pivoted on the stock at 25 and adapted to project into notches I5" arranged at the lower portion of the slide I5. There are as many of these notches as the cartridge contains projectiles, and the arrangement of the notches I5" corresponds to that of the firing openings IIC, that is to say, the notches form a series or rack extending lengthwise of the rie, and the distance between adjacent notches is the same as the distance between adjacent firing openings. A spring 26 tends to push the slide I5 forwardly, the pawl 24'normally. holding the slide against such movement. The trigger bar 2|' is provided at its rear end with a rearwardly facing hook 2|", located adjacent to, but normally out of operative engagement with, a forwardly facing hook 21 on a rod or bar 21 which extends lengthwise of the rifle. The forward end of the rod 21 extends close to the lower end of the pawl 24, but in the normal position, shown in Fig. 10, 'the bar permits said pawl to move freely as its upper end slides from one'notch of the slide to another in the manner set forth below. The rear end of the rod 21 is pivotally connected at 21" with a lever 28 fulcrumed on the stock I3 at 29, a spring 30 exerting a forward pressure on -the lower portion of said lever.l The upper end 28' of the lever 28 extends into anopening of the stock, and is adapted to be projected upwardly through said opening under certain conditions as explained below; normally, however, said opening is covered by the reech block I2 as indicatedin Fig. 10, so as to prevent such upward movement or projection cf the lever end 28. The rifle illustrated by Figs. 10, 11 and 12 has its cartridge chamber Ila formed to receive cartridges of the type illustrated by Figs. 3 and 4. The pin 3 in this case also has the function of insuring a proper positioning of the cartridge so that its detonating charges 8 will be in registry with the firing openings IIc when the cartridge is in position. The drawings show the rifle loaded, the hammer cocked and the entire mechanism in readiness for the first shot. Upon pulling back the trigger 2|, the trigger bar 2l' is raised and thus swings the searl I9 contraclockwise on its fulcrum I8 so that the hook or pawl I9 will release the hammer I1. Under the influence of the spring 20, the hammer swings upwardly on its fulcrum I6, whereby the firing lpin I'I' is thrown upwardly through the rst of the firing openings IIc and against the i'lrst detonating charge 8. This will set o the rst propelling charge 1, which is located between the rst two projectiles 4, and the foremost projectile will be expelled from the barrel I I. Preferably, as I have stated hereinbefore, the projectiles are in contact with each other, and the rearmost projectile is in contact with the bottom plug 2' so that the second projectile will be held positively against any rearward movement in the cartridge when the rst charge is fired. The recoil lcauses the barrel II together .with the breech block I2 to move toward the left in Fig. 10. Simultaneously, since the ring pin I1 is in the first firing hole I Ic, and since these parts engage each other along the vertical surfaces which are perpendicular to the movement of the barrel, the hammer I1 is carried along by the barrel during its recoil, together with the slide I5. Since the extent of the recoil is exactly equal to the distance between two adjacent firing openings IIc and also to the distance between two adjacent notches I5, the pawl 24, which yields downwardly as the slide I5 moves toward the left, will at the end of therecoil. movement drop into the second notch I5". The spring 26 is, of course, compressed by the movement of the slide I5 during the recoil, but can not return the slide to itsoriginal position, since such slide is held by the pawl 24 in engagement with the second notch I5. Under the inuence of the spring I4, the barrel as well` as the breech block and the parts connected therewith are then thrown forward into-their original position, but the slide I5, being held by the pawl 24, remains in its new position, one step farther to the left than originally, and the firing pin I1 is therefore now in position to explode the second charge of the cartridge. During the forward movement of the barrel under the inuence of the spring I4,the inclined rear face of the firing opening I Ic in which the ring pin Iis at that time, acts on the correspondingly inclined rear face of the firing pin and depresses the latter so as to clear the path of the barrel and at the same time put the spring 20 under tension. If the person has released the trigger 2I immediately after pulling it, the hammer I 1, at the end of its downward movement, will be caught by the sear I9, these parts therefore again assuming the relative position shown in Fig. 10. It will, of course, be understood that the lower portion of the hammer I1 and the upper portion of the Sear, at the hook or pawl I9", are so fashioned that the sear will yield as the lower end of the hammer passes from above the hook I9' to` below the same. Under the lconditions just described, a single shot will be red and the parts will then be in the same position as shown in Fig. 10 except that the slide I5 and the hammer I1 will be one step to the left. If instead of releasing the trigger immediately after pulling it, the person keeps the trigger depressed, then, as the barrel is thrown forward by the spring I4 after the firing of the first shot, the sear I9 willnot be in position to catch and hold the hammer I1, and as a result thereof, the hammer, after having been thrown downwardly so as to compress the spring 20, will at once again be thrown upwardly by the spring, to bring theiring pin I1' against the second detonating charge 8, thereby exploding the second propelling charge and causing the second bullet to be fired from the rifle. Thus, as long as the trigger 2i is kept retracted, the riiie will act as a repeating rie, firing one shot after another, the slide I5 travelling one step to the left between each two successive shots so as to bring the hammer I1 successively into the several firing positions. After the last recoil, the hammer will be in the position illustrated in dotted lines and the ring pin will be in registry with a solid surface of the barrel, that is to say, beyond the last ring opening IIc to the left. The slide I5 will be in the position in which its last notch I5" at the right will be engaged by the pawl 24.' Thus, the spring 26 will'be fully compressed and ready to restore the slide I5 to the initial position whenever released from the holding action of said pawl. The hammer will be caught by the sear I9 as soon as the person releases the trigger 2l. The breech of the rifle is then opened by manipulating the breech block I2 in any well known or approved manner, vwhereby such' breech block will be .carried rearwardly `(to the left in Fig. 10) until its forward end uncovers the opening of the stock into which the upper end 28 of the lever 28 extends. As soon as thev breech block I2 no longer engages said lever end 28', the spring 30 will throw the lever 2B contra- 'clockwise, whereby the forward end of the rod 21 will be caused to engage the lower arm of the pawl 24 and swing the latter contraclockwise out of engagement with the slide I5. The latter will then be thrown toward the right by the spring 26 and will thus be brought back to the original position shown in Fig. 10. It will be understood that while the breech of the rifle is open, the spent cartridge is extracted from the barrel and a new cartridge inserted. Then the breech block is again brought to its normal position which causes the lever 28 to swing clockwise and the rod 21 to move away from the pawl 24 sol that the latter, under the influence of the spring 23, is thrown upwardly into engagement with the first notch of the slide I5, as in Fig. 10. Since the insertion of a new cartridge into the cartridge chamber of the barrel takes place while the breech of the rie is open, there is some danger of premature firing, for instance if the trigger should be pulled after the cartridge has been inserted, but before the breech has been closed. To guard against this possibility, I have provided the hooks 2|" and 2 1. Normally, that is to say, when the breech block is in the closed position, these hooks are separated from each other and have no function. When, however, the breech block is moved rearwardly and the lever 28 swings contraclockwise under the infiuence of the spring 30, the forward movement of the rod 21 brings the hook 21 into locking engagement with the hook 2| so as to prevent any accidental movement of the trigger and t provide a safety lock therefor during all the time that the breech of the rifle is open. As soon as the breech block again reaches its closing position, the hook 21 moves rearwardly to disengage the hook 2I" and thus leave the trigger free for normal operation. While Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show the rie charnbered to receive cartridges of the specific type shown in Figs. 3 and 4, it will be understood that only a very slight change is required in the cham-- bering of the rifle barrel to adapt it for the re- -ception of cartridges such as shown in Figs. l and 2 or of cartridges of the type shown inI Figs. 5, 6 and 7. It will be understood that in each case the spacing of the ring openings inthe barrel would correspond to the spacing of the .notches on the slide I and also to the spacing of the charges in the cartridge. In the case of cartridges such as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the pin 3 would not be required to give the cartridge vany denite circumferential position in the barrel, because the cartridge charge would be exploded by a blow against any point of its periphery between two projectiles, since in this particular case the 'detonating agent is distributed uniformly within the entire charge, instead of being located at a definite point of the periphery as in the cartridges shown in Figs. 3 to 7.' In Figs. 13 and 14 I have shown a rifle having the barrel I I the cartridge chamber I Ie of which is fashioned to receive a cartridge having a shell of the type shown in Figs. 5 and 6, while the arrangement oi.' projectiles and charges is of the character shown in Figs. 3 and 4. It will be noted that the cartridge chamber IIe of the barrel is eccentric so that the bore of the cartridge will be in axial alignment with the bore of the barrel. In this form the barrel is stationary relatively to the stock Il, that is to say, this form of my invention does not contain any recoil operated mechanism. In addition to the firing openings IId of the same character as in Fig. 10,` the barrel is provided with a recess IIf located in advance of the foremost firing opening the cartridge. Hd, at a distance therefrom corresponding to the spacing of the firing openings. The breech block I2 may be of any customary or approved construction and I have also indicated at E-an ejector of any approved type which is adapted to co-operate with the flange Aat the rear end of The hammer I'I" is fulcrumed at I6 on the slide I5 which has feet I5' and notches I" substantially as in the construction shown in Fig. 10. The hammer carries a ring pin IIa which a spring tends to project into the ring position. Furthermore, the hammer has a lateral projection Hb adapted to co-operate with the teeth of a stationary rack 3i. The forward faces of these teeth are inclined, while their rear faces are approximately vertical, or more accurately speaking, slightly curved to correspond to the path of the projection Ilb. The hammer is also provided with a handle I1 projecting outwardly. The notches I5 of the slide are adapted to receive the pawl-like end 24' ci the trigger 2 I." provided with a longitudinal slot 2I through whichextends the stationary fulcrum pin 22. The spring 23' tends to pull the trigger -into the position illustrated, in which the pin 22 is at the rear end of the slot 2la and in which the pawllike end 2d is clear of the notches I5". The operation of this form of my rie is as follows: Fig. 13 shows the initial position of the parts, before the trigger is pulled for the first shot. Upon retracting the trigger 2l", it rst swings on the pin 22 so as to raise the end 2d into the rst notch at the extreme left of the slide I5. 'I'he trigger and the slide thus become` locked for movement in unison'. Further retraction of the trigger will therefore not only pull the trigger backward causing it to slide along the pin 22 to the extent permitted by the slot ZI, which is horizontal during this sliding movement, but the slide I5 will share in this rearward movement of the trigger. The length'ofthe slot 2I is so proportioned as to give the slide I5 a longitudinal motion corresponding exactly to the spacing of the firing openings IId and of the notches I5". As the slide I5 moves to the rear, the inclined forward face ofthe iirst tooth of the stationary rack 3l will by its co-operation be exploded to fire the' first projectile of the car tridge. In this form of my invention, a separate pull on the trigger is required for the iiring oi each shot. Upon the release of the trigger, the slide I5 and the hammer Il" will remain in their new position, that is to say, with the firing pin in operative relation to the rst firing hole. the lateral projectionl i'Ib, by its co-operation with the rack SI, holding the parts in this position. The trigger 2i" upon being released will be pulled forwardly by its spring 23" so that the pawl-like end 2d' oi' the trigger will come into registry with the second notch I5 from the left. Upon then again pulling the trigger rearwardly it will cause the slide I5 to be moved another step to the left, thereby bringing about the firing ofthe second projectile. By a repetition of these operations, the projectiles will be iired in succession. After the ring'oi' the last projectile the slide I5 and the parts connected therewith will be brought back manually to the position illustrated, the handle I'I being used `to swing the hammer I'I"'downward'unti1 the projectiongllb is clear of the rack 3 I. In this construction, the barrel has no longitudinal slot such as the slot IIb of Figs. 1 0 and 12, since cartridges of the type shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are provided, at the lower portion of the ange 2e, with a fiat ywhich in conjunctionwith a corresponding surface of the cartridge chamber serves to position vthe cartridge properly, the lateral pin 3 or 3 being crumed on the barrel at 32 and pressed inwardly by a spring 33. Instead of a single holding pawl 32. I may employ a plurality of them, for instance three at 90 from each other, as indicated in'Fig. l5. In the position illustrated-apother pawl 34 is arranged opposite to the upper pawl 32. This pawl 34 ispivoted at Si' uponV an arm 35 fulcrummed on the stock I3" at 35'. A spring 36 tends to throw the pawl 3d toward the upper pawl 32. `With the barrel is connected a longitudinal rod IIS suitably guided in the stock I3" and surrounded by the spring Iii the function of which is to restore the barrel 4to its forward position after the recoil. With the arm 35 is pivotally connected at 35" a link 3l fulcrumed at 3l on a bracket integral with the barrel II". The firing pin IId is located in a proper position to register with the detonating charge 8' when the rear end of a projectile is in engagement with the front ends of the pawls 32 and 3d as illustrated in Fig. 15. This tiring pin s preferably spring pressed as indicated so that it will have a tendency to move away from the bore of the barrel. yThe hammer I'Ie is fulcrurned at I6" on the stocky I3" and is under the influence of a spring 2@ tending to throw' it against the ring pin IId. The hammer is also provided with a lateral projection IIf which in the position illustrated co-operates with the front end of the trigger bar 2lc to hold the hammer in the position in which the spring 2@ is under full tension. The trigger 2 ib is pivoted at 22, and a spring 3Q tends to throw it into the position illustrated, where the trigger arm 2I engages a stop pin 39. The lateral projection I'If isalso adapted to co-operate with the pawl II@ fulcrumed on the barrel at Ml' and pulled into the lower position illustrated, by means of a spring di. As it may be desirable to prevent accidental firing of the riiie, I have indicated at d2 a safety catch of the eccentric type which can be turned manually either to a position where the trigger bar l is held locked against the stop pin 3Q, or into a position where the trigger and trigger bar are free for the operation of the rie. Fig. l5 shows the string oi projectiles in proper position for the firing of the rst shot. It will be noted that in this position the pawis 32 and 36 engage the rear end of the second projectile, and the firing pin Iid is in registry with the detonating charge contained in the'second projectile. pulling the trigger 2lb, the trigger bar 2I will be depressed so as to clear the hammer projection Iif and release the hammer, which under the inuence of the spring'20 will be thrown against the firing pin l'ld exploding the detonating charge 8 contained in the second projectile. Through the channel or channels I and the opening illa the hot gases produced by the detonation of this charge will reach the propelling charge l of the projectile ahead, that is the iirst projectile in this case. This charge will be set off and the first projectile will be red from the rifle, the rear end of such projectile being sufriciently elastic to pull it clear of the' nose of the second projectile, the latter remaining stationary as any rearward movement of the second projectile relatively to the barrel is prevented by the pawls 32 and 34. The second projectile fits tightly into the opening at the rear end of the barrel, and constitutes a breech closure which the paw-l or pawls 32 prevent from moving rearwardly' in .relationto the barrel. The barrel then recoils, carrying with it the string of projectiles as well as the pawl 32 which remains in engagement with the rear end of the second projectile. At the same time the link 3l is carried back by the recoiling barrel, and swings the arm 35 on its fulcrum 35'. As the pivot 34 of the pawl 34 is at a considerably greater distance from the fulcrum 35 than the pivotal connection 35 of the link i'l, the pawl 34 is carried back considerably farther than the extent of the recoil, and slides rearwardly over and beyond the third projectile as the latter moves with the recoiling barrel. At the end of the recoil the pawl 34 has been carried to the left of the rear end of the third projectile. 'When then the barrel moves forward under the influence of the spring I4', the pawl Sil, being in engagement with the rear end of the third projectile, moves such propectile forwardly, together with all the projectiles connected therewith, the pawl 32 yielding to permit such movement and dropping into position behind the rear end of the third projectile as soon as the forward movement of the barrel has been completed, when the parts will have resumed the position shown in Fig. 15, except that the pawls 32, 34 will now engage the rear end of the third projectile, the string of projectiles having been advanced relatively to the barrel by the distance of one projectile. This successive feed of the projectiles occurs after each shot. During the recoil of the barrel the pawl 43 is carried along until its forward end passes from a position in irontv of the hammer projection I'lf, to a position in the rear thereof, the inclined face at the end of the pawl 40, and the spring 4l permitting the pawl to yield as it passes over the projection l'lf. When ,the barrel is thrown forward by the spring I4', the forward end of lthe pawl 40, which is preferably substantially perpendicular to the movement of the barrel, engages the rear face of the projection Ilt and thus swings the hammer We back slightly beyond the position shown in Fig. 15, the trigger bar 2 Ie rising to the position illustrated so as to lock the hammer, if the trigger has been released. If, however, the trigger has not been released, but is kept retracted, the hammer will not be locked by the trigger bar, but upon the pawl 40 at the end or its forward movement clearing the upper edge of the projection vl 1f, the hammer will at once be thrown against the ring pin Hd, and as long as the trigger is held depressed, one projectile will be fired after another in rapid succession until the last projectile but one has been i'lred. At the end of this operation, there will be no further feed of the string of projectiles. because the pawl 34 when moved backward will. find no projectile to advance. The last projectile will thus be left in a position corresponding to that of the second projectile shown in Fig. 15. When the next string or chain of projectiles is introduced into the rifle, the nose of the first projectile of the new string will be forced into the elastic socket at the rear end of the last projectile of the preceding string, and thus said last projectile will be connected with the new chain or string of projectiles. The gunner will by hand feed the new chain of projectiles forwardly, until the projectile left over from. the previous string of projectiles is in the position of the front projectile shown in Fig. 15. Instead of this, firing may be stopped (by releasing the trigger 2l) before the last projectile has entered the rie, so that the rst projectile of the new chain will be connected with the last projectile of the preceding chain while said last projectile is exposed and readily accessible for manipulation. Firing may then be resumed in the same manner as de-v additional cartridges'of the type herein set forth to be fed to the firing position successively by mechanism of a type well known in the art in connection with repeating or magazine rias. While I have illustrated mechanical firing mechanisms, I desire it to be understood that other kinds of ring mechanisms may be employed, particularly electrical ring mechanisms of any well known or -approved type. y While I have described and illustrated my invention as applied to rifles, it will be obvious that it may be used in connection with other firearms, for instance other small arms such as pistols and carbines, or larger arms such as machine guns, or even cannon or other ordnance. When employing cartridges containing a plurality of projectiles and separate charges, as in Figs. 1 to 7, 10, and 13, lI prefer to graduate the amount of power of the charges, the charge for the front projectile being the largest or strongest, and the other charges decreasing progressively to the last charge (the one at the rear end of the cartridge). The purpose is to insure correct and uniform trajectories for all the projectiles notwithstanding the fact that the front projectiles have to travel a shorter distance before leaving the rie than the rear projectiles. I claim: 1. A iirearm comprising a stock, a recoil barrel movable lengthwise of said stock, means holding a plurality of projectiles in tandem on the .longitudinal axis of the barrel, ring mechanism, projectiles. 2. A rearm comprising a stock, a recoil barrel movable lengthwise of said stock and having a plurality of ring points at different distances from the end of the barrel, said barrel being adapted to'receive a cartridge containing a plurality of projectiles and charges spaced to register with said firing points, Afiring mechanism movable lengthwise of the stock into operative relation with the several iiring points of the barrel, and means, operated bythe longitudinal l movement of the barrel relatively to the stock, for bringing said ring mechanism into operative relation with successive firing points of the barrel as successive shots are fired. 3. A rearm comprising a stock, a recoil barrel movable lengthwise of said stock and having a plurality of firing points at dierent distances from the end of the barrel, said barrel being adapted to receive a cartridge containing a plurality of projectiles and charges spaced to register vwith said firing points, a slide movable successive ring points of the barrel as succes-- sive shots are fired. 4. A lirearm comprising a stock, la recoil barrel movable lengthwise of said stock and having a plurality of ring points at different distances from the end of the barrel, said barrel being adapted to receive a cartridge containing a plurality of projectiles and charges spaced to register with said ring points, a slide movable lengthwise of the stock, a spring urging said slide to travel in one direction, holding means for normally preventing movement of said slide in the said direction, firing mechanism carried by said slide and including a iiring pin which in the lir- 'ing position and during the recoil of the barrel engages the barrel at one of its firing points to couple the barrel and the slide for movement in 'unison during the recoil and put said `spring adapted to receive a cartridge containing a pluunder tension, means whereby during the forward movement of the barrel following the recoil the firing mechanism and the slide will be uncoupled from the barrel -so that such forward movement will bring the next firing point of the barrel into operative relation with the firing mechanism,'and means for releasing the slide from said holding means to permit the spring to restore the slide to its original position. . 5. A firearm comprising a stock, a recoil barrel movable lengthwise of said stock and having a plurality of tiring points at dierent distances from the end of the barrel, .said barrel being adapted to receive a cartridge containing a plurality of projectiles and charges spaced to register with said ring points, a slide movable lengthwise of the stock, a spring urging said slide to travel in one direction, holding means for rior-A mally preventing movement of said slide in the said direction, firing mechanism carried by vsaid slide, means for causing the recoil of the barrel to carry the firing mechanism and the slide into rality of projectiles and charges spaced to register with said firing points, a breech block movable to open or close the breech of said barrel, a slide movable lengthwise of the stock, a spring urging said slide to travel in one direction, holding means for. normally preventing movement of said slide in .the said direction, firing mechanism carried by said slide, means for causing the recoil of the barrel to carry the ring'mechanism and the slide into operative relation with successive firing points of the barrel as successive shots are fired, and'simultaneously to put said spring under tension, and means, controlled by the movement of the breech block to the breech-opening position, for releasing the slide from said holding means to permit the spring to restore the slide to its original position. 7. A rearrn comprising a stock, arecoil barrel movable lengthwise of said stock and having a plurality of firing points at diierent distances from the end of the barrel, said barrel being adapted to receive a cartridge containing a plurality of projectiles and charges spaced to register with said ring points, a breech block movable to open or close the breech of said barrel, ring mechanism movable lengthwise of the stock info operative relation with the several firing points of the barrel, means, operated by the 1ongitudinal movement of the barrel relatively to the stock, for bringing said firing mechanism into operative relation with successive firing points of the barrel as successive shots are red, a trigger. controlling said firing mechanism, and. safety means, controlled bythe movement of the breech block to the breech-opening position, for locking said trigger against accidental operation.v 8. A firearm comprising a barrel having a plurality of iiring points at diierent distances from its end, ring mechanism including a hammer adapted' by its striking action to explcdedetonating charges at the several iiring points individually, said hammer being movable lengthwise of the barrel into operative relation with the several firing points thereof, and a trigger movable bodily lengthwise of the barrel and having means to carry the hammer along with the trigger in such bodily lengthwise movement into operative relation with a dierent firing point of the barrel at each successive operation of the trigger. 9. A firearm comprising a stock, a barrel carried by said stock and having a plurality of firing points at different distances from the end of the barrel, a slide movable lengthwise of the stock and barrel, mechanism including a hammer adapted by its strikingv action to explode detonating charges'at the several rlng points individually, said hammer being mounted on said slide and adapted to be carried by the movement thereof into operative relation with the several firing points of the barrel, means for causing said hammer to operate during the movement of .the slide, and a trigger movable bodily lengthwise of the stock and barrel and having means to engage said slide and shift the same in unison with such bodily lengthwise movement of the trigger to carry the hammer into operative relation with a diierent firing point of the barrel at each successive operation of the trigger. 10. A rearm comprising a stock, a recoil barrel movable lengthwise of the stock, means holding a plurality of connected projectiles in tandem on the longitudinal' axis of the barrel, firing mechanism, and means, operated by the longitudinal movement' of the barrel, for feeding the connected projectiles forwardly in the barrel t0 bring successive projectiles into operative relation ,to the ring mechanism as successive shots are fired. 11. A rearm comprising a stock, a recoil barrel movable lengthwise of the stockand adapted to receive a plurality of projectiles and charges connected in tandem fashion, ring mechanism, holding mechanism mounted on the barrel and constructed to prevent rearward movement of the projectiles relatively to the barrel While permitting forward movement of the projectiles, and feed mechanism movably mounted on the stock and operatively connected with the barrel, and engaging the connected projectiles, the operative connection of the feed mechanism with the barrel being so constructed that during the recoil of the barrel said feed mechanism will sweep rearwardly along the connected projectiles, at least the distance of one projectile length, to engage another projectile, While during the succeeding return of the barrel to itsnormal position the feed mechanism will feed the connected projectiles one projectile length forward relatively to the barrel. 12. A firearm comprising a barrel having a breech open rearwardly, means holding a plurality of connected projectiles and charges in tandem on the longitudinal axis of the barrel, means for holding one of said projectiles in a position in which it closes the breech of the barrel, and means for feeding the connected projectiles forwardly in the barrel to bring successive projectiles into firing position as successive shots are red. 13. A firearm comprising a barrel adapted to receive a plurality of projectiles and charges connected in tandem fashion, means for holding'one .of said projectilesin a position in which it closes the breech of the barrel, and means, operated Vautomatically every time a shot is i'lred, for feeding the connected projectiles forwardly in the lbarrel to bring successive projectiles into ring position as successive shots are fired. 14. A firearm comprising a barrel having a breech open rearwardly, means holding a plurality of projectiles in tandem on the longitudinal axis of the barrel, means for holding one of said projectiles in a position in which it closes the breech of the barrel, and means for feeding the said projectiles in unison forwardly in the barrel to bring successive projectiles into ring position. 15. A firearm comprising a barrel having a breech open rearwardly,v means holding a plurality of projectiles in tandem on the longitudinal axis of the barrel, means for holding one of said projectiles in a position in which it closes the breech of the barrel, and means, operated automatically every time a shot is red, for feeding the said projectiles in unison forwardly in the barrel to bring successive projectiles into firing position. 16. A rearm comprising a barrel having a breech open rearwardly, means holding a plurality of projectiles in tandem on the longitudinal axis of the barrel, means for holding one of said projectiles in a position in which it closes the breech of the barrel, and means for feeding the said projectiles in unison axially through the open breech of the barrel to bring successive projectiles into ring position. 17. A rearm comprising a barrel having a plurality of firing points at different distances from the end of the barrel, said barrel being adapted to receive a cartridge containing a plurality of projectiles and charges spaced to register with said firing points, ring mechanism movable lengthwise into operative relation with the several firing points of the barrel, and means, operated by the discharge of the rearm, for bringing said firing mechanism into operative relation with successive iring points of the barrel as successive shots are red. 18. A firearm comprising a barrel, means holding a plurality of projectiles in tandem on the longitudinal axis of the barrel, ring mechanism including a single firing pin, means for effecting relative lengthwise movement to establish vsuccessively an operative relation between the said firing pin and the several projectiles, and means for causing the several projectiles to be red successively by the same ring pin as the latter is in operative relation with the respective individual projectiles. 19. A rearm comprising a barrel, means holding a plurality of projectiles in tandem on the longitudinal axis of the barrel, ring mechanism including a single ring pin, and means for effecting relative lengthwise movement to establish successively an operative relation between the said firing pin and the several projectiles. GUSTAV TAUSCHEK.

A few questions puzzle nimrods and veteran shooters alike.

No matter what you're hunting for, who you're hunting with, or where you're hunting – please always remember the four main rules of firearm safety, otherwise known as TABK: - Treat every firearm as if it was loaded. - Always point the muzzle in a safe direction. - Be certain of your target, what is before and beyond it. - Keep your finger outside the trigger guard until ready to shoot.

Description y UNITED STATES JOHN D.` PEDERSE'N, OF JACKSON, WYOMING. FIREARM. J Speccation of Letters Patent. 4Patented ov. 1, 1921. original application filed July 3o, 1915, serial No. 42,774. RenewedA July 17, 1919, serial No. 311,689. ' Divided and this application filed December 11, 1919. K Serial No. 344,027. T 0 a-ZZ lwhom t may concer/17,.' Be it known that I, JOHN D. PEDERSEN, a citizen of the United States, residing in Jackson, in the county of Lincoln and State of Vyoming, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Firearms, of whichl the following is a specification. cludes the auto-loading pistols llalvingl a frame or receiver, and a grip-stock, or handle portion, wllich is adapted to receive a firing mechanism and a safety device which is operable by hand grip or compression. An improved auto-loading istol of Athis kind is described in my Patent o. 1,348,733, dated August 3, 1920,- and granted on my 'co-pending application (renewal) Serial No. 311,689, sled Julylth, 1919, andthe improvements herein described and claimed are also illustrated in my' said patent, but are not specifically claimed therein. Therefore for convenience of illustration,` I have herein shown my presentimprovements as arranged and applied to the particular kind of auto-loading pistol which is illustrated in the drawings of said patent, `to "which reference may be had, and. which pistol isr provided with a sliding breech action.v l A feature of my lirin'g mechanism and grip-safety device is that it is a tiring mechanism and grip-safety device arranged to prevent discharge of the firearm bylocking the firing-member or hammer and the searmember of the firing mechanism in firing position, and also locking the sliding breech action of the firearm to prevent effective contact between the firing-pin and cartridge. Another featule of my invention is that the firing mechanism comprises a tiringmember or hammer which has a relatively sliding movement instead of an oscillating movement, and which firing member or hammer does .not contact directly witll the irlng-pln, but engages or actuates a'lever wlllch contacts with the firing-pin of the irearm. Y Anotherfeature of my invention is that it is provided with what I term a resisting and retracting member which is arranged adjacent to the sear' member of the tiring mechanism, one purpose of which is to move downward or retract a slidable member or controller wllen the tiring-member or llammer is moved fromfiring position to tired' position, which slidable member or controller is in upward position when the firingmember or hammer is in firing position and thus locks the sliding breech action of the firearm the slidable member or controller being held in sllcll upward or-locking posi- -tion by the grip-safety portion of my iny vention; anda second purpose of such resisting and retracting member is to engage said slidable lmember or controller and at the same time to engage said firing-member or hammer, when the slidable member or controller is in such upward or locking nosition, and thereby to resist or prevent movement of the firing-member or hammer from firing position to lired position. In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate all embodiment of my firing mechanism and grip-safety device: Figure 1, is a side elevation, partly broken away, of a pistol provided witll my 'firing mechanism and grip-safety device, showing the :tiring mechanism of my invention in tiring position and the grip-safety portion in normal or safety position, 'the sliding breech action of the firearm, tiringmember or hammer and the Sear-member being locked, and the slidable member or controller -being in upward or locking position. Fig. 2, is a fragmentary side elevation, on a larger scale than Fig. l, partly broken away, showing the firing mechanism of my invention in fired position, and the gripsafety device portion in compressed or un- I 3 3 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrow. F ig. 4, is a view in vertical section on the line 4-4of Fig. 2,V looking in the direction of the arrow, the grip-safety member and firing-member or hammer being removed. My firing mechanism and grip-safety device comprises a firing-member or hammer H2, Figs. 1 and 2, the frame or receiver B and the grip-stock of the rearm being suitably bored or otherwise cut away to receive `the firing-member or hammer H2 and the various parts of my invention. ,The firingmember or hammer H2 is in form substantially an enlarged rod actuated at its lower end by a firing spring 8e as hereinafter more particularly described. The firingmember or hammer H2 has a substantially vertical motion, and does not have a pivotal 0r swinging movement properly so called. The firing-member or hammer H2 is guided by a roller 81, mounted on the frame or receiver B of the firearm, preferably near the upper end of the firing-member or hammer, the firing member or hammer H2 moving vertically between said roller 8P and a guide face, 8P ,formed in the frame or receiver B of the firearm. The firing-member or hammer H2 is provided with a face atV 8s for engaging ,the end 8" of an arm 8t of th elever L2, which lever is arranged for actuating the firing-pin P in a manner which will be evident from the drawing. The lever L2 is pivotally attached to the sliding breech action of the firearm and is carried thereby, and is provided with an inclined surface at 8w for operating on the roller 81, which roller is fixed to the firing-member or hammer H2, so that when the cartridge is fired the rearward movement of the sliding breech action of the firearm under impulse Aof the discharge of the cartridge will operate to depress the firing-member or hammer H2, to its firing or cocked position, Fig. 2. The firing-member or hammer H2 is provided on its forward side with a firing-notch or cock-notch 8j for enga ing the scar-notch or face 1711 of the arm 11 of the Sear-member S, and .provided with a face 81" for engaging a resisting and retracting member or lever hereinafter described. The scar-member S, is shown as comprising two arms S8 and S11. The Sear-member S is supported on alpin 1711 in the grip-stock o f the frame or receiver B of the firearm, the end of the arm S1 of the Sear-member S being engageable with the triggermember F. A resisting and retracting member or lcvcr S is pivot-mounted on said pin 1711, which member or lever is provided with two arms S10 and S12, the purpose of the arm S10 being to engage or bear upon a face of the slidable member or controller N, hereinafter described, while the arm S12 engages or bears upon the face or projection-8k arranged on the firing member or hammer H2. The slidable member or Controller N, is movable upwardly and downwardly between guide faces 1() and 11, in the frame or receiver B of the firearm. The slidable member or controller N has at its upper end a point or face 11 which projects into the path of the sliding breech action of the firearm when the slidable member or controller is in upward position, and 'thus locks the sliding breech action against rearward movement, and is provided with a shoulder 14p having an upper surface or face, with which the arm S1O of the resisting and retractiug member S engages as before stated. has an opening 15 theiethrough to receive the rear end of a trigger member l which end fits snugly but freely the opening 15 in such manner as to allow a slight play or movement upward and downward of the trigger-member F therein. The slidable member or controller N has at the lower end of the shoulder 14D, bottom sides or bottom ends 14c with which'locking-prongs of the grip-safety member hereinafter described engage. The slidable member N is provided with a spring operated actuator 141, and is also provided with a lever member n, which is pivotally attached to the slidable member or controller N and which has a face 12 which engages -the end of the actuator 141, and has a projecting end 13, which engages the adjacent face 17c of the sear member S, the tendency of the actuator 14m and the lever member n being to move the slidable member or controller N upwardly, or to locking position, and to move the end of the arm S11 of the sear S toward the firing member or hammer H2. The grip-safety device or portion of my invention generally denoted by G, is insertible in the grip-stock of the firearm, and is engageable at its upper end G2 with the frame of the-firearm and is provided at its other end with a frame-end g', which is insertible in the grip-stock and attached thereto by a pivot-pin g, to afford compression of the grip-safety member G, preferably in the manner described and set forth in my said patent. The top portion of the grip-safety member G is slotted out at 711 to furnish clearance for'the hammer H2 and the Sear-member S, leaving a pair of side-walls 7e which are extended to a pair of locking-prongs' 71. These locking prongs or lever-arms are located outside of, and clear of the rear end of the trigger-member l", and when the The slidable member or controller grip-safety member G is in its outward or safety position, the locking-prongs 7 f are immediately below the bottom sides or end bottoms 14 of the slidable member or controller N, which is thereby positively locked against downward movement. The firing-member H2 is provided at its lower' end with a ball shaped portion h2 which engages or is seated in the cupped portion of the plunger 8c, which plunger 8c is movable or slides in a bracket 16 carried by the grip-safety member G and is in sliding contact with the adjacent inner side or face of the grip-safety member Gr, the plunger 8cv thus engaging the grip-safety member. The firing spring 8e as shown is seated in a plug 7* which is insertible in the frameend g of the grip-safety device G and in the grip-stock. The plunger 8c provides a movable or sliding abutment for the upper end of the firing-spring 8e to actuate the firing member or hammer H2, and by engagement of the plunger 8c against the inner side or face ofthe grip-safety member G through pressure of the firing spring, retains the end G2 of the grip-safety member in engagement with the frame of the firearm when the gripsafety member is in normal position or position of safety, and returns said member to this position after release of compression of the grip-safety member, the arrangementy preferably being that describedand .set forth in my before mentionedr patent. The trigger member F is movable forwardly to normal firing position by means not shown, and movable rearwardly by pull thereon to discharge the firearm. The rear end of the trigger-member F is engageable' with the arm of the Sear member S to push the same inwardly. My firing mechanism and grip-safety device being in normal position or position of safety, Fig. 1,V compression of the gripsafety member G disengages or unlocks the prongs Tf from the bottom sides or end bottoms 14 ofthe shoulder 14p of the slidable member or controller N, Fig. 2, and permits the slidable member or controller to move downwardly. Pull on the trigger-member F pushes inwardly the arm S8 of the scar-member S, .and disengages the searnotch lb of said arm from the cock-notch 8j of the firing member or hammer H2, and a retracting means, to force the latter member downwardly and thereby to release the sliding breech action of the firearm. The roller 8*", through upward movement of the firing member or hammer H2 is disengaged from the end 8" ofthe arm V8t of the lever L2 and forced into engagement with the inclined surface 8W of said lever, thereby forcibly moving the lever L2 into contact with the firing-pin P, Fig. 2, and discharging the firearm. The firing memher or hammer H2 thus, through action of the spring 8F, is moved from firing position to fired position, or to position which actuates the lever L2 to discharge the firearm. The firing member or hammer. H2 is return-ed to firing or cocked position by rearward movement of the sliding breech action of the firearm, which causes the firing member or hammer H2 to move orbe forced downwardly by engagement of the inclined surface 8w of the lever L2 with the roller 8",` the firing member or hammer H2 being guided in such movement by the guide-face 8P and the roller 8P, the lever L2 thus riding upon the roller 8r until the firing member or hammer assumes the position shown in Fig. 1. The firing member or hammer H2 is thereby moved downward until the Sear-notch of the arm S11 of the sear member S engages the cock-notch 8j of the firing member or hammer, and locks the latter in firing or cocked position. Engagement of the end 13 of the lever member n with the face 17.e of the Sear member S permits the spring actuator 14', through engagement thereof with the face 12 of the lever member n, to move the slidable member or controller upwardly until the end 14a thereof lies in thepath of the sliding breech action of the firearm. The slidable member or controller N is locked in this position by the engagement therewith of the locking-prongs 'Tf of the grip-safety member G, while the resisting and'retracting member or lever S, through engagement withthe face 8k of the firing member or hammer H2 and engagement with the upper surfaces 14e of the shoulder 14D of the slidable member or controller N, acts as a resisting means to prevent upward movement of the firing member orhamrner, or movement of the firing member or hammer from firing position to fired position. v Having thus described my invention, I claim: 1. In a firearm,'in combination, a sliding breech-action of said firearm and comprlsing a firing-pin, a frame of said firearm, a firing-pin actuating member carried by said sliding breech action, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and engageable with said firing-pin actuating member when moved to fired position to actuate the same, and en- -gageable therewith for movement thereby compressiblel member engageable with saidv frame and engageable with said slidable means when in position of safety, to block the slidable means in said locking position, and by-grip-compression releasable from both said engagements,l and spring means .for slidably moving said firingV member to fired position. 2. In a firearm, in combination, a sliding breech action of said firearm comprising a firing-pin, a frame of said firearm, a firingpin actuating member carried by said lsliding breech action, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and engageable with said firing-pinactuating member when moved to fired position to actuate the same, and engageable therewith for movement thereby to firing position, sear means engageable with said liring member, slidable means engageable with said sliding breech action, means for movin said slidable means in a direction to loci said sliding breech action, and lock said sear means and firing member in firing position, lever means engaging said slidablemeans and engaging said firing member for resisting movement of said firing member to fired position when the same is in firing position, y and for moving said slidable means in a direction reverse to the first mentioned direction when the firing-member is moved to fired position, a grip-compressible member engageable with said frame and engageable With said slidable means ywhen in position of safety, to block said slidable means in said locking position, and by grip-compression vreleasable from both said engagements, and spring means for slidablv moving said lir. ing member to fired position. 3. In a firearm, in combination, a sliding breech action of said firearm comprising a firing-pin, a frame ofvsaid firearm comprising a grip-stock, a firing-pin actuating member carried by said sliding breech action, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and engageable with said firing-pin actuating member when moved to fired position to actiiate the same, and engageable therewith for movement thereby to firing position, sear means engageable with said firing member, slidable means engageable witlrsaid sliding breech action, means for moving said slidable means in a direction to lock said sliding breech action, and lock said Sear means and firing member in firing position. a pivotally moving member vengaging said slidable means and engaging said firing member for resisting movement otsaid firing member to fired position when the same is in firing position, and for moving said slidable means in a direction yreverse to said first mentioned direction when the firing member is moved to fired position, a grip-compressible member engageable with said frame and engageable with said slidable means when in position of safety to block the slidable means in said locking position, and by grip-compression ieleasable from both said engagements, spring means for slid- 'ably moving said firing member to fired position. and trigger means engageable with said sear means to move the lsear means to release said firing member for movement to fired position. 4. In a firearm, in combination, a. sliding breech action of said firearm Comprising a firing-pin, a frame of said firearm, a firing- 'pin actuator carried by said sliding breech action, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and engageable with said firing-pin actuator when moved to fired position to actuate the same, and engageable with said firing-pin actuator for movement thereby` to firing position, a sear member'engageable with said firing member, a slidable controller engageable with said sliding breech action when in upward position, and providedV with an actuator, a lever member pivotally attached to said controller and engaging said sear memberand engaging said actuator to move said controller upwardly when said firingmember is moved to firing position to lock said` sliding breech action, and lock said sear member and firing member in firing position, a pivotally moving member engaging said firing member and engaging said controller to move the controller downwardly when said firing member is moved tol fired position, a grip-operable member engageable with said frame and engageable with to block said controller in upward position, and releasable by grip-compression from both said engagements, a spring for actuating said firing member, and permitting gripcompression of said grip-operable member, and for returning said grip-operable member to position of safety after grip-compression, and a trigger member engageable `vith said sear member to release the sear member from engagement with said ring member foi-i--movement-thereof to fired position. 5.A In a firearm, in combination, a sliding breech action of said firearm comprising i firing-pima frame of said-firearm, a firingpin actuator carried by said sliding breech action, a firing member slidably movable to said controller when in position of safety, fired position and to firing position, and en- -gageable with said firing-pin actuator when moved to fired position to actuate the same, and engageable with said firing-pin actuator for movement thereby to firing position, a sear member engageable with said ring member, a slidable controller engageable with said sliding breech action when in upward posit-ion, and provided with an actuator', a lever member pivotally attached to said controller and engaging said actuator of the controller and engaging said sear member to move said controller upwardly when said firing-member is moved to firing position, a resisting and retracting member engaging said firing member and engaging said controller to resist movement of said firing member to fired position when said firing member is in firing position, and to move said controller downwardly when said ring member is moved to fired position, a grip-operable member engageable with said frame and engageable with said controller when in position of safety, to block the controller in upward position, and releasableV by grip compression from both said engagements, a spring for actuating said firing member, and permitting grip-compression of said grip-operable member, and for returning saidvgrip-operable member to position of safety after grip-compression, and a trigger member engageable with said sefar member to release the sear member from engagement with said firing member for movement thereof to fired position. 6. In a firearm, in combination, -a sliding breech action of said firearm comprising a firing-pin, a frame of said firearm, a firingpin actuator carried by said sliding breech action and provided with an inclined face and an engaging end, a firing member slidv ably movable t0 fired position and to firing position, and provided with roller means and a face for engaging said inclined face and end of the firing-pin actuator when the firing member is moved to fired position to actuate the firing-pin actuator, and for engaging said inclined'face and said end of the firing-pin actuator for movement by said engagement to firing position, means for guiding-said firing member in its sliding movement, a sear member engageable with said firing member, a slidable controller engageable with said sliding breech action when in upward position, and provided with an actuator', a lever member pivotally v attached to said controller and engaging said actuator of the controller and engaging said searmember` to move said controller upwardly when said firing member is moved to iring position, a resisting and retracting member engaging vsaid firing member and engaging said controller to resist movement of said firing member to fired position when the firing member is in firing position, and a trigger member engageable lwith said sear v member to release the sear member from engagement with said firing member for movement thereof to fired position. 7. In a rearm, in combination, a sliding breech-action of said firearm comprising a firing-pin, a frame of said firearm comprising a grip-stock, a firing-pin actuator carried by said sliding'breech action and provided with an inclined face and an engaging end, a firing hammer slidably movable to red position and to firing position, and provided with a roller and an end-face for engaging said inclined face and end of the firing-pin actuator when the firing hammer is moved to fired position to actuate the liring-pin actuator, and for engaging said inclined face and end of the firing-pin actuator for movement by said engagement to firing position, and rovided with a cock-notch, means for guiding said firing hammer in its sliding movement, a sear member provided with .lock means for engaging said cocknotch of the firing member, and provided with a face for engaging a lever member, and provided with an extending end, a slidable controller engageable with said sliding breech action when in upward position, and provided with a spring operated actuator, a lever member pivotally attached to said controller and engaging said actuator, and engaging said face of the sear member to move said controller upwardly when Said firing h ammer is moved to firing position, a resisting and retracting member engaging at one end said firing hammerand engaging at its other end said controller to resist, movement of said firing hammer to fired position when the firing hammer is in firing position, and to move said controller downwardly when said firing hammer is moved to tired position, a gripoperable member engageable at its upper end with said frame and provided with means for engaging said slidable controller when in position of Safety, and releasable by gripcompression from bothV said engagements, a firing spring connected at its upper end to said firing hammer, sliding means engaging said grip-stock and engaging said grip-operable member, said spring being operatively connected at its lower end to said grip-operable member and abutting Said sliding means, and a trigger member engageable with said extending end of the sear member to release the sear member from engagement with said firing hammer for vmovement thereof to fired position, vided'with an inclined face and an engaging end, a firing hammer slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and provided with a roller and an end-face for engaging said inclined -face and end of the firing-pin actuator when the firing hammer is moved to fired-position, and for engaging said inclined face and end of the firing-pin actuator for movement'by said engagement to firing position, and provided with a cocknotch, and provided with a face for engaging a resisting and retracting member, means for guiding said firing hammer in its slidin movement a sear member provided with a ook-notch for engaging said cock-notch, and (provided jwith a front face, and provide with an" extending lower end, a slidable controller'provided with an end for engagingy said sliding breech action, and provi ed with a spring operated actuator, and provided with a shoulder having an upperengaging surface, and provided with a slot for receiving a trigger member, 'and provided with an end-face, a lever member pivotally attached to Said controller provided with a face for engaging said actuator, and rovided with an end for engaging said iront-face of the sear member, a resisting and retractin member engaging at one end said face of t e firing' hammer, and engagingv at its other end said upper Surface of the. shoulder of said controller, a grip-safety member provided with a Yframe-end pivotallv attached to the grip-stock, the gripsafety member beingengageable at its upper endV with said frame of the firearm and provided at its lower end with locking-prongs for engaging said end-face of the controller when in position of safety, and releasable from engagement with said frame of the fire-arm and controller by grip-compression, a firing spring, a bracket carried by the grip-safety member, a sliding member in said bracket and engaging said grip-safety member, and providing a seat for the lower end of said firing hammer and an abutment for Said firing spring, and a trigger-member received in said slot of the slidable controller and engageable with said lower end of the sear member. 9. In a firearm, in combination, a frame of said firearm comprising a grip-stock, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firin `position, a grip-operable member engagea 1e at one end with said frame of the firearm and provided at its other end with a frame-end pivotally attached to said grip-stock, and spring means for actuating said firing member, and affording grip-compression of said grip-operable member, and for returning said gripoperable member to engagement with said frame of the firearm after grip-compression. 10. In a firearm, in combination, a frame of said firearm comprising a grip-stock, a firing member slidably movable to lfired position and to firing osition,` a grip-operable member engagea le at one end with said frame of the firearm and provided at its other end with a frame-end pivotally attached to said grip-stock, to permit removal of the grip-operable member, spring means for actuating said firing member, and affording Agrip-compression of' said grip-operable member, and for returning said gripoperable member to engagement with said frame of the firearm aifter grip-compression, and means for attaching said spring means to said grip-stock to permit removal of tlie spring means. 11. In a firearm, in combination, a frame of said 'firearin'comprising a ip-stock, a firin member slidably movable to fired position and to firin position and having an extended lower en a grip-safety member enga eable at one end with said frame of the rearm, and provided at its other end with a frame-end insertible in the grip-stock, a pivot-pin slidably insertible in said frameend for removably attaching said grip-safety member to said grip-stock, a firing spring, a spring plug'slidably insertible in said gripstock and engaging said pivot pin to retain pivot-pin in'said frame-end, and for removably attaching vsaid firing spring to said grip-safety member, and a plunger between als` said firing memberand said firing springV and engaging said grip-safety member, for providing a seat for the lower end of the firing member and an abutment for said spring. 12. In a firearm, in combination, a firingpin, reciprocally movable firing-pin actuating means engageable with said firing-pin, means for movingsaid firing-pin actuating means reciprocally, a firing member slidably movable to lired position and to firing position, and engageable therewithy for movement tliereby'to firing position when said firing-pin actuating means is moved by said means for'moving reciprocally, and means for slidably moving said firing member to fired position. l 1.3. In a firearm, in combination, a sliding breech action comprising a firin -pin, firingpin actuating means engageab e with said firing pinand movable with said sliding breecli action, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and engageable with said firing-pin actuating means when moved to fired position, and engageable therewith for movement thereby to firing position when said firing-pin ac tuating means is moved with saidsliding breech action, and means for moving said firing member to ired position. l 14. In a firearm, in combination, a ringpin, reciprocally movable firing-pm actuating means engageable with said firing-pin, means for moving said iiring-pin actuating means reciprocally, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and engageable at the upper end thereof with said ring-pin actuating means when moved to fired position, and engageable therewith at said upper end for movement thereby to firing position when said firing-pin actuating means is moved reciprocally, and means operatively connected to the lower end of said firing member for slidably moving the iiring member to iired position. 15. In a firearm, in combination, a'sliding breech action comprising a firing-pin, firing pin actuating means engageable with s aid firing-pin and movable with said sliding breech action, a firing member slidably movable to ltired position and to firing position, and engageable at the upper end thereof with said firing-pin actuating means when moved to fired position, and engageable therewith at said upper end for movement thereby to firing position when said firingpin actuating means is moved with said sliding breech action, and means voperatively connected to the lower end o`f said firing member for slidably moving the tiring member to firing position. 16. In a rearm, in combination, a firingpin, a reciproca-lly movable firing-pin actuating member engageable with said firingpin, means for moving said firing-pin actuating member reciprocally, a firing-member slidably movable to tired position and to vfiring position, and engageable at the upper end thereof with said firing-pin actuating member when moved to fired position, and engageable therewith at said upper end for movement thereby to firing position when said firing-pin actuating member is moved by said vmeans for moving ieciprocally, a spring for slidably moving said firing member to fired position, and means operative between said firing member and said spring providing a seat for the lower end of said firing member and an abutment for said spring. l 17. In a firearm in combination, a sliding breech action comprising a firing-pin, a iring-pin actuating member engageable with said firing-pin and movable with said sliding breech-action, a iiring member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and engageable at the upper end thereof with said firing-pin actuating member ably moving said ring member to fired po-` sition, and means operative between said firing member and said spring providing a seat for the lower end of said ring member and an abutment for said spring. I 18. In a firearm, in combination, a firing- `pin, a reciprocall movable firing-pin actuator engageable with said firing-pin and provided with an inclined face and an engaging end, means for moving said firing-pin actuator reciprocally, a firing member movable slidably to fired position and to firing position, and provided at the upper endwwith a roller -for engaging said inclined face of the tiring-pin actuator and'provided with an end-face for engaging said end of said actuator when the firing member is moved to tired position, and for engaging said inclined face of said actuator 'for movement thereby to firing position when said firingpin actuator is moved by said means for moving reciprocally, said firing member being provided with a ball-shaped lower end, a spring for slidably moving said firing member to fired position, and a cupped plunger providing a seat for said ball-shaped end of the firing member and an abutment for said spring. 19. In a rearm, in combination, a sliding breech action comprising a iiring-pin, a ring-pin actuator engageable with said iringpin and provided with an inclined face and an engaging end and movable With said sliding breech action, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position and provided at the upper end with a. roller for engaging said inc-lined face of the iiring-pin actuator and provided with an end-face for engaging said end of said actuator when the firing member is moved to fired position and for engaging said inclined face and end of said actuator for movement thereby to firing position when said firingpin actuator is moved With said sliding breech action, said firing member being provided with a ball-shaped lower end, a spring for slidably moving said firing member to ired position, and a cupped plunger providing a seat for said ball-shaped end of the iiring member and an abutment for said spring. l 'J 20. In a Iirearm, in combination, a firingthereby to firing position when said firingpin actuating means is moved by said means for moving reciprocally, sear means engageable with said firing member to lock the firing member in firing position, and means for slidably moving said firing member to fired position. 21. AIn a firearm, in combination, a sliding breech action comprising a firing-pin, firingpin actuating means engageable with said firing-pin Vand movable. with said sliding breech action, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and 'to firing position and engageable with said firing-pin actuating means when moved to fired position, and engageable therewith for movement thereby to firing position when said firing-pin actuating means is moved with said sliding breech action, and Sear means engageable with said firing member to lock the firing member in firing position. 22. In a firearm, in combination, a firingpin, reciprocally movable firing-pin actuating means engageable with said firing-pin, means for moving said firing-pin actuating means reciprocally, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position and engage-able with said firing-pin actuating means when moved to fired position, and engageable therewith for movement thereby to firing position when said firingpin actuating means is moved by said means for moving reciprocally, sear means engageable with said firing member, slidable meansA movable in a direction to lock said sear means and firing member in firing position, means engaging said slidable means and engaging said firing member for resisting movement of the firing member from firing position to red position, and for moving said slidable means in a direction reverse to said first mentioned direction when said firing member is moved to fired position, and means for slidably moving said firing member to fired position. 23. In a firearm, in combination, a sliding breech action comprising a firing-pin, firingpin actuating means engageable with said firing-pin and movable with said sliding breech action, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and engageable with said firing-pin actuating means when moved to fired position, and engageable therewith for movement thereby to firing position when .said firing-pin actuating means is moved by said sliding breech action, sear means engageable with said firing member, slidable means engageable with said sliding breech action and movable in a direction to lock .said sliding breech action, and lock said sear means and firing member in firing position, means engaging saidk slidable means and engaging said firing member for resisting movement of the firing member from firing position to fired position, and for moving said slidable means in a direction reverse to the rst mentioned direction when said firing member is moved to fired position, and means for slidably moving said firing member to fired position. 24. In a firearm, in combination, a firingpin, a reciprocally movable firing-pin actuator engageable with said firing-pin, and provided with an inclined face and an engaging end, means for moving said'firing-pin actuator reciprocally, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and provided at its upper end with a roller and an end-face for engaging said inclined face and end of the firing-pin actuator when moved to fired position, and for engaging said inclined face and end of the firing-pin actuator for movement by said actuator to firing position when said actuator is moved by said means for moving reciprocally, said firing member being provided with a cock-notch, and provided with a ballshaped lower end, a Sear member provided with a lock-notch for engaging said cocknotch, and provided with an extending end, a slidable controller movable in a direction to lock said sear member and firing member in firing position, a resisting and retracting member engaging said slidable controller and engaging said firing member for resisting movement of the firing member to fired position, and for moving said slidable controller in a direction reverse to the first mentioned direction when said firing member is moved to red position, a spring for moving said firing member to fired position, a cupped plunger operatively located between said firing member and said spring providing a seat for said ball-shaped end ofthe firing member and an abutment for said spring", and a trigger member engageable with said extending end of the sear member. 25. In a firearm, in combination, a sliding breech action comprising a firing-pin, a. firing-pin actuator engageable with said firingpin and movable with said sliding breech action, and provided With an inclined -face and an engaging end, a firing member slidably movable to fired position and to firing position, and provided at its upper end' with a roller and an end-face for engaging said inclined face and end of the firing-pin actuator when moved to fired position, and for engaging said inclined face and end of the firing-pin actuator for movement by said actuator to firing position when said actuator is moved with said sliding breech action, said firing-member being provided with a cock-notch, and provided with a ball-shaped lower end, a sear member provided with a lock-notch for engaging said cock-notch and provided with an extending end, a slidable a resisting and reti-acting member engaging said sliclnble controller and engaging said {iring member for moving said slidable controller in a direction reverse to the irst men- 5 tionetl direction when said firing member is moved to fired position, a spring Jfor moving said firing member to fired position, a cupped plunger operatively located between said tiring member and said spring providing a seat for said ball-shaped end of the 10 firing member and an abutment for said spring, and a trigger member engngeable with said extending end of the sear member. JOHN D. PEDERSEN. Witnesses: FRANCIS H. RICHARDS, GEORGE J. BARTELS.

Firearm logo design - guns logo design - firearm training. Looking for a bold and negative space logo design? or creative logo design then click on the link. #logos #logotype #branding #logodesigner #graphicdesign #graphicdesigner #logodesigns #vector #logoinspirations #brand #graphics #webdesign #identity #brandidentity #illustrator #typography #graphic #adobe #behance #photoshop #icon #logotipo #designer #advertising #type #customlogo #icondesign #fiverr #training #firearm

Description J. M. BROWNING AUTOMATIC FIREARM Feb. 22,1927. 1,618,510 .Filed June 28, 1923 2'Sheets-Sheet l J. M. BROWNING AUTOMATIC FIREARM Feb. 22, 1927; 1,618,510 "Filed June 2a. 192s 2 sheets-sheet 2 edf? a x46y i f f ,za 70416670 E /g Y El; 55. .55.' @35 H5317.. i 3," "la parts are shown in elevation. Patented Feb. 22, 1927. 'PATENT OFFICE. JOHN M. BROWNING, 0F OGDEN, UTAH. AUTOMATIC FIREARM. Application filed June 28, 1923. Serial No. 648,275. My invention relates to automatic firearms of that description in which all operations of the mechanism, except that of the trigger, are automatically effected by the energy of recoil of movable parts. Y A main object of thel present invention is to provide an automatic pistol of this character which is strong, simple in construction, accurate, reliable and safe in operf ation, and easy and economical of manufacture. This object is attained by simplifying the mechanism employed in .firearms of this class by providing a novel improved 'construction and co-ordination of certain members of thel mechanism, thereby enabling 'these parts to perform several distinct functions and 'thus reducing the vnumber of component parts and by giving to all parts such form and organizing them in such manner that they may be readily assembled or dis- `assembled without requiring the use of any tools or accessories. Other and further objects and advantages of my new improvements will appear from the specifications and drawings in which I show and describe an automatic pistol incorporating my improvements in a preferred form. Also the utility and value of some of my improvements arenot limited to their use in an automatic pistol but they are equally valuable and useful in any automatic firearm of the recoil operated type. In the accompanying drawings: Fig. 1 is a front view of the forward porytion of the frame, the breech slide and the barrel of a pistol embodying my new improvements. Fig. 2 is a left-hand side elevation of said pistol. Fig. 3 is a central vertical longitudinal section through the forward portion of the arm, showing the barrel and breech slide in their forward locked position, and the trigger in its normal position. Certain of the Fig. 4 .hows the tagger and the parts 4mounted thereon detached, in a front view and in a left-hand side View; in the side view, the rear portion of the trigger is shown in a vertical longitudinal section. Fig.` 5 is a central vertical longitudinal section of a portion of the frame, including the trigger guard, 'showing' the trigger in elevation and in position for bodily downward movement to withdraw it from its seat inthe frame, the barrel having'been removed from the frame. Fig. 6 is a central vertical longitudinal section through the upper portion of the arm, showing the barrel and breech slide'in their rearward positions, and the trigger in its normal position. Certain of the parts are shown in elevation. y Fig. 7 is a bottom view ofthe breech slide with the breech bolt in place in the rear portion of said slide. Fig. 8 is a top view of the frame, showing the cartridge magazine, having a cartridge remaining therein, in its seat in the frame and also showing the slide stop in its relation to the magazine follower. Fig. 9 is a central vertical longitudinal section through a portion of the arm, showing the movable'parts in the position they occupy at the instant when a shell is being ejected; in vthis view the forward portion of the breech bolt is vertically sectioned in the plane of the ejector and the ejector with the part of the frame with which it is integrally formed are shown in elevation. Fig. l() shows the ejector and the part of the frame with which it is integrally formed, detached, in a'top view, in a left-hand side view and in afront` view. Fig. 11 is a left-hand side View of the magazine detached. Fig. 12 is a central vertical longitudinal y section through the upper rear portion of the arm, showing the barrel, breech slide and breech bolt in their forward position and the firing pin in the uncooked position, certain of theparts being shown in elevation. Fig. 13 is a central vert-ical longitudinal. section through theI upper rear portion of the arm, showing the breech slide and breech bolt some distance rearward of their forward position and the firing pin and Sear in the cocked position. Certain of the parts are shown in elevation.` Fig. 14' is a central vertical longitudinal section through the upper rea-r portion of the frame, as seen from the. right, showing the breech bolt in its forward position and showing also the connections between the trigger andthe sear. Certain parts 'are shown in elevation. Fig. l5 is a central vertical longitudinal section through the rear, portion of the are shown in elevation. breech slide and through the breech bolt with the safety piece in its lower position locking the sear and the breech bolt; an adjacent portion of the frame and a portion of the safety piece cooperating with thel frame and with the Sear, being each shown in vertical section but slightly to the left of the vertical central plane of the arm. Fig. 16 shows the extractor, detached, in ing the relative position of the slide stop and the magazine follower with one cartridge remaining` 1n said magazine. Certaln parts Fig. 20 is a vertical longitudinal section through the upper portion of the magazine and the adjacent portion of the frame, showing the relative position of the breech slide, slide stop and magazine follower after the last cartridge has been removed from the magazine and fired. Certain parts are lshown 1n elevation. Figs. 18 to 20 are on the same scale as 21 shows the slide stop, detached and on an enlarged scale, in a to view, in a rear view, and in a left-hand s1de view; the side view shows the lower portion of said Vstop in section and its upper portion in itsv operative relation to the breech slide. Figs. 22, 23, 24 and 25 show the safety piece, detached, respectively in a front view, 1n a left-hand side view, in a rear view with a portion broken away to clearly show parts mounted therein, and in a bottom view. Fig. 26 is a front view of the firing pin, .i detached. Fig. 27 is a vleft-.hand'side view of the firing spring. Fig. 28 is a rear. view of the firing pin, detached. l 29 and 30 show the sear, detached, respectively in a top viewvand-in a rear view, Fig. 31 shows the mainspring extended and a portion of the firing pin and the sear, in longitudinal vertical section and in their cooperative .relation with said mainspring. Figs. 32, 33; 34, 35,36 and 37 show the breech bolt, detached, respectively in a central vertical longitudinal section, in a rear end view, in a bottom view, in a front end view, in a transverse section'some distance pm and searinthe cocked position, -held togetherv by the pressure of the main-- back of its forward end, andin another transverse section slightly forward ofthe middle of the bolt. f Figs. 22 to 37,'inclusive, show the parts in their actual size. Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views. The pistol represented in the drawings comprises a frame l having vertical longitudinal flanges l'1 prolonging its sides upwardly. Between the flanges the longitudinally movable breech slide 2 is secured against vertical movement and guided in its longitudinalk movements by rib and groove connections, as shown. See Figs. 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 18, 19 and 20. The slide 2 is recessed to receive, at its forward portion 'the barrel 3 between its side walls, and in its rear portion the breech bolt il, detachably secured therein. The barrel 3 is supported and guided at its forward end by an inwardly projecting annular fiange 2l on the slide and, at its rear end, by the sides of a cam groove 3b formed in the downwardly projecting barrel lug 3a, the sides of the cam groove cooperating, for this purpose, with a fixed part of the frame, such as the transverse pin 5 extending Vthrough the rear portion of a recess formed in the frame 1 to receive the barrel lug 3a. See Figs. 3, 6, 9 and 12. lfVhen in their forward iring position, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the breech slide 2 and the barrel 3 are interlocked by the usual transverse ribs and grooves formed, respectively, on the upper rear portion of the barrel and in the under surface of the top wall of the breech slide (Fig. 3). In this position of the parts, a horizontal rearward extension of the upper vsurface of the 4cam groove 3b engages the top surface vof the transverse pin 5 in the manner clearly shown in Fig. 3.` The top surface of pin 5 is pref -erably flattened as shown. Upon the firing of a shot, the breech slide 2 and thejbarrel 3 recoil together until the forwardly and upwardly inclined lower surface of the cam groove 3b engages the pin 5, after the' bullet has left the barrel, thereby causing the rear portion of the barrel 'tobe cammed down during the further recoil movement and thusefecting the unlocking., of the breech slide and partly in a longitw' dnal recess in the forward portion of the frame and bearing through its guide rod 7 against the wall 1b in the frame, is compressed and said spring reacts to return the recoiling parts to their forward position as soon as the rearward movement of the slide 2 is arrested.- The barrel 3 remains in itsl rearward position, shown in Figs. 6 and 9, until the forward end of the breech bolt 4, during the return movement thereof withl the slide 2, strikes the rear end of the barrel, whereupon the parts move forward together, and said rear end of the barrel is, during such movement, again raised `to its interlocked relation with th'e breech slide by the inclined upper-surface of the cam groove 3" and is there held in such raised position by the hereinbefore mentioned horizontal exten,- sion of said camsurface, engaging the top surface of the pin 5. The forward movement of the barrel 3 and slide 2 is limited by the engagement of the front rounded face of the barrel lug 3a with the corresponding .rear face of the transverse-wall 1b of the frame. See Figs. 3 and 8. The inwardly projecting annular ange 2 at the forward end of the slide 2, in which the forward portion of the barrel is supported and guided, is of small width and there is sufficient play between said flange and the barrel to permit the slight tilting movement of the barrel for locking and unlocking said barrel and slide and also to permit the relative longitudinal movement between these parts, when unlocked, without binding or undue friction. In order to facilitate the dismounting and inspectionof the firing mechanism of the arm, all the parts of said mechanism are so constructed and arranged that they may be readily detached and withdrawn from the frame 1. To this end, the trigger 8 is removably pivoted in a vertical slot formed in the frame below the recess which receives the barrel lug 3, and a trigger pawl 9 is pivoted to the trigger to transmit the action of said trigger to the other parts of the firing mechanism, said pawl being located in a vertical slot provided therefor in the frame from which it may be removed with the trigger. To this end also, the remaining parts of the firing mechanism, which comprise the firing pin 10,-the main spring 11, the sear 12, and the sear connecting lever 13 for connecting the sear with the trigger and ltrigger pawl, are all mounted on the breech bolt14 so as. to be readily removable rearwardly from the frame'. Also mounted on the breech bolt is the extractor 16. The trigger 8 and its pawl 9 are in operative relation with the' remaining parts of the firing mechanism only when the breechv slide 2 is in its forward position with the breech-slide -and barrel locked and the breech closed. Then, the forward end of the sear -the trigger pawl 9; thus the arm cannot beA tired, even if the trigger is pulled back, until v, the breech slide and barrel are fully locked and the-breech closed. The trlgger pawl 9 1s normally held 1n a rearward posit-ion, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 6,. 8 and 14, under the act-ion of the trigger spring 8a which has one end thereof bearing on a' rearward projection (Figs. 4 and 14) formed on the integral pivot 9a of said pawl. If t-he trigger is held back, after firing .a shot, until the breech slide 2 and the parts movable therewith return to their forward position, the upper end of the pawl 9 will be swung forwardly against the tension of the spring 8a during the last portion of such return movement by the engagement of the forward end of the sear connecting lever 13 with said pawl, and it will therefore be impossible to fire another shot untilc t-he trigger is released. TheY release of the trigger 8 will allow its return forward under the tension of its spring 8a (Figs. 3, 4, 6 and 14) and during such return of the trigger, the pawl 9 will be lowered until its upper end moves belowthe forward end of the lever 13, thereby permitting said upper end to return rearward, also under the tension of the trigger spring 8a, to its normal position beneath the forward end of said lever 13, thus positioning the firing mechanism for firing another shot by again pulling the trigger. back. It will be seen, by `referring to Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 andI 14, that thetrigger 8, trigger pawl 9 and trigger spring 8a form a unitary organization of elements adapted for re"T moval as a unit from the frame; the trigger spring being for this purpose, secured to the trigger between. its ends and cooperating, at its forward vend, with theframe and, at its rear end, with the trigger pawl, as hereinbefore described. For the purpose of .easily dismounting said organization of elements, the cylindrical seats lin the frame for ,the trigger pivot are connected with t-he under surface of the frame by vertical slots of less lwidth than 4the diameter of said seats. iwhen the trigger is swung' forwardly 'be- 'lao lili lli yondits normal position, as shown in Fig. 5, against the tension of the trigger spring 8a, which by pressing the trigger pawl against the rear face of the vertical slot.i1i the frame in which said pawl is located yielding-ly opposes such movement of the trigger. In order to positively prevent the trigger from becoming detached accidentally by forward pressure on the lower finger engaging portion thereof, or otherwise, the trigger has a forwardly extending portion 8?, which by engaging the lower surface of the barrel lug 3'rl limits the forward movement of the trigger and thus prevents disassembling of the trigger unless thc barrel is first dismounted. See Figs. 3 and 6. The forward end of the spring 8aL protrudes forwardly from the slot in which it is seated in the upper forward port-ion of the trigger, and this end rests upon a shoulder formed for that purpose in the forward wall near the bottom of the trigger seat in the frame, thereby said spring 8n performs the. functions of a trigger spring by yieldingly holding the trigger finger piece in its normal forward position and by returning it to that position when released after each pull by which a shot has been fired. By normal position of trigger and pawl I mean the position shown in Figs. 3, 4, 6 and 1,4 when they are in position to actuate the sear connector to fire a shot. The breech bolt 4, shown detached in Figs. 32 to 37 inclusive, is substantially cylindrical in form and is provided at its rear. end with an enlargedportion which rojects rearwardly beyond the breech sli e 2, as shown in Figs. 2, 6 and 7. In order to secure the bolt 4 rigidly to the breech slide S, so that they may together form a heavy breech closure, a known fastening means is provided, comprising a series of ribs on the olt adapted to interlock, by giving the bolt a rotary motion after it has been inserted into the slide, with a corresponding series of grooves formed in the slide, 'as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. lTo prevent accidental rotary movement of the breech bolt in the breech slide, the breech bolt is locked by a. safety piece 14, shown detached in Figs. 22 to 25 inclusive, and in its assembled relation in Figs. 2, 6, 7 and 12 to 15 inclusive, this piece ,servinr at the Same time to close the rear end oi? the longitudinal seat formed substantially in the axis of the bolt 4 to receive the ring pin and the sear. vThe safetyl piece 14 slides, for these and other purposes, v as will be described later, in a vertical groove formed in the rear end of the breech bolt, being guided therein and locked against movelnent in a horizontal direction by the well known rib and groove connection.` A forward extension 14a at the upper end o1 piece 14 is adapted to extend into a corresponding recess formed in the top wall 'o1' the breech slide, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6, thereby locking the breech bolt against rotar movement. s is clearly shown in Figs. 26,27 and 28, the body portion ofthe ring pin 10 is cylindrical in form and mounted for longitudinal movement in the afore-mentioned seat in the breech bolt 4, said seat being of cylindrical form at its forward .portion and substantially rectangular in cross section throughout itsl rear portion, as is clearly Shown in Figs. 32, 33, 36 and 37. The tiring point l0n is adapted to protrude through an opening 4n (Figs. l5 and 32) therefor in the forward wall of the firing pin seat of the bre-ach bolt and the firing point and the opening therefore are positioned to be in line with the axis of the bore of the barrel when the barrel is in locked position and to strike the center of a cartridge seated in the barrel chamber. In the particular embodiment of my invention here shown, the firing point 10@L is eccentrically disposed above the center of the forward cylindrical portion of the in in order that it may properly contact with) the primer of a cartridge seated in the barrel chamber. The firing pin 10 is formed on the under side of its rear portion with a longitudinal guide rib 10 which projects into a slot formed in said breech bolt'below the firing pin seat therein. See Figs. 12, 13, 15, 32, 33, 34, 36 and 37. This rib forms a cooking shoulder at its forward end for engagement by the sear 12 when the parts are in the cocked position. The sear 12 consists, as shown in Figs. 12, 13, 15, 27, 29 and 30 of a member having two arms arranged substantially at right angles to each other and is mounted for sliding movement longitudinally of the breech bolt, as well as for the usual pivotal' Said movement to release the firing pin. of its vertical arm, which is guided in the rearward rectangular portion of the longitudinal seat in the breech bolt (Figs. 12, 13, 30, 34 and 37).` This laterally enlarged upper end of the sear arm serves also as the abutment for the main spring 11, being adapted to receive the thrust of said spring through a collar 15a formed at the rear end of the guide rod 15, a small tit-shaped projection on the rear surface of said collar entering a recess in the upper end 12* of the vertical rear arm of the scar (Fig. 31) to position theV guide rod 15 and spring 11. -The forward end of the spring extends into arm is formed with an upward projection 12b vforming a rearward 'shoulder which cooperates With the hereinbefore described cooking shoulder on the guide rib b ofthe firing pin 10. From the foregoing descriptio'n and the showing in Figs. 13, 15 and 27, it will `be seen that, when the forward end of the sear is swung upwardly to bring the rearward facing shoulder thereon in front of the cocking shoulder on the 'firing pin, the main spring 11 will be under compression and Vwill operate to keep the firing pin and sear engaged. The comparatively deep cooking shoulder on the rib 10b slopes downwardly and forwardly and co-operates with the corresponding cooking shoulder on the sear when the sear is in cooking position under the tension of themain spring to hold the firing pin and sear so iirmly united that they cannot be sep` arated by any unusual jars to which the pistol may be subjected. It will be noted that my form of Sear, in its relation to the firing pin and other co-operating parts, acts not only to cock and uncock the firing pin, but serves also, by its rear vertical arm, as the seat against whichI the rear end of the main spring bears, thereby permitting this spring to function not only as the main spring but also as a sear spring. This organization of sear andiiring pin makes a unit of these two parts when they are in cocked position, whereby the sear partakes of a portion of the longitudinal movement of the firing pin, whereby these two parts occupy a minimum of space, and whereby they may be readily inserted into and removed from the breech bolt as a unit. Also, when the parts are cocked and the breech bolt has returned toits forward position, the rear vertical' arm of the sear is vin position to be engaged by the safety piece 14 to be locked by said piece against movement to release the Firing pin, as hereinafter described. Along the lower portion of its horizontal arm the Sear 12 is widened to form longitudinal'ledges 12CA on the opposite sides thereof, 1 the upper surfaces of these ledges, when the horizontal arm of the scar is raised at its forward end, acting to guide'and steady the sear in its longitudinal movement by their engagement with the underside of the breech bolt, 4 at the opposite sides of the verpositioned to project under the lateral intical slot therein. 'The ledge 12c formed on the right hand side of the sear 12 has the additional function of providing a shoulder o f substantial width and length (Fig. 29) l ward extension 13a (Figs. 7 and 17) at the rear end of( the sear connecting lever 13. This lever is pivoted on a .stud 13h (Figs. 14, 34 and 36.) formed on the right hand side of the breech bolt. To' hold the lever on its pivot stud when the breech bolt is removed from 'the breech slide said lever may be' formed with a thin lip 13 at its upper edge adapted to project under va ortion of the extractor '16, thereby preventlng removal of the lever without rst removing the extractor. The automatic cooking of the armfis 'a downward projection 12d, which is located above a transverse recess 17 formed in the upper surface of the frame, as shown in Fig. 14, lwhenthe parts arein the firing position. If now, the trigger 8 is pulled back, it operates in the manner hereinbefore described, to raise the forward end and lower the rear end of the sear connecting levoer in such manner that the inward projection 13a bears upon the forward end of-the ledge 12c of the seary (Fig. 14) and thus depresses the forward end of the sear-12 to release the ring pin 10 to fire a shot, assumingthat a cartridge is located in the barrel chamber. When the rsear 12 is accordingly .held stationary be cause of theengagement ofthe rear surface of its downward projection 12d with the rear wall of the recess 17 and the engagement of the upper surface of projection 12b with the under surface of firing pin rib 10b, and since the firing pin 10 is constrained to move rearward with the breech slide 2 and breech bolt 4 the main spring 11 will be compressed against the vertical rear arm of the sear until the rearward movement of the firing pin has brought the cooking shoulder on its guide rib l()b opposite the co-operating shoulder on the sear 1-2. When the parts arrive in this position, the camming action offthe inclined rear surface'on the4 downward-proj ection 12d of the sear a ainslt the cgi-respondingly inclined rear wal of the rcess 17 iny the frame'and't "tension of thel main spring 11 together cause the sear to swing upwardy at its forward end to assume the position shown in Fig. 13. The downward projection 12d having left the (recess 17 in the frame, the Sear will now participate in the further rearward movement ofthe breech slide, the lower portions of the Sear being guided in .a shallow longitudinal groove formed in the \top of the frame' from the transverse recess downward projection 121V at the forward end of .thek scar 12 comes intok 'engagement with ortiony yof the yforwardwall ot the recess 1y kin the frame, the forward wall y -being- Lhigher than the `rear wall of saidk the kupper recess (Figs. 6, 14 and 15), and the sear and firing 'pinare thus prevented fromy takmg part in thek final movement of the breech A slide, therebyy bringing them in the cocked ioy condition to a rearward position in the breech bolt 4 as shown yin Figs. 14 and .1.5.y c f It `will be seen by reference to Figs. 14 and i fr 17-that the lateral inward extension'la at i. mate point in the pull of the trigger kwhen v the firing pin will be released. vBy making the kengaging surface of the extension 13a 4slope upwardlyy ina gradualr curve from front to rear, they point of Contact between y k"extension 13k and the sear ledgelwill move kso f force exerted on the sear and requiring fin-r rearwardlyalong the Sear ledge as thetrig-k ger is drawn rearwardly andthe ysear 1sy de`r pressed, therebyk decreasing ythe kleverage ycreased pull on the trigger as'the iringpoint is approached. kThis necessity for an `in-y creased pull on thek trigger gives they shooter f warning of the time of yrelease'of ther firing 1n. p If, while the parts are in the cocked position, shown in Figs. l14 and 15, it is desired to lockthe firing mechanism, vthis may be done through the co-operation of the safety piece 14 with a part of thefiring mechanism, namely, the sear 12, whereby sald scar is locked against movement to release the vfiring pin. For this purpose the safety piece 14 can be moved to a lower position, as' shown in Fig. 15. Inwardly projecting ribs 14" are provided at the opposite sides of the upper portion of a verticaL groove (Figs. 15, 22 and 25), into which groove the rear portion of the vertical arm of the sear 12 projects when the parts are in the firing position as shown in Figs. 14 and 15. The ribs 14" engage in corresponding grooves 12 (Figs. l15 and 29) formed in the opposite sides of the upper portion of said sear arm, and thereby lock the sear against swinging movement to release the firing pin. When moved to its lower position (Fig. 15) not only does the piece 14 1ock.their1ng mechanlsm, but' it also serves to lock the breech bolt 4 and consequently the breech slide 2 against rearward movement. For this purpose, the bifurcated lower end [of the safety piece 14 see Figs. 15, 22 and 24, 4A .isadapted to enter corresponding recesses on 'with the heads of the screws 21. n n n plungers 19are radapted toy engage corre-f 18 in the frame (Figs. 8, 10 and 15) when the safety piece is in-its lower position. In` order to retain the safety piece/14 either inits upper or in its lower positionsy andto allow it vto be readily shifted from yone position to the other at the will of the shooter, co-operating means are providedon said piece 14 and the breech bolt 4 Lfor yieldingly'holding thepiece in either position. To this end, the safety piecev is provided 'with a transverse seat in which are arranged [opposed plungers y19 actuated to project ylaterally from the safety piece 14 bya com mon spring 20.(Fig-24) theloutward more# ment of saidplungers beingy limitedby thek engagement of stopshoulders formed ,there spending recesses 22 and 23 (Figs. 32' and 33) formed in the sidewalls of the vertical groove in which thesa-fetypiece 14 is guided Lin the rear end of the bolt 4. "Thesere- -f cesses are yshallow and have'their edges tions of the plungers engaging said recesses' The' are correspondingly formed(see"Figs. 22, 23and 24),-whereby-r it is possible forthey shooter yby simply pressing upwardly on the ypiece 14 to moveit from' its' lower position where the plungers :19 are; inv engagement with the lower recesses 22 to the upper position, the plungersvbeing cammed out of the klower recesses 22 insomoving the safety fpiece'14 and rfinally snapping into the upper w y recesses 23 when theyare moved opposite s'ald recesses, and vice versa. Provision is made to prevent the accidental movement of the safety piece 14 'upwardly above the position shown in Figs. 2, 6, 12 and 13, and such limiting means may consist in having the vertical.. grooves at the sides of the safety piece 14 terminate short of the lower end of said member,`as shown in Figs. 22 and 225. In order to prevent injury to theparts, if the safety piece 14 should be accidentally moved to its lower position while the slide 2 is in its rearward position, the lower forward portion of. said piece is formed with a beveled surface (Figs. 6, 13, 15 and 23) and a corresponding surface is 'formed at the rear of the frame (Figs. 2, 6, 9 and 12 to l5) so that even if the slide 2-is' permitted to return forward vunder the tension of the reaction spring 6 when the safety piece 14 is in its lower position, no 'harm will result, because saidpiece will be automatically cammed up Vto its upper position by the engagement of its beveled surface with the corresponding surface on the/frame. ' The usuaitl'magazine` is shown as held by thev catch 31, F ig. 2, in a seat formed to receive said magazine in the downwardly extending'grip\portion of the frame, and is 'provided with the follower 25 which isthe cartridges are removed, by the follower spring 26 which is guidedat its upper end by the downward projection a on the follower, and which bears at its lower end against the bottom 24a of the magazine. As shown in Figs. 11, 19 and 20 the forward portion of the magazine is' ofless height than the rear portion which permits the front portion of the follower to project above the forward edge of the magazine when the last cartridge is gone. This is for a purpose about to be described. To indicate to the shooter that the maga. zine has become empty, means are provided to co-operate with the follower 25. when it rises to its highest position (Fig. 20) after the last cartridge has been removed from the magazine and tired,y to stop the breech slide 2 in its rearward position, as shown in Figs. 6 and 20. Such means may comprise a substantially cylindrical slide stop 27 having its lower portion extending into a hole formed in the frame just forward of the magazine seat and adjacent the left hand side of the fra-me. A light spring 27L secured at one end to the body of the slide stop," as shown in Fig. 21, and bearing with its opposite end against the wall of the hole, frictionally holds said stop either in its operative or in its inoperative position. Near its upper end the stop 27 is formed with, a rearward projection 27c which extends over the low forward wall of the magazine 24 into the path of the magazine followers 25. See Fig. 8. yNormally the slide stop 27 is in its inoper- Vative position shown in Fig. 19, where it permits unobstructed movement of the slide 2, but after thelast cartridge has been removed from the magazine, the follower 25 in rising to its uppermost position shown in Fig. 20, engages the rearward projection 27 c on the slide stop and lifts the same, when the'breech slide recoils after the firing of said last cartridge, so that its upper end projects into a recess 2c formed in the bottom of the left-hand wall of the breech slide 2, and holds the slide retracted near itsn rearwhich the slide stop 27 is depressed by simply grasping'the slide 2 andretracting it to its rearmost position, during which movement an inclined surface at the forward end of the recess 2' in the vslidev engages a .corresponding surface on the forward side of the upper end of the slide stop 27, thereby -camming` the stop to its lower inoperative position. The breech slide 2 can now be moved forward to tiring positlon, at the same time forcing the topmost cartrldge from the magazine into the chamber of the barrel and thus again conditioning the arm for continued tiring aslong as there are any cartridges in the magazine. It will be noted that the frame iswiderthan customary and the slide is carried inside the frame. The stop 27 can therefore cooperate with the slide and yet be entirely concealed within the frame where it can not be tampered with. A attened extension on the lower end of the slide stop-27 permitsl the slide stop to serve as a small screw driver if one is. desired. The cartridge extractor l16 (Figs. 14 and 16) is provided with the usual hook-shaped forward end for engaging the groove at'the base of a cartridge and is formed at its rear end as shown in Fig. 16 with a thin rounded extension 16b adapted to be inserted into a longitudinally extending hole on the breech bolt (Figs. 14 andv 37). The extractor is held against longitudinal movement by an inwardly projecting stud 16a near its front end engaging in a recess therefor in the bolt 4, and it is also held against vertical movement at its forward end by reason of its location between two projecting lugs on the bolt 4 (Figs. 14 and 35). The side of the bolt oppositethe extractor is formed with the usual forward projection (Figs. 34 and 35) to support the head of a cartridge on the side thereof opposite said extractor. The ejector 29 as clearly shown in Fig. 9, projects upwardly into a vertical longitudinally extending groove formed ,in the under side of the left-hand side of the breech bolt 4', and when the breech bolt recoils with the breech slide 2 after the firing of a shot, the extractor 16 'withdraws the cartridge case in- Fig. 9, where the ejector is shown pro-- jecting from the front face of the breech bolt and engaging the base of the cartridge to swing it outplaterally through the ejection opening in the right-hand side of the breech slide in the usual manner. For convenience of manufacture, the` ejector is. as shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10, integrally formed at the forward portion of a piece 29a, constituting a part of the frame 1 of the arm but formed separately from the main body of said frame, being securely united to said body by any suitable means, such as the screws 30, shown in-Fig. 8. 'L' The main parts of the arm can be readily disassembled as follows: vThe magazine 24 'is removed by pressing ,in the magazine catch 31 allowing the magazine to dropout of the frame.' The breech slide 2 is now drawn rearwardly to its rearmost position, where the safety piece 14 can'be removed by downward pressure thereon. This leaves the rearend of the breech bolt 4 open for the withdrawal of the Afiring pin 10 and Sear 12 lll) y to be withdrawn rearwardly. By raising lli in the cocked condition shown in Fig. 27. After the withdrawal of these parts from thebolt 4, it can be rotated through approximately 90 to disengage the rib and groove connection, .locking t-he bolt to the breech slide, thereby permitting said bolt the forward end of the arm so as to cause the barrel 3 to remain in its rearward posi? provements and for the purpose of explaining the nature of my improvements, various features of my invention may be eniployed independently of the Irest and in hand-operated or other firearms of a different kind from. thatwhich I have described herein, and that various changes in the form and arrangement of the parts may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention. What I claim and desire to secure by Y Letters Patent is: ' means operative when said barrel and framel are in their forward rlng pos1t1on, to main-p 1. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a frame, a recoiling breech slide mounted for longitudinal movement on said frame, a recoiling barrel mounted for longitudinal movement relative to said frame, means for interlockin said barrel, -and frame, a cam on said. arrel and a transverse pin on said frame adapted to cooperate with said cam to render said interlocking tainsaid parts in their locked relation during the initial recoil of said parts and there- 'after to unlock said parts during their fur-v l ther recoil. 2. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a frame, a recoiling breech .slide mountedfor longitudinal movement on said frame, a recoiling barrel mounted for longitudinal movement relative to said frame, means for interlocking said barrel and frame, a cam on' vsaid barrel, and a transverse pin on said frame adapted to cooperate to render said interlocking means operativev when 'said barrel and frame are in their forward firing position, to maintain said parts interlocked during their initial recoil, thereaftento unlock said parts during their further recoil and to limit the rearward movement of thebarrel. breech slide and a recoiling barrel mounted thereon, said barrel being so mounted as to be capable of being tilted relative to said slide, means for interlocking said barrel and slide, a lug on said barrel extending into said recess in said frame and having a cam groove, and a fixed transverse pin in said recess positioned to cooperate with said vcam groove, whereby said barrel and slide' are held interlocked when in their forward firing position and during their initial recoil, whereby the barrel is tilted out of interlocked relation with said slide during their further rearward movement and whereby the rearward movement of the barrel is limited by engagement of said pin with ,the front end of said groove. l 4. In an automatic rearm, the combination of a frame, a breech slide mounted for longitudinal movement on..said frame, a barrel also mounted for longitudinal :movei ment relative to said fra-me, means for intei-locking said barrel and slide, a lug on said barrel having a cam groove, a cam pin on said frame, and an abutment onsaid frame, said cam groove and pin cooperating during the rearward movement of said barrel and slide to unlock said barrel and slide and to limit the rearward movement of said barrel and said lug engaging said abutment on the frame on the forward movement-'of said barrel and slide and limiting the forward movement of said barrel andA slide. 5. In a firearm, the combination of a frame, a trigger pivotallymounted therein, means whereby said trigger may be dismounted from said frame by rotating it a predetermined distance beyond its normal movement in one direction, and means to yieldingly oppose such rotation of the trigger. 6. In a firearm, the combination4 of av frame having a seat for the trigger pivot and a slot narrower than the diameter of said seat extending from said seatI to the outer surface of the frame, ind a trigger having a pivot with flattened sides permitting said pivot to be passed through said slot for assembly or disassembly of the trigger when the lsame has been rotated a predetermined distance beyond its normal limit of'movement in one direction. 7. .lIng aa' rearm, v*the 'combination of a frame, a trigger pivotally mounted therein, a trigger pawl pivotally mounted on said trigger, afcommon spring for said trigger and said pawl also` mounted on said trigger, and means whereby the trigger and the parts lmounted thereon may be disassembled.V as a unit from the frame by rotating said trigger a predetermined distance beyond its normal limit of movement in one direction. 8. In a firearm, the combination of a 3. In an automatic lirearm, the combinawliframe, a barrel removably mounted theretionof a frame having a recess, a recoilmg on, a trigger pivotally mounted in said frame, means whereby the trigger may be dismounted from the frame by rotating it a predetermined distance beyond its normal limit of movement in one direction, and -means comprising a part of said barrel for preventing such abnormal movement while the barrel -is in assembled position on the frame. 9. In, a firearm, the combina-tion 4of a frame havinga recess therein, a barrel having a lug projecting into said recess, a trigger mounted in said frame below said lug, and means whereby said trigger may be disassembled from the frame by rotation beyond its normal limit of movement in a forward direction, said barrel lug being so positioned as to prevent such rotation of the trigger while the barrel is in assembled position in the firearm. 10. In a. firearm, the combination of a frame having an abutment, a trigger pivotally mounted in said frame and deinountable by rotating it a predetermined distance beyondits normal limit of movement in one direction, a trigger pawl mounted on said trigger in co-operative relation with said abutment, and a spring mounted on said trigger and normally holding said pawl against said abutment, as and for-the pur- Vpose specified. 11. In an automatic firearm, .the combination of a frame, a reeoiling breech slide, a recoiling barrel, means for interlocking said barrel and slide when in their forward pos'tion, a lug on said barrel having cam surfaces, a cam pin on said frame, and a trigger pivota'lly mounted in said frame, means whereby said trigger may be removed from said frame when it has beeii rotated a predetermined distance beyond its normal limit of movement in one direction, said lug being so positioned as to co-operate with said cam pin to unlock the barrel and frame during their recoil and to engage said trigger when it is rotated beyond its normalposition Aand thereby prevent disassembly of said trigger from said frame when the barrel is in assembled position in said firearm. 12. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a frame, a trigger mounted in said frame` a breech closure .mounted for longitudinal reeiprocatory movement on said frame` a. spring-actuated firing pin and a seal' for holding said firing pin in cocked condition, both carried by said breech closure, a sear connecting lever mounted on said closure, and means operatively connecting said trigger and said lever only when the breech closure is in its forward position. 13. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a frame. a trigger mounted in said frame, a breech bolt mounted for longitudinal movement on said frame, a firing pin and a sear carried by said. bolt, a. sear connecting lever mounted on `said bolt, and means operatively connect-- ing said lever with said trigger, said means comprising a trigger pawl pivotal'lyl and yieldingly mounted on said trigger whereby it will yield longitudinally of the frame if the trigger is held back when the bolt moves to its forward position and will return into operative relation with said lever upon the release of said trigger. 14. In. a firearm, a breech bolt having a longitudinal seat, a firing pin mounted for longitudinal movement in said seat, a -mainl spring therefor, and a sear mounted in said seat and forming an abutment for said main spring. 15. In a firearm. a breech bolt having a longitudinal seat open to the rear, a firing pin mounted for 'longitudinal movement in said seat. a main spring therefor, a sear mounted. in said seat and forming ,an abutment for. said main spring, and a closure for the rear end of said seat forretaining said firing pin, main spring and scar in assembled relation with said breech bolt. 16. In a firearm, a breech bolt having a longitudinal seat open to the rear, a firing pin, main spring and sear independent of said firing pin insertable as a unit into said seat through said open rear end, and a closure for the rear end of said seat for retaining said firing pin, main spring and Sear in assembled relation with said bolt. ' 17. In a firearm, a breech bolt, a firing pin having a cooking shoulder, a main spring having one end thereof bearing against said firing pin, a scar serving as an abument for the other end of said mainspring and hav' ing a shoulder for operative engagement with the cooking shoulder on said firing pin, whereby said mainspring serves to hold the firing pin andthe sear together in the cocked condition, and a seat in said breech bolt in which the firing pin, mainspring and sear are mounted for longitudinal movement whereby said bolt and said pin, spring and sear may have relative longitudinal movement. f- 18. lIn a firearm, a breech bolt having a i longitudinal seat, a firing 'p in, main spring' and sear insertable as a unit into said seat in the cocked condition` a closure for the rear end of said seat for retaining said firin. A pin, main spring and sear mounted in sai seat, said closure bemg'adapted to lock the sear against movement touncock the firing pin. 19. In a firearm, the combination of a breech bolt, a firing pin and sear mounted in said-breech bolt, said-firing pin and said sear Ihaving cooperating rocking shoulders, said sear having an abutment, and a main spring bearing at one end against the firing pin and at the othen'against thek sear abutresponding locking grooves and ribs, respecment, 'whereby said spring will yieldingly hold said cooking shoulders in cocking engagement. 20.l In a firearm, the combination of a firing pin having a cocking shoulder, a floating sear having a horizontalarm with .a cooking shoulder to cooperate with said shoulder on the firing pin and a vertical arm, and a spring abutting at one end against lthe firing pin and at its oth`er"-end against said vertical scar arm, whereby when the' cooking shoulders are in cooking engagement said spring will be compressed and yieldingly hold said shoulders in firm engagement. d ' 21. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a frame, a breech'bolt mounted vfor longitudinal movement on said frame, firing mechanism movably mounted in said bolt, Yand means carried by said bolt for simultaneously locking said mechanism againstfiring movement and said` bolt against longitudinal movement on the frame. 22. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a frame, a breech bolt mounted for longitudinal movement on said frame, a spring-actuated firing pin carried by said bolt, a sear also carried by said bolt and i operative to hold said firing pin in cocked condition, and a slidable safety vmember mounted on said bolt and movable to lock said sear against movement to uncock'said .firing pin and to lock said breech bolt against longitudinal movement. 23. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a breech bolt, a spring-actuated firing pin mounted in said bolt, a sear mounted for pivotal movement in said bolt and operative to cock said firing pin, and a slidably safety member on said bolt, said Sear and said safety member being formed with cortively, whereby said safety member may be moved to interlock said grooves and ribs and thereby to prevent movement of said 'sear to uncoek the firing pin. 24. In an automatic firearm, combination of a frame, a breech bolt mounted for longitudinal movement on said frame, a firing pin andv a sear mounted for longitudinal movement relative to said frame, and means for holding the sear against rearward movement during the initial rearward movement of said firing pin' after firing a shot1 whereby the firing pin in its rearward movement engages with said Sear to automatically cock. .said pin. v25. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a frame having a shoulder, a breech bolt mounted for longitudinal movement on said frame, and a spring-actuated firing pin and a Asear having cooperating cooking shoulders and both mounted for longitudinaL movement, said scar having a shoulder cooperating with the shoulder on the frame to hold the scar against rearward movement during the rearward movement of said bolt and firing pin after firing a shot and until said cooking shoulders engage each other, whereby the firin pin in its rearward motion with said bo t engages with said scar to automatically cock said pin. 26. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a movably mounted firing pin, a movably mounted Sear having an vupwardly extending arm and a forwardly extending arm, a, main spring abutting at one end against said firing pin and at its other end against said. upwardly extending sear arm, and cooperating cooking shoulders on said forwardly extending scar arm and said firing pin, whereby the said spring will hold said shouldersv 1n firm cocked engagement and whereby the firing pin and sear, when4 cocked, can be moved as a unit. 27. In an automatic firearm, the combinat-ion of a recoiling firing pin, a longitudinall movable scar, cooking shoulders on said firing pin and scar, an abutment on said seal', a main spring bearing at one end against said firing pin and at the other' against said sear abutment, means for holding said seal' against rearward movement on the initial recoil of said firing pin, whereby said cocking shoulders will engage to cock said pin and said pin and sear will thereafter move rearwardly together, means for arresting the forward motion of said firing pin and sear and means for uncocking said pin whereby it will move to full forward position to fire a shot. u 28. In an automatic firearm,`the combination of a frame, a breech bolt mounted for longitudinal reclprocatory movement on said frame, a firing pm and afsear both mounted for longitudinal movement in said bolt, cocking shoulders on said )in and seal', iin-inclined surface on said rame and a like inclined surface on said sear, said surfaces coment during the initial recoil of said bolt and pin and until said in has reached a position where said cQckmg shoulders can engage. each other and then moving said Sear to cock said pin. 29. In an automatic firearm, the combina# tion of a frame having a transverse recess formed in its up er surface, a longitudinall movable breec 1 bolt, a firing pnmounted for longitudinal movement in said bolt and having a depending longitudinal rib forming a cockin'g'shoulder, a main spring for actuating said firing pin, and a scar mounted for.1ongitudinal and pivotal movement in said bolt and serving as an abutment for the main spring, said sear having a forwardly extending armbelow` said firing pin provided with a rearward facin shoulder for firing pin and provided also withv a downward projection near its forward lend arranged above said transverse recess in the frame'when the parts are in the firing position, said projection. entering said recess when t-lie sear is moved to uncock the firing pin and being held therein by the engagc' nient of said sear arii'i with the under surface of said depending rib on the forward movement of the firing pin to fire a shot and said sear projection being held in said recess during the initial rearward movement of the firing pin and bolt whereby the antoiiiatic cocking of the arin is effected. 30. In an'automatic firearm, combination of a frame having a transverse recess with a high front wall and a low rear wall, a longitudinally movable breech bolt, a longitudinally movable firing pin, a iii-ainv spring, a longitudinally movable scar, co-opcrating cocking shoulders on said scar and pin, a downward project-ion on said sear positioned above said recess when the parts are in their I cocked firing position, said projection entering said recess when the sear is moved to uncock the firing pin, the said low rear wall of said recess engaging said projection to hold the sear against rearward inoven'icntduring the initial recoil of said bolt and pin whereby said rocking shoulders engage each other and said high front wall engaging said projection on forward motion of said pin and sear to hold said scar against full forward mo-v tion and to hold said pin from full forward motion until said cocking shoulders are disengaged, and means for diseiigaging said cooking shoulders. 3l. 1n an automatic firearm, the combination of al frame, a breech slide mounted for longitudinal reciprocatory movement on said frame, a breech bolt adapted to be secured in said slid )y a rotary movement, and a safety men'i'ner inovably mounted on said breech bolt and adapted to be at Will moved into either of two operative positions, said safety member, when in one of said posil tions, being adapted tolock said breech b`olt lagainst rotary movement and, when in the other of said posit-ions, beingadapted to also lock said bolt and slide against longitudinal y,movement on the frame. 32. In an` automatic firearm, the combina tion of a frame having a locking recess, a breech slide'mounted for longitudinal recip rocatory movement on said frame, a breech bolt adapted to be secured iii'said slide by a rotary motion, a vertically slidable member at the rear end of said bolt and adapted to be at will moved into either of two opera tive positions, said member, when in its upper position, locking said breech bolt against rotary movement and, when in its lower position, also locking said bolt and 'de against longitudinal movement by reasoniof vthe engagement of its lower portion with said locking recess in the frame, and meansl for yieldingly holding said member in either position. 32h In an a'utomatic firearm, the combination of a frame having a recess at itsA rear end, a breech bolt mounted for longitudinal reciprocatory movement on said frame, a safety member mounted for vertical Inovenient at the rear end of said bolt, said safety member being constructed and arranged, when in its lower positionyto cooperate with said recess iii the frame to lock the breech bolt in its forward position, and correspending cani surfaces at the lower end of said nieiiibei' and at the rear end of said frame, respectively, said surfaces cooperating, if the safety' member is moved to its lower position while the breech bolt is in a Jrearward position, to automatically move said safety member to its upper position during'the forward movement of said bolt. 34. 1n an automatic firearm, the conibination of a frame, a breech slide mounted for llongitudinal movement on said frame, a breech bolt adapted to be secured in said slide` firing mechanism inovably mounted'in said bolt, a safety member slidably mounted on said breech bolt and adapted to be at will moved into either of two operative positions, said safety member, whenin one of said positions, being adapted to lock said breech bolt from movement, relative to said slide and to also lock said firing mechanism against firing movement, and means `for yieldingly holding said member in either posit-ion. 35. In an automatic firearm, the combina tion of a breech bolt having a longitudinalv iio tion in said bolt, and means on said closurel for locking said, sear against movement to uncoek the firing p1n. 36. In an automatic firearm, the combina tion of a reeiproeatory breech slide, a breech bolt, means for interlocking said breeclr bolt with said slide, a longitudinal seat in said bolt 'open at the rear, a firing pin land sear mounted for longitudinal nievenient in said seat,- a closure for the rear end of said seat inovably mounted at the rear end -of said bolt, means on said closure forflocking said'bolt from disengagement withsaid slide, and means on said closure for locking said sear from movement. ' .37. In' an automatic firearm, the combination of a frame' having a substantially vertical magazine seat therein, a cartridge magazine removably held in said seat and having a low forward wall, a spring actuv below said side wall of the breech slide, a spring for frictionally holding said stop against movement, said stop having a rearward projection extending over the low for ward wall of said magazine into the pat-h of said follower, whereby said follower, after the last cartridge has been removed from the magazine and fired, lifts the slide stop to cause its upper end to project in. front of the rear wall of said recess, there'- by stopping said slide in a rearward position, and cooperating surfaces on the upper end of said stop and on the forward wall of said recess, res iectively, whereby the stop may -be autolnatlcally depressed to its inoperative position by manually -retracting said slide rearwardly on the frame. 38. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a frame, recoiling mechanism mounted on said frame, a cartridge magazine and a follower therein, means mounted inside the frame and positioned to be actuated by engagementby said follower when in its raised position and the magazine is empty to engage said recoiling mechanism and stop its normal return movement after recoil, and means on said recoiling mechanism'whieh will engage said stop means on retraction of said mechanism and return it to its normal vnoncngaging position when free from engagement by said follower.v 39. .In an automatic firearm, the combination of'a trigger, a firing member, a sear, means for-engaging said Sear-with said .firing member to cock the same, means for operatively connecting said trigger with said scar, said means comprising a connecting lever positioned to engage said sear and to be engaged by said trigger, and means whereby the pointof contact betweensaid l lever and said sear is, during the pull of the trigger, shifted in such manner as to decrease the leverage exerted by vsald lever andV thereby necessitate aneincreased ull on the trigger as the moment of uncockm'g the firing member is approached. '40. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a trigger, a firing member, a` sear, ' means for engaging said sear with said firing member to cock the same, a connecting ,lever positioned totransmit motion of the trigger to said scarto uncock said firing member and engaging surfaces on said lever and said scar, one of said surfaces being substantially' convex whereby the point of contact between said surfaces is, during the pull on the trigger, shifted to decrease the. leverage exerted by saidlever on saidv scar to thereby necessitate an increased pull on the'trigger as the moment of uncocklng the firing mechanism is approached. 41. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a breech bolt, a firing pin, a' senr, a Sear connecting lever removably and pivotally mounted on said bolt, an extractor removably mounted on said bolt, and means for securing such extractor against movement relative to said bolt, said extractor overlying a portion of said lever and thereby holding the same in operative position on said bolt. 42. In an 'automatic firearm, the combination of a breech bolt, a Sear, a scar connector pivotally mounted on said bolt, said con` nector having a projecting lip portion, and means on said bolt to overlie said lip portion and hold said connector 'in operativel position on said bolt. i 43. In an automatic firearm, the combination of a breech bolt, a sear connector pivot ally mounted on said bolt and having a projecting lip portion, and an extractor mounted on said bolt, said extractor having a rearwardly extending portion overlying said lip and thereby holding said connector in operative position on said bolt. 44. In an automatic firearm, the combination ot' a frame. a trigger mounted in said frame, a breech closure mounted forlongitudinal recipromitory movement on said frame. a spring actuated firing pin and a sear for holding said firing in in cocked condition both carried by said breech closure, a scar connecting lever, and means operatively connecting said trigger and said lever only when the breech closure is in its forward position. 45. In a firearm, a combinationvof a firing pin'having a cooking shoulder, asear having a horizontal arm provided with a shoulder to co-operate 'with the, shoulder on the firing in and a verticaY' arm, and a spring bearlng at one end against the firing pin and at its other end against said vertical sear arm, whereby, when said shoulders are in engagement, said spring' will be compressed and yieldingly keep said firing pm nlu and sea'r together to permit assembling or l disassembling these parts as a unit. vThis specification signed and witnessed

A Blog About Homesteading, Family, Life, Self-Sufficiency, Canning, Long-term Food Storage, Disaster Preparedness, and So Much More !

Description United States Patent [191 Atchisson 45] Nov. 26, 1974 FIREARM APPARATUS [76] inventor: Maxwell G. Atchisson, Apt. 1, Building 14, Sussex Cir., Marietta, Ga. 30060 22 Filed: May 3, 1972 21 Appl. No.: 250,006 Primary Examiner-Stephen C. Bentley Attorney, Agent, or FirmJones, Thomas & Askew 5 7 ABSTRACT Firearm apparatus embodied in a semi-automatic, blowback operated rifle. The firearm includes a receiver made of two plates spaced apart to receive a bolt mechanism including a bolt mounted for reciprocal motion within a channel-shaped member; the operating spring for the bolt assembly is received in a slot within the bolt and is retained in place by the channelshaped member. A unitary firing pin/extractor carried by the bolt functions as a firing pin and also provides multiple extractor functions. A simplified firing mechanism includes a hammer positioned to the rear of a cartridge magazine and operatively connected by a three-finger sear bar to a trigger mounted in front of the magazine. A safety mechanism is provided in conjunction with the trigger guard. Numerous components of this firearm apparatus provide multiple functions contributing to the economy and efficiency of the present firearm apparatus. 16 Claims, 11 Drawing Figures SHEET 10F 4 PATEN I E RSV 2 61974 N wshs. PATENI wsv'z 61974 sum u or 4 FIG FIG I! FIG FIREARM APPARATUS The present invention relates in general to firearm apparatus and in particular to a firearm having improved overall design and incorporating a number of improved subassemblies and components. While the prior art of firearms includes examples of autoloading and semi-automatic firearms too numerous for specific mention, these firearms generally employ operating mechanisms including a substantial number of moving parts which have close tolerances and which, therefore, are expensive to manufacture. The mechanical complexity of such firearms inevitably results in a weapon in which the desired capability of semiautomatic or autoloading operation is obtained at the cost of increased weight, difficulty of cleaning and maintenance, and increased likelihood of malfunctioning, undesirable features of a firearm whether intended for use as a sporting arm or a combat weapon. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide improved firearm apparatus. It is another object of the present invention to provide improved autoloading firearm apparatus. It is another object of the present invention to provide improved semi-automatic firearm apparatusf It is still another object of the present invention to provide improved bolt assembly apparatus for use in a firearm. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide improved firing pin and cartridge extractor apparatus for use with a firearm. It is a further object of the present invention to provide improved firing mechanism for use with a firearm. It is another object of the present invention to provide safety apparatus for use with a firearm. It is another object of the present invention to provide sight apparatus for use with a firearm. Other objects and many of the attendant advantages ofthe present invention will become apparent from the following description of a disclosed embodiment of the invention, including the following drawings, in which: FIG. I shows a partially sectioned elevation view of a rifle according to a disclosed embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the rifle shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the receiver assembly of the disclosed embodiment; FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of the bolt assembly contained in the receiver assembly of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a partial section view showing details of the firing mechanism, the safety, and other features of the disclosed embodiment; FIG. 6 is a section view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. I and illustrating an interconnection between the halves of the stock according to the present embodiment; FIG. 7 is a section view showing an alternative to the stock interconnection of FIG. 6 and including a loop for attaching a sling; FIG. 8 is a section view taken along line 8--8 of FIG. 3, showing the internal arrangement of the bolt assemy; FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a disclosed embodiment of the firing pin/extractor of the present invention; FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of the rear sight according to the disclosed embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. I 1 shows a partial view of the front sight according to the disclosed embodiment of the present invention. Stated in general terms, the firearm of the present invention includes an operating mechanism designed to be fabricated substantially or completely from stamped components which require only a minimal amount of precision machining operations. A receiver assembly is provided including a pair of parallel, spaced-apart plates within which is positioned the bolt assembly, which includes a bolt housing defining a channel for re ciprocal movement of a bolt member disposed therein. A combination firing pin/extractor disposed on the bolt provides multiple functions associated with the firing of a round and subsequent extraction of the cartridge casing. Ejection of the cartridge is provided by an extension of a member forming the rear wall of the magazine housing. A firing mechanism is provided including a sear bar having separate fingers for trigger contact, hammer release, and hammer engagement to prevent hammer-followthrough action, and includes a safety actuating member mounted within the trigger guard. The trigger guard also forms part of the magazine housing and the cartridge loading ramp. A rear sight is provided including an adjustment feature, and a front fixed sight is provided to be capable of permanent adjustment. Stated more particularly and with reference taken to the Figures, the disclosed embodiment of the present invention as particularly seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a rifle indicated generally at 15 and of the type known as a carbine. The rifle 15 includes a stock 16 advantageously formed of two halves l7 and 18 which envelope most of the receiver and the barrel, as pointed out below. The halves 17 and 18 of the stock may be molded from a suitable plastic material having the desired resistance to physical stress and the like. The two halves of the stock 16 may be secured together at two or more locations, one of which is shown in FIG. 1 and is detailed in FIG. 6, including a pair of bosses l9 and 20 extending to provide the proper spacing between the two halves of the stock. A suitable fastening member such as the bolt 21 extends through aligned openings in the bosses l9 and 20. The opening through the boss 20 has a threaded portion 22 for engagement with the threaded portion 23 of the bolt 21, and has an unthreaded remainder portion 24 of sufficient diameter to i permit free passage of the bolt threaded portion 23. The opening 25 extending through the boss 19 is threaded along a portion of its length. The presence of the unthreaded portion 24 enables the stock halves 17 and 18 to be separated by unscrewing the threaded portion 23 of the bolt from the corresponding threaded portion 22, thereby enabling the bolt to be removed from the threaded portion 22 of the opening while selectively retaining the bolt 21 in captivity on the stock half 18. Although only a single stock connecting location is shown on the drawings, it will be understood that at least one other such connection is provided preferably at a location adjacent the front end 28 of the stock. If it is desired to equip the rifle IS with a sling, the necessary sling connection may advantageously be provided as shown in FIG. 7, by removing each bolt 21 and substituting a swivel connector including a sling loop 29 mounted in a bushing 30 retained against the stock by a bolt 31 which differs from the bolt 21 primarily in the provision of an elongated shank 32. In this way, a rifle according to the present invention can be normally furnished to all users having the stock interconnection as I shown in FIG. 6, and can be rapidly and inexpensively converted to receive a sling without required drilling and with only a conventional screwdriver. Returning to FIG. 1, the rifle includes a receiver section shown generally at 34 and including a bolt member 35 positioned therein. The bolt member 35, which includes a cocking member 36 extending outwardly of the receiver section and the stock 16, is mounted for reciprocal movement by a first member such as the dowel pin 37 extending through a first slot 38 in the bolt member, and by a second member such as a second dowel pin 40 extending through a bolt bushing 39 slidably received within a second slot 41 of the bolt member. The bolt member 35 is normally maintained in the fully-forward position by an operating spring such as the compression coil spring 42 disposed in the second slot 41 to interact between the bolt bushing 39 and end of the slot. The bolt member 35 includes a cartridge moving member 46 which extends downwardly from the remainder of the bolt member and on which is positioned the firing pin/extractor 47. The construction and operation of the cartridge moving portion 46 and the firing pin/extractor 47 is discussed in detail below. The rifle 15 includes a rifle barrel 48 having a cartridge-receiving chamber 49 positioned immediately adjacent the front face 50 of the cartridge moving member 46. It is particularly apparent in FIGS. 1 and 5 that the front face 50 includes a portion defining a surface 51 which is spaced forward a predetermined distance relative to the front face 50. The normal position of the bolt member 35 in the full-forward position defined by engagement of the dowel pin 37 with the back end of the first slot 38, under the influence of the spring 42, is selected with reference to the positioning of the barrel 48 to provide a small amount of clearance at 53 between the surface 51 and the chamber end 52 of the barrel. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the head spacing clearance 53 defined between the front face 50 of the cartridge moving member 46 and the chamber end 52 of the barrel must be suited to the rim of the particular cartridge for which the rifle is chambered. It will be seen that the disclosed embodiment of the present invention is chambered and otherwise designed for the .22 caliber rimfire cartridge. The exploded view of FIG. 3 shows in detail the receiver section 34, which includes a pair of spaced-apart receiver plates 55 and 56 which may be identical in configuration and which may be advantageously manufactured by a suitable stamping operation. The desired spacing between the receiver plates 55 and 56 is maintained by spacing elements 57 and 58, by the trigger guard 59, and by the barrel 48; the spacing elements 57 and 58 are depicted as having tab-and-slot interconnection between the two receiver plates, and it will be understood that this interconnection may be supplemented or provided by permanent fastening techniques such as welding, riveting, or the like. The chamber end of the rifle barrel 48, which may be secured between the receiver plates 55 and 56 by rivets 60a, 60b, 60c, and d, also functions to maintain the spacing between the receiver plates. The receiver plates 55 and 56 protrude upwardly from the stock 16 to form the ears 61 and 62, and the spacing element 58 positioned between the ears also functions as a base for the rear sight, as set forth below. BOLT ASSEMBLY Positioned between the receiver plates 55 and 56 is the bolt assembly indicated generally at 65 in FIG. 3 and shown separately in exploded view in FIG. 4. The bolt assembly 65 includes the bolt member 35 disposed within a bolt housing 66 which at least partially surrounds three sides of the bolt, as shown in FIG. 8, and which may be fabricated by appropriate operations including stamping and bending. Each of the first and second dowel pins 37 and 40 extend from the respective slots of the bolt member and through corresponding pairs of openings 67 and 78 formed in the spacedapart parallel walls 69 and of the bolt housing. Each of the openings 67 and 68 is preferably dimensioned relative to the diameters of the corresponding dowel pins 37 and 40 to permit the dowel pins to provide a snug, noninterference fit, so that the dowel pins can be removed from the bolt assembly without requiring tools. As mentioned previously, the dowel pin 37 and the corresponding first slot 38 in the bolt member defines the maximum forward travel of the bolt member, and so the location in the bolt housing 66 of the opening pair 67 should be precisely defined with respect to the location of the rifle barrel. The pairs of openings 67 and 68 in the bolt housing are provided on the interiors of the walls 69 and 70 with corresponding pairs of spacing elements which surround such openings. The spacing members surrounding the opening 67 are shown at 71a and 71b in FIG. 8, and these spacing members may be provided by suitable expedients such as welding separate washerlike spacers in place, by dimpling the metal of the side wall 69 and 70, or the like. It can be seen from FIG. 8 that the areas of the spacing members, including 71a and 71b, provide the only frictional contact with the bolt member 35. The cocking member 36 extends upwardly through a slot 72 provided in the upper wall of the bolt housing 66. The operating spring 42 is captured in the slot 41 between the bolt bushing 39 and the end wall 73 of the slot. The diameter of the spring 42, in the disclosed embodiment, is somewhat larger than the thickness of the bolt member 35, so that the sides of the spring 42 make a loose sliding contact along approximately line areas of the interiors of the bolt housing side walls 69 and 70 during reciprocation of the bolt member. At the same time, reciprocation of the bolt member causes sliding contact of the operating spring 42 along another pair of approximately line contact areas where the individual coils of the operating spring contact the bottom wall 74 and the top wall 75 of the slot 41. As a consequence, the movement of the operating spring 42 in compression and expansion during reciprocation of the bolt member is frictionally impeded only along the aforementioned four line contact surfaces. This reduction in the frictional force acting against both the operating spring 42 and the bolt member 35 results in a firearm having an operating action which is significantly faster than provided, for example, by actions in which the bolt slides along machined ways or in which the operating spring is substantially enclosed within a tube or other member causing frictional contact around the periphery of the individual spring coils. Referring again to the exploded view of FIG. 4, it will be seen that each of the dowel pins 37 and 4-0 is sufficiently long to extend out of the respective openings 67 and 68, and through the respective openings 77a, 77b and 78a, 78b to be retained in a pair of corresponding aligned openings (not shown) disposed in each of the stock halves 17 and 18. The dowel pin openings formed in the two receiver plates 55 and 56 are also dimensioned to permit a snug, non-interfering fit with the respective dowel pins, and it will be understood that the dowel pins 37 and are retained in assembled positions by the aforementioned recesses within each of the stock halves. Thus, the bolt assembly 65 is readily removable from the rifle by separating the two stock halves and then simply manually withdrawing the dowel pins 37 and 40 from the two receiver plates, the bolt housing 66, and the bolt member 35, whereupon the bolt assembly is freed to be removed from the spaced-apart receiver plates. The receiver plate 56, which is disposed on the right side of the rifle 15, includes an opening 83 which functions as an ejection port for spent cartridges. Since each of the receiver plates 55 and 56 can be identically configured for economy of manufacture, as mentioned above, the receiver plate 55 in the disclosed embodiment contains an opening 84 similar to the ejection port. While the opening 84 is useful to provide ventilation of gases from the chamber, it will be understood that the opening 84 is optional and is nonessential in a firearm designed to eject cartridges in the conventional or right-side manner. FIRING PIN/EXTRACTOR MEMBER The firing pin/extractor member 47 is provided by a flat stamping having a base portion 85 and a pair of generally parallel arms 86 and 87 extending outwardly from the base member, as best shown in FIGS. 4 and 9. The firing pin is provided for rimfire cartridges (in the disclosed embodiment) by the projection 88 adja cent the end of the arm 87, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the firing pin 88 would be appropriately repositioned for use in a rifle intended to receive center-fire cartridges. The arm 86 includes a right extractor lug 89 in opposition to and spaced a distance 90 beyond the firing pin 88. The left extractor is provided by the surface 91 which is disposed at the end ofthe arm 87 and which confronts the right extractor 89. The arm 87 of the firing pin/extractor is mounted in a groove 92 contained along one side of the cartridge moving member 416, and the base member 85 is at least partially received within a slot 93 (FIG. 3) at the rear end of the cartridge moving member. A retaining lug 94 on the arm 86 is received in the aperture 95 of the cartridge moving member 96 to permit a limited extent of fore-aft movement of the firing pin/extractor member relative to the cartridge moving member. It will be appreciated that the relative dimensions of the retaining lug 94 and the aperture 95 are selected so that the firing pin 88 is behind the front face 50 when the firing pin/extractor is positioned rearwardly, and so that the firing pin 88 extends in front of the front face 50 when the firing pin/extractor is positioned forwardly of the cartridge moving member 416. When a cartridge is positioned in the chamber 49 as described below, the head of the: cartridge as shown in phantom in FIG. 9 is positioned between the left extractor 91 and the right extractor 89; the spring action provided by the length of the arm 87 enables the left extractor to maintain the cartridge head engaged behind the right extractor lug 89. A rib 96 extending downwardly from the lower edge of the cartridge moving member 46 functions to move cartridges from a magazine to the chamber 49, as outlined below. FIRING MECHANISM AND SAFETY The firing mechanism assembly of the rifle 15 is best shown in FIG. 5, and the individual components of the firing mechanism are shown in the exploded view of FIG. 3. The firing mechanism includes the hammer 100 mounted for rotation on a pin 101 and biased by the spring 102 toward the position shown by the arrow in FIG. 5. The hammer is retained in the cocked position, shown in FIG. 5, by engagement of the sear notch 103 with the middle finger 104 of the sear bar 105. The sear bar additionally includes a rear finger 106 and a front finger 107, with all three fingers extending substantially transversely of the sear bar 105. Each of the three sear bar fingers extends through a corresponding pair of slots 108, 109, and 110 formed in the receiver plates 55 and 56, with the sear bar fingers permitted a limited amount of fore-aft movement within such slots. The compression spring 111 acting against the middle finger 1041 urges the sear bar 105 and all three fingers toward the rear position. The middle finger 104 of the sear bar contains a pair of forwardly-facing notches 117 and 118 which retain the spring 111 in place against the middle fingers; the force of the spring 111 pressing into the notches I17 and 118 also serves to retain the sear bar 105 in the firing mechanism assembly. The hammer 100 includes a holding surface 112 for selective engagement with the rear finger 106, and includes first and second camming surfaces 113 and 114 which enable the hammer to urge forward the springbiased sear bar fingers 104 and 106 when the hammer is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction as explained below. The hammer 100 additionally includes a striking surface 116 for engaging the base member 85 of the firing pin/extractor member 47, and a holding surface which is positioned to engage a noncritical surface of the middle finger 1041 if the hammer is allowed to fall while the bolt assembly 65 is removed from the rifie. The front finger 107 of the sear bar extends in front of the pushing surface 120 of a trigger 121 pivotally mounted as at 122. The trigger 121 includes a stop surface 123 which contacts a confronting portion of the trigger guard 59 to limit the forward motion of the trigger in response to the spring-biased rearward motion of the front finger 107. When the trigger 121 is pulled, the pushing surface 120 contacts the front finger 107 to move this finger, along with the other sear bar fingers 106 and 106, forward against the force of the spring 111. This forward movement causes the middle finger 104 to be removed from the sear notch 103, permitting the hammer 100 to be moved forwardly by the spring 102. This forward movement continues until the striking surface 116 strikes the base member 85 of the firing pin, causing the firing pin 88 to move forward and fire the roundin the chamber. When the bolt member 35 is blown backwardly by the fired round, the bolt member moves the hammer 100 in a counter-clockwise direction until the middle finger 104 again engages the sear notch 103. If the pulled trigger has not been released to permit the necessary rearward movement of the sear bar, however, the camming surface 114 of the hammer engages the rear finger 106 to move the sear bar in a rearward direction so that the finger 106 can engage the holding notch 112. When the trigger 121 is finally releaased, the rear finger 106 is removed from the holding notch 112 and the hammer 100 falls forward to the position where the sear notch 103 engages the properly positioned middle finger 104. A safety apparatus for the disclosed rifle is provided by a safety lever 125 which is movable around a bushing 126 rotatably disposed on a pin 136 and loosely positioned to be biased toward one end of a slot 127 by the compression spring 128. The safety lever 125 includes a stop notch 129, which is movable to engage and block the bottom of the front finger 107 of the sear bar, and a stop surface 130, which is shown contacting the top of the trigger guard 59. A safety apparatus additionally includes an actuating member 131 extending downwardly from the pivot bushing 126 through a slot 132 formed in the front of the trigger guard 59. The actuating member 131 terminates in a pair of camming surfaces 133 and 134, which selectively contact the lower end 135 of the trigger guard slot 132. v In the operation of the safety apparatus, it will be seen that the actuating member 131 is normally biased downwardly to place one or the other of the camming surfaces 133 and 134 into contact with the lower end 135 of the trigger guard slot. Assuming that the actuating member 131 and the safety lever 125 are in the position shown in FIG. 5, the sear finger 107 is free to be moved forwardly by the trigger 121 to release the hammer and tire the rifle. A rearward motion applied to the actuating member 131 causes the camming surface 133 to ride along the lower end 135 of the trigger guard slot, with the slot 127 being moved upwardly relative to the bushing 126 and the pin 136. Continued rearward movement of the actuating member l31causes the camming surface 134 to move onto the lower end 135, at which time the actuating member 131 flips in toggle-action to move the stop notch 129 upwardly to engage and block forward movement of the front finger 107. The safety apparatus thus remains engaged, preventing further firing of the rifle, until the actuating member 131 is again moved forwardly against the tog-' gle action, as by forward movement ofa persons finger inserted through the trigger guard 59. TRIGGER GUARD AND MAGAZINE HOUSING vA housing to receive and retain the cartridge magazine 139 is defined in part by a wall portion 140 formed as an integral extension of the trigger guard 59. The The rear wall of the magazine chamber is formed by a flat metallic stamping 142 including a wall portion 143, a deformed portion 144 which curves rearwardly to contact the interior surface 145 of the stock portion surrounding the magazine housing, a magazine contacting portion 146 including a catch surface 147, and a thumbpiece 148 which extends rearwardly from the lower end of the stamping. The upper end of the stamping terminates in the ejector 149, which is located immediately below the cartridge moving member 46 and to one side of the cartridge feed rib 96 thereon. The stamping 142 may be provided with plural tabs 150 which engage in a corresponding plurality of slots 151 formed in the two receiver plates 55 and 56. It can be particularly seen in FIG. 5 that a magazine 139 having a notch 152 on its rear side is retained in place by resilient movement of the catch surface 147 into the magazine notch. OPERATION Considering the operation of the firearm as described, it is assumed that a cartridge-containing magazine 139 is fully inserted into the magazine housing and that the chamber 49 is presently empty. When the bolt member is moved back by manual movement of the cocking member 36, the cartridge feed rib 96 becomes positioned behind the first cartridge in the magazine, and this rearward movement also moves the hammer 100 to the cocked position shown in FIG. 5. When the cooking member 36 is released, the bolt member is moved forward by the operating spring 42 and the feed rib 96 strips the top cartridge from the magazine to move this cartridge along the ramp 141 and into the chamber 49. During this forward movement of cartridge, the right and left extractors 89 and 91 become engaged with the rim of the cartridge. The firearm is now in condition for firing. The firing mechanism operates as described above to strike the surface 116 of the hammer against the firing pin/extractor member, moving this member forward on the cartridge moving member 46 to the extent permitted by the free play of the retaining lug 94 within the aperture 95. The resulting forward movement of the firing pin 88 discharges the round, and the bolt member 35 is moved backwardly. The spent cartridge is withdrawn from the chamber 49 by the backward movement of the extractors 89 and 91, the resilient action of the left extractor 91 maintaining the cartridge rim in engagement behind the rfiezurmtorluafil. Eisbadma movement .o the spent cartridge continues until the underside of the cartridge is forced against the ejector 149, as seen in FIGS. Sand 8, whereupon the cartridge is dislodged from the extractors and ejected out of the ejection port 83 in the receiver plate 56. The rearward movement of the bolt member 35 continues until the hammer is again cocked and the front end of the slot 38 contacts the dowel pin 37, whereupon the operating spring 42 forces the bolt member forward and the loading cycle repeats. FRONT AND REAR SIGHTS The rear sight of the type providing a click elevation adjustment is provided, according to the present invention, as another function of the receiver plate spacing element 58. The forward portion of the spacing element 58, shown in detail in FIG. 10, provides a ramp 156 disposed on a slope relative to the boresight of the rifle barrel 18, and an opening 157 is formed in the ramp. The actual rear sighting element, in the disclosed embodiment, is provided by the peep sight opening 158 mounted to extend upward from the sight slide 159. The sight slide 159 contains a plurality of contiguous overlapped openings 160, and the sightslide is attached to the ramp 156 with a fastener 161 having a conical surface 162. The shank of the fastener 161 passes freely through the openings 1611 and the opening 157 in the ramp 156, and is retained with the conical surface 162 drawn into one of the openings 160 by the resilient force of a fastening member such as the retaining ring 163 having the shape of a conic section. Movement of the sight slide 159 in either direction along the ramp 156 provides a number of click elevation adjustments for the sight opening 158 as the conical surface 162 moves between the adjacent ones of the openings 160. A rear sight is thus provided which affords click-elevation adjustment at relatively little additional cost and which also utilizes the spacing element 58, an integral part of the disclosed embodiment of the invention. The upper end of the receives plate ears 61 and 62 (FIG 2) shield and define the region in which the sight opening 158 moves. Considering the front sight 167 as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 11, the actual visual sighting furction is provided by the end 168 of a blade 169 which extends downwardly to a lower end 170 preferably secured premanently as by welding or the like to the exterior of the rifle barrel 18. The blade 169 is surrounded on the left and right sides by a pair of protective members 171 and 172, which may be fabricated from a single piece of metal to include a looped portion 173 disposed around and secured to the rifle barrel 418. Each of the protective members 171 and 172 terminates in a protective ear 174 and 175, respectively, with these ears being spaced apart from the sight end 168 to define and protect this sight. The protective members 171 and 172 include adjustment openings, one of which is shown at 176, through which the blade 169 can be contacted with a suitable tool to be bent. It is contemplated that the from sight 167, once initially installed during the manufacture of the rifle, would be sighted-in by bending the blade 169 as necessary to achieve the proper horizontal location for the sight end 168. The protective members 171 and 172, including the ears 174 and 175, protect and substantially surround the blade 169 to protect this blade from becoming easily damaged or otherwise misaligned from any physical contact with the blade. Even if damage occurs in some manner, the blade 169 can again be bent to sight-in the rifle. Although the foregoing disclosure of an embodiment of the present invention sets forth a complete firearm having numerous operating assemblies and features, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many of these features can be applied separately to firearms of different overall design without detracting from the operation and the advantages afforded by each particular assembly. For example, it will be understood that a firearm could be provided having a bolt assembly accord ing to the present invention, without requiring a firing mechanism as disclosed herein. Similarly, a safety apparatus according to the present invention could be provided for many different types of firearms. The overall firearm design of the present invention permits extensive use of components which can be manufactured by relatively inexpensive techniques such as stamping, bending, and the like, and which require little or no precision machining, apart from portions such as the bolt member and the dowel pins as aforementioned. A firearm thus can be provided according to the present invention which is inexpensive and light of weight, and which additionally provides a low-friction action which is rapid, dependable, and easily broken down for cleaning or other purposes. in the disclosed embodiment of the invention, for example, the complete action consists of four basic moving parts: the bolt member, the hammer, the sear bar, and the trigger. Moreover, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that only a preferred embodiment of the present invention is disclosed, and that numerous modifications and alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims. What is claimed is: 1. A bolt assembly for a firearm comprising: a bolt housing defining an interior channel to receive a bolt member for reciprocal sliding movement therein; a bolt member received in said channel; means within said channel maintaining said bolt member in spaced apart relation with said channel; at least one bolt member retaining means operatively interconnected between said bolt housing and said bolt member to define a predetermined extent of reciprocal sliding movement of said bolt member relative to said bolt housing; a resilient member received within said interior channel of said bolthousing and operatively positioned to bias said bolt member in a first direction of said sliding movement; said bolt housing including a pair of generally elongate wall members which are spaced apart to define said interior channel; said means within said channel including means disposed within said interior channel in confronting relation on said wall members to define confronting spaced apart surfaces along which said bolt member moves for said sliding movement; and said bolt member having spaced apart surfaces positioned for sliding contact with said spaced apart surfaces defined by said means disposed on said wall members. 2. The bolt assembly as in claim 1, further comprisan elongate aperture formed in said channel member; and a cocking handle attached to said bolt member and disposed to extend outwardly of said elongate aperture in said channel member to permit said bolt member to be moved in a second direction of said sliding movement in opposition to the bias of said resilient member. 3. The bolt assembly as in claim 1, wherein: said bolt member includes a cartridge movement portion; firing pin means having a cartridge firing position and carried on said cartridge movement portion to be selectively movable to a first position whereat said cartridge firing portion is extended to cartridge engaging position and to a second position whereat said cartridge firing portion is withdrawn from said cartridge engaging position. 4. The bolt assembly as in claim 3, wherein: said cartridge movement portion includes a downwardly extending portion of said bolt member and having a front face of vertical dimension at least as large as the rim diameter of a cartridge intended for use with said bolt assembly; the vertical dimension of said front face being defined by a projection disposed on said bolt member above and extending a spaced distance in front of said front face. 5. A bolt assembly for a firearm, comprising: a-bolt housing defining an interior channel to receive a bolt member for reciprocal sliding movement therein; a bolt member received in said channel; at least one bolt member retaining means operatively interconnected between said bolt housing and said bolt member to define a predetermined extent of reciprocal sliding movement of said bolt member relative to said bolt housing; a resilient member received within said interior channel of said bolt housing and operatively positioned to bias said bolt member in a first direction of said reciprocal movement; said one bolt member retaining means including a first elongate slot in said bolt member, one end of said first elongate slot defining a movement stop of said first direction of reciprocal movement; and a first stop member disposed in fixed relation with said bolt housing and extending in sliding fit in said first elongate slot, said one end of said elongate slot and said stop member being located relative to each other so that such movement stop of said bolt member in the first direction relative to said bolt housing is defined by contact of said first stop member and said one end of said first elongate slot. ing: a second elongate slot in said bolt member; a second stop member disposed in fixed relation with said bolt housing and extending in sliding fit in said second elongate aperture; and said resilient member being disposed within said second elongate slot to exert bias between an end of said second elongate slot and said second stop member, so that said bolt member is biased in said first direction relative to said bolt housing. 8. The bolt assembly as in claim 7, wherein: said first elongate slot is of certain width in said bolt member; said first stop member is recieved in said first slot and has a width relative to said certain width of said first slot to permit substantially only sliding movement of said slot relative to said first stop member; said second elongate slot is of certain width in said bolt member to permit substantially only sliding movement in a first plane of said resilient member received within; and said interior channel of said bolt housing has a channel width adjacent the path of reciprocal sliding movement of said second slot to permit substantially only sliding movement of said resilient member. 9. The bolt assembly as in claim 8, further comprisspacing means disposed on said bolt housing within said interior channel thereof to define a bolt member passageway of width less than said channel width; said resilient member being retained by said channel width for substantially only vertical movement in a second plane transverse to said first plane. 10. A bolt assembly for a firearm, comprising: a bolt housing including a pair of side walls which are spaced apart to define a bolt receiving channel having length and having certain width; a bolt member disposed in said channel for reciprocal movement in a direction along the length of said channel, the dimension of said bolt member in width being less than said channel width; spacing means interpositioned between said bolt member and said side walls to position said bolt member for said reciprocal movement along said channel without contact between said side walls and said bolt member, said spacing means comprising at least one spacing member mounted on .one of said pair of side walls in confronting sliding contact with a first location along said bolt member; and at least one spacing member mounted on the other of said pair of side walls in confronting sliding contact with a second location along said bolt member. 11. A bolt assembly for a firearm, comprising: a bolt housing including a pair of side wallswhich are spaced apart to define a bolt receiving channel having length and having certain width; a bolt member disposed in said channel for reciprocal movement in a direction along the length of said channel, the dimension of said bolt member in width being less than said channel width; spacing means interpositioned between said bolt member and said side walls to position said bolt member for said reciprocal movement along said channel without contact between said side walls and said bolt member; an elongated slot formed in said bolt member in alignment with the direction of said reciprocal movement; a pin member extending from said bolt housing and received in said elongate slot, said slot being slidably, movable with respect to said pin member; and at least one end of said slot being located on said bolt assembly in certain relation relative to said pin member to define a predetermined extent of said reciprocal movement in a selected direction of bolt movement. r l 12. The bolt assembly as in claim 11, wherein said spacing means comprises: a first spacing member surrounding said pin member between one of said pair of side walls and a confronting first location of sliding contact on said bolt member; and a second spacing member surrounding said pin member between the other of said pair of side walls and a confronting second location of sliding contact on said bolt member. 13. The bolt assembly as in claim 11, wherein said elongate slot is a first elongate slot and said pin member is a first pin member; and further comprising: a second elongate slot formed in said bolt member in alignment with said direction of reciprocal movement; and a second pin member extending from said bolt housing and received in said second elongate slot, said second slot being slidably movable with respect to said second pin memer. 14. The bolt assembly as in claim 13, further comprising: a compression coilspring received in one of said slots between the corresponding pin member and an end of said one slot; the coil diameter of said spring being sufficiently greater than said width dimension of said bolt member so that a portion of said spring coils e atend outward of said one slot to make loosely sliding contact with said'side walls of said bolt housing, so that said spring is retained withinsaid one slot by said side walls. 15. The bolt assembly as in claim 13, wherein said spacing means comprises: a first pair of spacing members surrounding said first pin member and respectively positioned between said pair of side walls and said bolt member; and a second pair of spacing members surrounding said second pin member and respectively positioned between said pairs of side walls and said bolt member; said first and second pair of spacing members being in sliding contact with said bolt member. 16. A bolt assembly for a firearm, comprising: a bolt housing including a pair of side walls which are spaced apart to define a bolt receiving channel having length and having certain width; a bolt member disposed in said channel for reciprocal movement in a direction along the length of said channel, the dimension of said bolt member in width being less than said channel width; spacing means interpositioned between said bolt member and said side walls to position said bolt member for said reciprocal movement along said channel without contact between said side walls and said bolt member; said side walls comprising parallel plane surfaces spaced apart from each other said certain width to define said bolt receiving channel; said bolt member having a pair of parallel plane sides each of which is in confronting spaced apart relation with a corresponding one of said plane surfaces of said side walls; and said spacing means are in sliding contact with said parallel sides of said bolt member to permit said reciprocal moveme nt of said bolt member while maintaining said bolt member out of contact with said side wall.

Cheaper Than Dirt! is America's Ultimate Shooting Sports Discounter, and we live up to that title. Expect bulk ammo deals, discounts, gun care accessories and more.

Description lw. uuo,u/. Patented Sept 24, |90l. G. RUTH C. KRNKA. AUTDMATIC FIREABM. (Application Bled Apr. 14, 1000.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet I. No. (583,072A Patented Sept. 24, 190|. G. ROTH C. KRNKA. AUTUMATIC FIREBM. (Application filed Apr. 14, 1900.) (No Modem 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. Patented Sept. 24, |905. E. ROTH C. KBNKA. AUTOMATIC FIREARM. (Appumion med Apx. 14, 1900.) 3 Shouts-Sheet 3. (No Model.) wwe @ara VUNITED STATES PATENT rrrcn. GEORGES ROTH AND CHARLES KRNKA, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. AUTOMATIC FIREARM. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NO. 683,072, dated September 24, 1901. Application filed April 14,1900. Serial No. 12,916. (No model.) To all whom, it' Wray concern: llc it known that we, GEORGES ROTH and CHARLES KRNKA, subjects of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at No. 50 Rennweg, Vienna, Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented new and useful Improvements in Automatic Firearms, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. The present invention relates to automatic rearms; and it consists, essentially, in means for locking the barrel in a rearward position and in retaining the same in such position until the movable breech-block has been properly locked and is in position for firing the next shot. The invention also comprises certain improvements in the magazine and cartridgelifting device, improvements in connection with the trigger-actuating mechanism, and a safety device in connection with thehammer, all as hereinafter particularly set forth, and pointed out in the claims. In order to render the present specification easily intelligible, reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference denote similar parts th roughout the several views. Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a pistol embodying my invention, showing the trigger cocked, the barrel locked, and the breech-block unlocked. Fig. 2 is a similar view showiu g the pistol immediately after iiring, with the barrel unlocked and the breechblock locked. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the pistol, with the position of the magazine when loading shown in dotted lines. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section and end elevation of the forward barrel-lock. Fig. 5 is a side elevation and cross-sections on the lines I I and Il 1I, respectively, of the forward barrel end, showing the locking-lugs. Fig. G isaside elevation, partly in section, on the line lll lll of Fig. 6a of the breech-block. Fig. 6 isaplan of the same. Fig. 7 is a part longitudinal section through the stock. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the butt; Fig. S, a cross-section on the line IV 1V of Fig. 8, and Fig. 9 a part longitudinal section through the lower end of the butt and magazine. Referring first moreparticularly to Figs. 1, 2, 4, 6, and 6, the breech-block 2 is mountcd to slide in the stock 1 and may be divided into two main parts-vi'z., the hammer mech'- anism 3, Fig. 6, and the forward part 4,- having the cartridge-openings 8 and 9 and the' barrel-guidinggrooves 10. Thesegroovesare connected with the vertical end grooves or nal direction of either the barrel or the breechblock will move the said barrel'. The breechblock is guided by means of its lugs 12, which engage in the horizontal grooves 13 of the interior of the stock, Fig. 7, and the lugs 22 of the barrel 2l are provided with slanting or inclined sides 23, Fig. 5, to enable them to properly turn into and out of the curved grooves 24 11. The front end of the barrel is provided with inclinedl lugs 2O and is guided in the forward locking-cylinder 15, the construction of which will be clearly seen from Fig. 4. The locking cylinder contains two annular grooves 17 and 18, which are connected by inclined grooves 19 at either side. The groove 18 is merely provided to enable the slanting grooves 19 to be properly cut; but the rear groove 17 serves to retain and lock the lugs 20 of the barrel after the shot has been 'fired and the recoil has taken place. By this means the barrel will be locked in its rearward position until the breechblock has been properly locked to discharge the next cartridge, whereupon the barrel will be unlocked and may move forward into the proper tiring position. The operation of this part of the invention takes place iu the following manner: Immediately the weapon has been discharged the barrel recoils, and since the lugs 20 are lying in the twisted or inclined grooves 19 at the forward end of the same the barrel in recoiling will be twisted or turned until the lugs 2O reach the rear annular groove 17. This movement turns the lugs 22 out of the ends 1l of the compound grooves 1l 24, and further rearward motion of the barrel 21 is prevented by the groove 17. The breech-block, however, continues its rearward movement, and in so doing it turns the barrel 2l farther, owing to the passage of the inclined slots 24 over the lugs 22.. This further turn of the barrel locks the lugs 20 in the rear slot 17, as indicated n Fig. 1. When the breech-block returns, he slots 11 24 first turn the barrel so as to ring the lugs 2O into position at the ends of he grooves 19 under the action of the spring t5, and the movement of the breech-block urns the barrel into the front ends of these grooves, so that all the parts are in position 'or the next discharge. The second part oi the invention, which relates to improvements in the magazine and Bartridge-feed device, as also to their particilar arrangement, will now be described. The magazine 26, into which the frame of zartridges is placed, is pivotally supported at 27, so as to swing laterally in the pistol-frame 1. Thus when the last cartridge has been discharged and the magazine is to be reloaded the magazine is swung around on its pivots 27 into`theuposition shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3. The empty cartridge-frame is then pushed out at the bottom by the filled frame being inserted at the top. The bottom is closed by the bow-shaped part ot the pistol-frame 1 when the magazine is returned to its normal position recharged. A snapspring (not shown) may be employed to retain the magazinein its closed position. This arrangement has the advantage that the bottom of the magazine is always closed when the pistol is in use, so that no dust can get into it. The cartridge feed or lifting plate 29 is guided by means of its guide-cheeks 40 sliding in grooves 4l at the rear wall of the magazine, and as soon as the last cartridge has been discharged the raised end of the guide-cheeks 40, Fig. 2, projects into the path of movement of the breech-block in. front of the part 43, Fig. 6, and prevents its return. As soon, however, as the magazine is swung out to receive a new cartridge-frame the projecting end of the guide-cheeks would be moved away from the breech-block and allow the same to return, and in order to prevent this taking place the magazine 26, Fig. 3, is provided with a laterally-extending lug 36, the end ot which remains in the path of movement of the breech-block when the magazine is swung out, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3. A spring 82 maybe inserted between the pistol-frame walls and the side of the magazine, said spring serving to press the magazine outward as soon as its retainingcatch is released. It it is desired to use the pistol in the ordinary manner and to loa-d through the cartridge-opening 3l, Fig. 1, with cartridges supported in the ordinary cartridge-frame having a back plate, the car- Itridge-lifter 29 and the bottom plate 30 of the magazine are turned about as shown in Fig. 9, so that the lifter-plate 29 will slide on the front wall of the magazine. The lifter-plate in both cases is raised by a spring after the manner of adiininutive builer-spring, as indicated indotted lines in Fig. 2, said spring being mounted between the oppositely-extending projecting pins 49 and 50. When the parts are turned about as illustrated in Fig. 9, the litter-plate 29 would not reach far enough back when the last cartridge has been tired to keep the breech-block properly back, and in order to properly retain the breechmy block at this moment the same is provided at its forward part with two notches 42, Fig. 6,- into which the cheeks 40 spring when the last cartridge has been tired, and thus the breechblock is retained open for the next charge. It', however, another frame of cartridges is inserted, the lifter-plate will be depressed, and as soon as the top cartridge has been pressed home by the thumb ot the operator the breech-block having no further hind rance would spring forward and injure the thumb, and in order to prevent this from taking place a spring-pressed lever 37, Fig. 6, is pivoted in the housing 1 to swing laterally through the housing or frame wall, and when pressed inwardly by the thumb it will project into the path of movement ot the breech and its shoulder will arrest the breech-block by contacting with one of the lugs 12 or with any other suitable point of the breech-block, it being immaterial where the said thumb-lever is mounted as long as it is in some convenientpart. Thus when the weapon is being loaded with the ordinary cartridge-frame this lever 37 should be pressed in against the action of its spring 38', and when the cartridges have been pressed home and the thumb removed from the breech it may be released and will .then release the breech block, which will force the top cartridge into the barrel in the g well-known manner. The sides of the maga-v zine may be covered with cheek-pieces 44,` Figs. Sfand 8,and the magazine will thus servel asthe handle of the weapon. The swinging moivemen-t of the magazine on its pivot islimited by the projection 33, which moves in= ia groove 34, Fig. 7., the end of the said groove` Aserving to limit the swing of the magazine. In this class of pistol the iiring-pin is retained 4from moving forward when the breech-block Iis advanced by means of a spring 6, Fig. 2f. fits pressure has to be overcome by the blow iof the hammer. Thus the danger that the :tiring-.pin might spring forward by the impetus of the forward movement of the breech-- block and. discharge the cartridge is still presont. In order to obviate this disadvantage, =the bolt 4o, which, with its spring 47, serves to operate the hammer 45, is prolonged upwardly and extends into a longitudinal slot of the firing-pin. This slot is provided with a shoulder 48, and as the breech-block iiies forward the end of the bolt 46 meets this shoulder 4S and effectually prevents thc gun from being discharged. Nhen the hammer is operated by the trigger mechanism, the bolt 46 is released, and the spring 47 forces the same downward to operate the hammer. This brings the upper end of bolt 46 out of the path of movement of the shoulder 48, and the iiringpin is free to discharge the cartridge. In the present case a device is also provided This spring must necessarily be light, since for securing the hammer against' accidental movement. As previously mentioned, the hammer is operated by the pressure of the bolt 46, and the hammer is held cocked by the bar 53, which extends under the heel of the hammer and prevents the action of the bolt 46. The forward end of this bar is hollow, and a spring 51 is located therein, the forward end of which rests against the upwardly-turned 'arm of a pivoted lever 52, the lower arm of which is provided with a shoulder adapted to abut against a lug 52a, formed on the bar 53, and prevent the forward movement of the latter until the said shoulder has been removed from the path of movement of the lug. The rear end of the lever-arm 52 engages a recess in the fore end of the trigger 54, and when the trigger is pulled the lower arm of lever 52 will be moved down, thus bringing the shoulder out of the path of movement of the lug 52 of the bar 53. A further movement of the trigger in the same direction brings lthe spring-pressed latch 55, carried by the trigger, into contact with the opposite side of the lug 52 and moves thev bar 53 forward, thus releasing the hammer to discharge the pistol. At the same moment the latch 55 leaves the lug 52 and allows the bar to fall back under the infiuence of its spring 51, so that the said bar is in its initial position again before the hammer has really been fired, and this bar will be pushed back again by the forward movement of the heel of the hammer when the latter is thrown back by the recoil of the barrel. At each recoil the movement of the parts will reload the pistol and recock the hammer; but if the hammer has been released it cannot be recocked by hand until the trigger has been pulled back a certain distance, because until the shoulder of the lever 52 has been withdrawn from in front of the lug 52 the rod 53 cannot be pushed forward by the butt of the hammer to enable the latter to be passed back to the cocked position. Another advantage of the spring-pressed bolt 46 being prolonged upwardly, as previously described, consists in the fact that the same may serve as an ejector to push the cartridge-case out. We claim as our invention- 1. In an automatic firearm having a movable barrel and breech-block the combination of a forward and rearward pair of lockinglugs on said barrel and means for imparting to the said barrel a combined rotary and longitudinal movement and an independent ron tary movement so as to lock the barrel either to the breech-block or to the pistol-frame substantially as described. 2. In an automatic tirearm,the combination of a sliding and rotary barrel and a sliding, non-rotary breech-block, having a spring to actuate the same forwardly after the recoil. a stationary locking-cylinder at the forward end of the pistol-frame and lugs on the for ward barrel end to engage therewith, a pair of: rear lugs on the said barrel and grooves in the breech-block having longitudinal extensions and spirally-'shaped rear ends in which said rear lugs engage and means in connection with the forward locking-cylinder to partially turn the barrel at the commencement of the recoil movement and then to arrest the rearward progress of the barrel, whereupon the motion further rearwardly of the breech-block imparts by means of the said spiral grooves a rotary movement to the barrel to lock it in the rearward position substantially as described. l 3. ln an automatic firearm the combination of a longitudinally-movable barrel and a longitudinally-movable breech-block having a forward extension to partially inclose said barrel, a stationary locking-cylinder at the forward end of the barrel and means in connection therewith to impart to the barrel at the commencement of the recoil a combined longitudinal and rotary movement, and then to stop the longitudinal movement, and means in connection with the barrel and breechblock to subsequently impart rotary motion only'to the barrel by the further movement of the breech-block backward, substantially as described. 4:. In an automatic firearm having means for imparting a combined rotary and longitudinal motion to the barrel and a subsequent rotary motion only for the purpose specified the conibination of a magazine mounted below thc breecubloelr and pivots to support said 1n agaaine within a bow-shaped part of the pistolframe so as to allow the same to be swung out of the pistol-frame laterally, said bowshaped frame serving'to close the lower end of the magazine when the same is in normal position, the said end being open for the discharge of the magazine-case when the magazine is swung aside,substantially as described. 5. In an automatic firearm having means for imparting to the barrel a combined rotary and longitudinal movement at the commencement of the recoil and a subsequent rotary locking movement as and for the purpose specified, the combination of a magazine and means for enabling the same to be swung laterally out of the pistol-frame, a laterally-arranged lug on the said magazine to move into the path of movement of the breech-block and prevent the same from moving forward when the magazine is swung out in the manner and for the purpose substantially as de scribed. 6. In combination, the breech-bolt having a shoulder 4:8, a hammer and a spring-pressed bolt 4G engaging the hammer, said bolt being raised into the path of the shoulder 48 when the hammer and breech-.bolt are retracted, substantially as described. 7. In an automatic firearm of the class specified the combination of a bar 53 to arrest, with its rear end the hammer in. its cocked position and having its forward end in conneotion with the trigger mechanism, said bar being` located laterally ol the magazine and means for moving the same longitudinally to release the hammer 'by the trigger movement. in the manner andfor the purpose substantially as described'. l . S. In an automatic firearm of the class speer Afied the combination of a hammer and liammer-retaining bar 53, a stop at the lowerforward end of said bar, a spring to normally press said bar toward the ham mer, an anglelever 52 pivotally mounted with its upper arm across the front end of said bar and a shoulder on its lower arm to extend into the path of motion ofthe said barstop and means essere in connection with the trigger for Withdrawt ing,` said shoulder from the path of movement of the stop immediately the trigger is actuated and before the hammer is released and for returning the sl'ionlderin front ot' the bar after the hammer has been actuated substan o tially as described. In Witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands in presence of two witnesses. GEORGES ROTH. CHARLES KRNKA. Witnesses :l v ALVESTO S. Homin, AUGUST FUGGER.

Description Jan. 28, 1969 R. A. CLOSE AUTOMATIC FIREARM R 2 m r N e 0 E 5 .n W rIIH II MI .1 C LL H JW 1 Tilill s w m \w m pm Filed Aug. 18, 1967 Sheet 2 of 2 Jan. 28, 1969 R. A. CLOSE AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed Aug. 18, 1967 I N VEN TOR. P055 4. Close 3,424,053 AUTOMATIC FIREARM Ross A. Close, 3831 Glenbrook Road, Fairfax, Va. 22030 Filed Aug. 18, 1967, Ser. No. 661,692 US. Cl. 89185 Int. Cl. F41d 3/00 1 Claim ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This new action consists of a cylindrical actuating sleeve which functions as an extractor port seal and breechblock stop. The receiver, the actuating sleeve, and recoil spring frame can be manufactured from commercially available metal tubing. The above-mentioned parts and the breechblock lend themselves to manufacture by the use of automatic screw machines. Description of drawings FIGURE 1 of the drawings shows the new action as it would be used in the manufacture of a combat rifle. FIGURE 2 is a side view of the receiver and barrel mounted concentrically inside the actuating sleeve, the actuating sleeve in open position showing the extractor port exposed. FIGURE 3 is a side view of the receiver and barrel, mounted concentrically inside the actuating sleeve, the actuating sleeve in closed position sealing extractor port. FIGURE 4 is a longitudinal section of the new action and shows the relative position of the various parts when the action is closed. FIGURE 5 is a section of the bolt showing the two floating cam pins. Detailed specifications This new action consists of new parts as follows: (1) Cylindrical actuating sleeve, that functions also as an extractor port seal and breechblock stop. (2) Breechblock with new bolt catch and floating cam 131118. (3) Cylindrical recoil spring frame. All other parts such as barrel, firing pin, hammer, magazine and power cylinder are of conventional design. The receiver 6 and 7 shall be made in two parts threadedly or pin connected. The barrel end 6 of the receiver shall be made of steel and inside threaded or lugged to take the barrel and outside threaded or pin connected to the second part of the receiver 7. Two or more lugs are cut in this first part 6. These lugs are to bear on lugs of the breechblock in order to support the shell at time of firing. The second part 7 of the receiver shall be made from cylindrical metal tubing. Cuts in this second part 7 shall be made to accommodate magazine, assembly pin 11, bolt catch 9, extractor port, etc. The breechblock shall be made in two parts 15 and 10. The first part 15 shall consist of the locking lugs, firing pin, cam and extractor. The second part shall consist of the guiding rod'lt) and the bolt catch 9. The first part 15 shall be made from a cylindrical steel bar. Cuts shall be made for two or more locking lugs, firing pin, extractor, cam, etc. The second part 10 shall be made from a cylindrical bar of metal. Outs shall be made for the as- States Patent 3,424,053 Patented Jan. 28, 1969 sem'bly pin 11, firing pin, bolt catch 9, pin 12, floating cam pins 14 and the magazine. The actuating sleeve shall be made in two parts 3 and 4. The first part 3 or power cylinder end of the actuating sleeve shall be made from a cylindrical steel bar, fitted concentrically around the barrel, threaded at one end to connect to the second part 4. The second part 4 of the actuating sleeve shall be made from cylindrical metal tubing. Cuts shall be made in this second part 4 in such a way that when the action is closed the extractor port 19 is closed and when the action is open the extractor port 19 is open. Cuts shall be made in the second part 4 for the assembly pin 11, hammer, and magazine. The power cylinder end of the second part 4 shall be threaded internally to fit the outside threads of part 3. The frame shall be made in two parts. The first part the cylindrical recoil spring frame 1 shall be made from cylindrical metal tubing. Cuts shall be made for the assembly pin 11, extractor port, hammer and magazine. The second part houses the hammer, trigger and maga' zine. The two parts of the breechblock 10 and 15 shall be attached together by the floating cam pins 14. The actuating sleeve 3 and 4 shall be attached to the breechblock 10 and 15 by pin 12. Bushing 18 is used to center the actuating sleeve 3 and 4 around the breechblock 10 and 15. The cylindrical recoil spring frame 1, the actuating sleeve 3 and 4, the receiver 6 and 7 and the breechblock 10 and 15 are attached together and to the second part of the frame housing, the hammer, trigger and magazine, by assembly pin 11 and ring 16. The operation of this new automatic action is as follows: At the instant of fire the breechblock part 15 is in such position that the lugs on breechblock 15 are bearing on the lugs in receiver 6 thus supporting the shell. The bullet moves through the barrel and when it passes the hole in the barrel connected to the power cylinder pressure from the barrel passes to the power cylinder causing piston 2 to exert a force on actuating sleeve 3 and 4. This force is transmitted by the actuating sleeve 3 and 4 through pin 12 to breechblock part 10. Breechblock part 10 moves away from breechblock part 15 carrying cam pins 14 thus rotating part 15 to such a position that locking lugs on the breechblock part 15 are aligned to slots in receiver part 6, thus allowing the action to open. When breechblock parts 10 and 15 are in open position slots cut in the receiver 7 allow the lever type bolt catch 9 to drop into position between breechblock parts 10 and 15. The breechblock continues to move away from the barrel, compressing recoil spring 17, and extracting spent shell through exposed extractor port. The above-mentioned movement continues until actuating sleeve part 3 is stopped by shoulder 5 on the barrel. This stops breechblock 10 and 15 through pin 12 and second part of actuating sleeve 4. The recoil spring 17 pushes the breechblock 1.5 and 10 back toward the barrel. During the breechblocks travel back toward the barrel parts 10 and 15 are held apart by bolt catch 9 thus preventing part 15 from rotating when it pushes a new shell from the magazine into the barrel. When the breechblock has reached its closed position bolt catch 9 is lifted from between parts 10 and 15 and part 15 is rotated by cam pins 14 and the cam to a locked position and is ready to fire again. Bolt catch 9 is lifted from between breechblock parts 10 and 15 by proper ending of the bolt catch slot in receiver part I claim: 1. A firearm comprising in combination a frame and cylindrical recoil spring frame mounted thereon, having a cylindrical actuating sleeve serving also as an extractor port seal and breech-block stop, mounted concentrically within the cylindrical recoil spring frame, having a cylindrical receiver mounted concentrically within the cylindrical actuating sleeve, a barrel mounted in the cylindrical receiver, a cylindrical breechblock mounted concentrically within the cylindrical receiver and movable coaxially along the axis of the bore of the barrel, the breechblock being connected to the receiver by two or more locking lugs and connected to the actuating sleeve by a pin, the breechblock having tWo floating cam pins with a cam for rotating the breechblock thus releasing the breechblock, the breechblock having a lever type bolt catch mounted on the breechblock for preventing the breechblock from rotating during feeding of a loaded shell from the magazine to the barrel. References Cited BENJAMIN A. BORCHELT, Primary Examiner. S. C. BENTLEY, Assistant Examiner.

Vector image of a drum magazine for a handgun.

Description United States Patent [191 7 Thomas sEMl-AUT OMATlC FIREARM [76] Inventor: Frank S. Thomas, 1715 Camden Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 221 Filed: Sept. 4, 1973 21 Appl. No.: 393,709 5/1922 Reifgraber 89/ 147 Primary Examiner--Stephen C. Bentley Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert Louis Finkel [57] ABSTRACT A semi-automatic double action firearm including a frame having a hand grip positioned to be grasped when the firearm is fired, a barrel fixed to the frame, and a firing pin adapted for axial movement within a slide member slidably mounted on the frame surt s emu WIIIII/IIMIII/IIIIII 1 Dec; 31, 1974 rounding the barrel. Resilient means positioned between the frame and the slide member and between the slide member and the firing pin, respectively, urge both the slide member and the firing pin in the direction of the muzzle, the latter exerting a greater force than the former. A trigger bar articulated to the trig get is adapted to engage the firing pin and move it rearwardly when the trigger is pulled, and to release it when the trigger reaches a predetermined position. A lever pivotably mounted at the rear of the hand grip is engaged by the user's hand and restrains the rearward motion of the slide member on the frame against the pull of the trigger. After firing, the firearms recoil enhances the restraining force exerted by the lever until the high pressure propellant gases are discharged from the muzzle. A slide lock bar locks the slide in its open position on the frame when the last cartridge in the magazine is fired. The slide lock bar is designed additionally to V minimize the play between the slide member and the frame, thereby enhancing the sighting accuracy of the weapon. 18 Claims, 14 Drawing Figures PATENTEU UEC3 1 I974 SHEET 1 OF 4 PATENTEU DEC 3 74 SHEET 2 OF 4 ew-f 1. SEMI-AUTOMATIC FIREARM BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. Background This invention relates to firearms, and more particularly to hand-held or shouldered semi-automatic weapons of the double action type wherein a single pull of the trigger both cocks and fires the arm. Although as will be seen the subject invention contemplates novel features which are adaptable to firearms in a variety of forms, its principal embodiment is in the form of a semi-automatic pistol wherein a number of cartridges are carried within a removeable magazine or clip which is'inserted into the handle or grip of the weapon. When the weapon is fired, a sliding member mounted on the frame over the barrel and firing chamber is driven rearwardly by recoil to withdraw the spent cartridge from the firing chamber and eject it from the weapon. The sliding member is then returned to the battery position by a recoil spring and is adapted to strip the succeeding round from the magazine and insert it into the firing chamber in readiness for firing. I Conventional prior art semi-automatic pistols commonly incorporate an exposed hammer which is adapted to strike a firing pin to initiate the discharge of the cartridge within the chamber. In such' pistols the rearward movement of the slide along the axis of the barrel moves the hammer to the ready or cocked position. Even when this type of weapon is provided with a safety button, a danger of unintentional discharge is nonetheless present. Mechanical failure of the button and its associated scar, and human error through accident, inadvertance or oversight, have frequently led to tragedy or near tragedy when the trigger of a supposedly safe weapon was pulled. Likewise, there are many cases on record in which the relatively fragile sear has been broken, permitting the hammer to fire a loaded round left in the chamber, when the weapon was accidentally-dropped. Furthermore, although such safetys" are ordinarily relatively easy to operate, in emergency situations the split-second delay even the simplest of them requires may prove to be the difference between life and death for a law enforcement officer. One object of the subject invention is to provide a small compact firearm which has no hammer to be cocked, and therefore does not rely on accessory safety devices for protection against so-called accidental discharge. Almost instantly following the impact of the firing pin withe the primer in the cartridge, the propellant powder within the cartridge case is ignited and the resultant high pressure gases drive the bullet or projectile through the barrel toward the muzzle. The gases generated by a modern .45 calibre cartridge reach pressures on the order of 18,000 p.s.i. to 22,000 p.s.i. before the bullet or projectile clears the muzzle. It is the recoil opposing the thrust of these gases against the bullet which opens the slide member in weapons of this type. Over the years a great many ingenious systems have been devised to prevent the premature opening of the slide with its attendant potentially disasterous results. The most commonly used mechanisms for holding the action closed during the period in which the gases tion. are at a pressure considered unsafe are those in which some locking means are contrived to hold the barrel to gether with the breech face of the slide so that the bar rel and slide or breech face move rearwardly under the influence of recoil locked together as a single unit. When the gas pressure has reached a safe level one of several mechanisms is utilized to unlock the slide from the barrel, thus allowing the slide to go into full recoil while the barrel returns to battery or some other posi- While many of these locking systems have performed satisfactorily, in most cases they have been costly to incorporate within the general design of the small arm, and many of them have been found to require considerable maintenance. In some cases the accuracy of the weapon is known to be adversely affected by the compound action of the locking mechanism. To compound this problem, in a number of weapons of this type, the tolerances required between the moving parts are such that the slide action in many cases reduces the weapons accuracy still further. Another object of the subject invention, accordingly, is to provide a semi-automatic firearm having a sturdy, durable, effective slide retarding mechanism which is inexpensive to produce, requires little if any maintenance, and at least doesnot impair the accuracy of the weapon. As will be seen, the subject invention more than satisfies these and the previously mentioned objects. 2. Summary Essentially a semi-automatic pistol embodying the subject invention comprises a frame having a more or less conventional hand grip positioned to be grasped when the arm is fired. A conventional barrel is fixed to the frame and a slide member is slidably mounted to the frame surrounding it. A bore formed axially in the rear portion of the slide member receives a firing pin having a generally cylindrical body and adapted for axial movement within the bore. 1 A recoil spring positioned between the frame and the forward end of theslide member urges the slide member toward the muzzle. A second spring, of greater strength than the first, is positioned in the bore of the slide member behind the firing pin to urge it in the direction of the muzzle. An elongated trigger bar is pivotally connected at one end to the trigger. Its other end'carries a scar which is adapted to engage a second sear on the underside of the firing pin. When the trigger is pulled,'the trigger bar moves the firing pin rearwardly. A limb projecting upwardly from the trigger bar is held in contact with the underside of the slide by a torsion spring acting between the trigger and the trigger bar at their point of articulation, and serves to rotatethe trigger bar to release the firing pin sear when the trigger reaches a predetermined position in its travel. A lever is pivotably mounted at the rear of the hand grip with its lower leg positioned to engage the web of the users hand when the weapon is grasped for firing. The upper leg of the lever is formed to fit into a recess in the underside of the slide member. The forward end 1 of this recess is inclined to serve as a caming surface for the free end of the upper leg of the lever. When the weapon is fired, the recoil drives the handle rearwardly against the users hand, thereby increasing the force exerted against the lower leg of the lever and, consequently, the force exerted against the caming face of the recess in the slide member by the upper leg of the lever, thus resistingrearward movement of the slide member. The caming action between the face of the recess and the upper lever arm ultimately forces that arm downwardly out of the recess, thereby allowing the slide to move rearwardly, but only after sufficient delay to allow the bullet to reach the muzzle of the barrel. Even after the upper leg of the lever has been forced from the recess, the combined force of the recoil and the users grasp, acting against the lower leg of the lever, forces the upper leg of the lever into frictional contact with the underside of the slide member, thereby further restraining its rearward motion until the potentially dangerous propellant gases have been discharged through the muzzle. A resilient magazine safety bar is positioned to block the movement of the trigger bar when the magazine receiver in the handle is empty. The weapon is operable only when this safety bar is displaced by insertion of a magazine in the receiver. A resilient slide lock bar positioned laterally of the slide is adapted to lock the slide in its open position on the frame when the last cartridge in the magazine is fired. The force exerted by the slide lock bar laterally against the slide member serves additionally to minimize the play between the slide member and the frame, thereby enhancing the sighting accuracy of the weapon. The construction and operation of a preferred embodiment of the subject invention will be more fully understood, and other and further objects appreciated from a reading of the following detailed description as illustrated by the accompanying drawings. THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a side elevation of a hand held semiautomatic pistol embodying the subject invention, with atypical .45 calibre semi-automatic weapon of conventional design outlined in phantom for comparative purposes; FIG. 2 is an enlarged side elevation of the pistol shown in FIG. 1, with portions cutaway to reveal its internal construction; FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation of the pistol shown in FIG. 2 with additional portions cut away to show the operation of the trigger, trigger bar and firing pin assembly; FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side elevation of the pistol of FIG. 3 further illustrating the operation of the trigger, trigger bar and firing pin assembly; FIG. 5 is a reduced exploded side elevation of the pistol of FIG. 2 with portions of the pistol and a' fragment of its magazine cut away for illustrative purposes; FIG. 6 is a partial side elevation of the pistol of FIG. 5 with its slide locked in the open position and portions cut away for illustrative purposes; FIG. 7 is a fragmentary section taken in the direction 7-7 of FIG. 6; FIG. 8 is a fragmentary section taken along the line 88 of FIG. 3; FIG. 9 is a fragmentary section taken in the direction 99 of FIG. 3; FIG. 10 is a fragmentary section taken in the direction 1010 of FIG. 5; FIG. 11 is a fragmentary section taken in the direction 1111 of FIG. 5; FIG. 12 is a fragmentary section taken in the direc tion 1212 of FIG. 2; FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the trigger, trigger bar and magazine safety bar assembly shownin FIG. 2; and FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the slide lock bar shown in FIG. 2. Wherever practicable, a single numeral is used to depict identical or substantially similar components appearing in the several drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to FIG. 1, the auto-pistol 11 embodying the subject invention is quite similar in general external appearance to the conventional .45 calibre semiautomatic pistol 12, with two notable exceptions: the simplicity of its novel construction permits the pistol 11 to be substantially smaller and lighter than the prior art weapon of equivalent fire power, and pistol 11 has no exposed hammer 13. As shown most clearly in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, the barrel 15 of pistol 11 is secured to the frame 17 by means such as dovetails 19. Slide member 21 is mounted on frame 17 to slide along the axis of barrel 15. In the battery position only the muzzle 23 of barrel l5 protrudes through the open forward end of slide 21. Recoil spring 25 is mounted over barrel 15 between a shoulder 27 surrounding the opening at the forward end of the slide 21 and a recessed annulus 29 formed on barrel 15. Spring 25 urges slide 21 in the direction of muzzle 23, i.e., toward the battery position. The rear end of barrel 15 terminates in a firing chamber 31 adapted to receive, in this embodiment, a .45 calibre rimless cartridge 33. When the weaponis at battery, the breech face 35 of slide 21 abuts the base 37 of cartridge 33. A cylindrical bore 39 is formed in the rear portion of slide 21 in axial alignment with barrel 15 and chamber 31. Firing pin 41 is sized to reciprocate axially within bore 39. The tip 43 of firing pin 41 strikes the primer of cartridge 33 through an opening in the breech face 35. A compression spring 45 mounted between the forward wall of bore 39 and an annular shoulder 47 formed on-the body of firing pin 41 urges the firing pin 41 rearwardly to maintain a safe spacing between tip 43 and the primer of cartridge 33. The body of firing pin 41 is bored at its rear end to receive one end of a compression spring 49. The other end of this spring 49 is secured to the slide 21 by convenient means, such as a retainer plug 53 fitted into the rear end of slide 21 to close the bore39. The specific materials, configurations, dimensions and compressive strengths of recoil spring 25, safety spring 39, and firing pin spring 49 are more or less matters of choice, the the principal condition, and a significant feature of the invention, being that the firing pin spring 49 be of substantially greater strength than recoil spring 25. In practice it has been found that a spring rate of about 8 to 10 lbs per inch for spring 25 and of from about to 1 15 lbs per inch for spring 49 are quite satisfactory for the intended purpose. Spring 45 merely urges firing pin 41 rearwardly against spring 49, and need be of only nominal strength. A downwardly projecting seat 51 is formed on the body of firing pin 41 and extends downwardly through a slot in the underside of bore 39. Conventional front and rear sights 53 and 55, respectively, are provided at the front and rear ends of slide 21. Trigger 57 is mounted under frame 17, preferably by means of a pin 59. A coiled torsion spring 61 mounted on pin 59 urges the trigger 57 forwardly against the stop or shoulder 63 formed in the frame 17. A trigger guard 65 protects trigger 57 against accidental contact. Regardless of the form of firearm to which the subject invention is adapted, whether a sidearm, a shoulder-borne arm, such as a rifle, or a hip-fired assault type weapon, a handle or hand grip 67 is provided on the frame 17 to the rear of trigger 57. Preferably handle 67 is hollow and is formed with the receiver 69 adapted to receive the magazine 71 as shown in FIG. 5. Magai A coiled torsion spring 79 is mounted on pin 75 with one of its legs bearing downwardly and forwardly against trigger 57 and the other upwardly against trigger bar 73, thereby urging the remote end of trigger bar '73 upwardly. At its remote end trigger bar 73 is formed with an upper leg 79 and a lower leg 81. Upper leg 79 carries a trigger sear 83 adapted to cooperate with sear 51 on firing pin 41. An upwardly projecting rim or lobe 85 formed on trigger bar 73 is maintained in sliding contact with the smooth, flat underside of slide 21 by spring 79. From the foregoing it will be observed that when force is exerted rearwardly on trigger 57, the trigger rotates rearwardly and upwardly around pin 59, carrying pin 75 in an are centered on pin 59. The effect on triggerbar 73 is compound: The entire trigger bar 73 is moved rearwardly, while at the same time upper leg 79 is rotated downwardly around the fulcrum formed at the moving point of contact between limb 85 and the underside of slide 21. It will be apparent that thesame compound motion can be achieved by a variety of combinations of mounting arrangements for trigger 57 and trigger bar 73 and, while none of these alternative arrangements is shownv or specifically described, all of them must be considered to be within the scope of the subject invention. It will be observed. likewise, that because of the disproportionate strengths of springs 25 and 49, unless slide 21 is restrained against rearward motion, the effect of pulling the trigger 57 will be merely to transmit the rearward movement of trigger bar 73 through sears 83 and 51, firing pin 41 and spring 49 to slide 21. Firing pin 41 will move rearwardly with slide 21, but spring 49 will not be compressed. Thus the weapon is safe and will not fire. As mentioned earlier, in all forms of the subject invention a handle or hand grip 67 is formed on the frame 17 to the rear of trigger 57. The position and size of handle 67 are such that to fire the weapon this handle 67 must be grasped by the user. As best seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, a lever or hand stirrup is pivotably mounted on frame 17, preferably by means of a pin 97 positioned between its lower leg 101 and upper legs 103. Lower leg 101 extends downwardly along the rear face of handle 67 and is shaped to engage the web between the thumb and first finger of the users hand when the handle 67 is grasped for firing. Preferably the lever 95 has a pair of upper legs 103 straddling the frame 17. Lips 105 serve to strengthen legs 103. In the embodiment illustrated here the sides of slide 21 extend downwardly over the top. of frame 17 to form a pair of skirts 109 terminating in downwardly exposed lips 111. A recess 113 is formed, preferably in each of these lips 111, to receive the end of upper leg 103 of lever 95 when slide 21 is in the battery position. A small compression spring 115 seated in a bore 117 provided in the rear face of handle 67 acts against lower leg 101 of lever 95 rearwardly, thereby urging upper legs 103 out of recesses 113. Unless and until stirrup 95 is engaged in lower leg 101 forced against the rear face of handle 67 to rotate upper legs 103 into recesses 113, the weapon remains safe, i.e., incapable of being fired unintentionally. The forwardmost faces 21 of recesses 113 are inclined at an angle to the lips 111 and slide 21 to serve as a caming surface for the end of upper legs 103. It has been found that an angle of between about 50 and about 60 is satisfactory for this purpose, and an angle of about 55. appears to be the optimum for a pistol firing the .45 calibre rimless cartridge. When handle 67 is grasped for firing and the trigger 57 pulled, the force exerted by the users hand against stirrup 95 forces upper legs 103 into recesses 113 and effectively prevents slide 21 from moving rearwardly on frame 17. As illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, while sear 83 is in engagement with sear 51 the rearward motion of trigger bar 73 moves firing pin 41 rearwardly, compressingspring 49. At a predetermined pointin the rearward travel of trigger 57, the downward motion of upper leg 79 abruptly disengages sear 83 from sear 51, allowing compressed spring 49 to thrust firing pin 41 forwardly with sufficient force to overcome spring 45 and discharge the cartridge 33. As the bullet 123 leaves the cartridge 33, the gas pressure within barrel 15 quickly builds to a peak, and the recoil force drives the weapon rearwardly against the users hand. The greater the recoil, the greater the force exerted by the weapon. A substantial part of this force is directed against lower leg 101 of stirrup 95, which acts as a bell crank, and through upper legs 103 against the caming faces 121 of recesses 113. This force opposes the recoil force exerted rearwardly against slide 21, with the result that the end of upper leg 103 eventually slips out of recesses 113 and slide 21 is released to move rearwardly. As long as the weapon is in recoil, the force exerted against the users hand is transmitted through the bell crank action of stirrup 95 to urgethe upper legs 103 upwardly in frictional contact with the lips 111 of slide 21, thereby retarding the rearward motion of slide 21. To enhance this slide-retarding action it has been found most useful to form stirrup 9550 that the ends of upper legs 103 project above their axis of rotation, pin 97. This is readily accomplished by forming legs 103 at an angle of between 110 and about 130, and preferably about 125 (measured from the plane of lips 105, through the center of pin 97, to the plane of the outer face of lower leg 101). By appropriate design of stirrup 95 and recesses 113 the rearward movement of slide 21 to its open position can readily be timed to coincide with the departure of bullet 123 from the barrel and the accompanying release of the high pressure gases through muzzle 23. Two additional safety features make the subject invention virtually fullproof. These are best illustrated by FIGS. 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 and 14. The first of these is a magazine safety bar 125 of spring steel fixedly attached by means such as pin 127 to handle 67 and extending upwardly into magazine receiver 69 within handle 67. Bar 125 is positioned so that its upper end 129 is normally in alignment with the end of lower leg 81 of trigger bar 73. When arm 125 and leg 81 are aligned trigger bar 73 cannot be moved rearwardly and the weapon cannot be fired. An ear 131 extending laterally of bar 125 is formed to be engaged by magazine 71 when the magazine is inserted into receiver 69. With the magazine -71 in place bar 125 is forced to the side so that its end 129 is out of alignment with the end of lower leg 81. Trigger bar 73 is then free to move rearwardly when trigger 57 is squeezed. The second safety feature is a slide lock which secures the slide 21 in its fully open position after the last round in the magazine 71 is inserted in chamber 31. When cartridges 33 are inserted into magazine 71 they depress a follower 135. Compression spring 137 positioned below follower 135 urges the follower 135 and cartridges 33 upwardl-y. As in conventional autopistols the upper end of magazine 71 extends upwardly into the cartridge receiver just to the rear of the breech, and the slide 21 is adapted to strip the uppermost cartridge from the magazine and thrust it into the breech of barrel 15 during its return from the open position to battery after the preceding round has been fired and ejected from the weapon. When the last round has been stripped from the magazine 71 a toe 141 formed on follower 135 engages slide locking safety bar 143. Safety bar 143 is formed of spring steel with a permanent bow or lateral curve and is pivotably mounted to the side of frame 17 by means such as pin 145. The bowed bar 143 exerts a force laterally against the inside ofthe adjacent skirt 109 of slide 21. The salutory effect of this arrangement is that the play between slide 21 and frame 17 is taken up by bar 143 and the opposite skirt 109 of slide 21 is continuously urged into contact with the adjacent side of frame 17. With conventional weapons since the slide is free to position itself laterally on the frame each time it completes the recoil cycle. consistently accurate sighting is impossible. This problem is effectively eliminated in the subject invention because bar 143 insures'the return of slide 21 to substantially the same lateral position on frame 17 after each cycle. A second recess 147 is formed in the skirt 109 adjacent safety bar 143 to receive the free rearwardly directed end 151 of bar 143 when slide 21 is in or near its fully open position. inwardly directed ear 153 on arm 143 is adapted to be engaged by the toe 141 on magazine follower after the last cartridge 33' is stripped from magazine 71 and, under the influence of spring 137 urges the end 151 into recess 147 when the two come into registry after the last round is fired. As shown in FIG. 6 slide 21 is then locked in the open position. To release the slide the exposed end 151 is manually rotated downwardly out of recess 147. The face of end 151 may be knurled as shown to facilitate this operation. It will be noted that the two safety features last mentioned effectively make the weapon fail-safe. 1f the last round is fired while the magazine 71 is still in its receiver 69, the slide will be locked open by safety bar 143. If the magazine 71 is removed from the weapon before the chambered cartridge 33 is fired, magazine safety bar 125 will prevent the trigger from being pulled and the round discharged unintentionally. Referring to FIG. 3, spent cartridges are removed from the firing chamber 31 and ejected from the weapon by extractor claw 155 at the forward end of extractor 157. A novel feature in the extractor assembly resides in the use of a retainer pin 159 slipped into grooves formed in the body of slide 21 and in the adjacent underside of extractor 157 itself to secure the extractor to slide 21. This device greatly facilitates the replacement of the extractor should the need to do so ever arise. FIGS. 3 and 10 most clearly illustrate another novel features of the subject invention which facilitates its assembly, namely the use of a transverse slide lock pin which may easily be removed in the field without special tools to release the slide 21 from frame 17. The ends of slide lock pin 165 extend laterally of frame 17 and slidingly engage slide lock channels 167 formed along the inner faces of skirts 109. When pin 165 is withdrawn by forcing it laterally through slot 167 in the skirt 109 of slide 21, slide 21 may be drawn rearwardly and upwardly free of barrel 15 and frame 17. An opening 169 is provided in the skirt 109 opposite slot 167 for the insertion of any convenient tool or rod to force pin 165 through slot 167. It will be understood that a number of additional features, such as a magazine safety, a magazine release mechanism, and other components of relatively conventional design have been omitted from this description in the interest of brevity. Further, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific form of the embodiment shown, which ispresented for illustrative purposes only. Rather, it contemplates all of the variations and modifications coming within the scope of the claims. What is claimed is: 1. A semi-automatic double action firearm comprismg: a frame including a hand grip adapted to be grasped by the user when the firearm is fired; a barrel affixed to said frame having a muzzle and a firing chamber adapted to receive a cartridge; a slide member surrounding said barrel mounted for axial movement on said frame; first resilient means between said slide member and said barrel urging said slide member toward the muzzle of said barrel; a firing pin mounted for axial movement within said slide member; second resilient means between said firing pin and said slide member urging said firing pin toward the muzzle of said barrel with a force greater than that exerted by said first resilient means on said slide member; g i a trigger mounted for motion relative to said frame; a trigger bar articulated to said trigger and adapted to engage said firing pin and move it in the direction away from said muzzle in response to movement of said trigger and to release said firing pin when the trigger has moved a predetermined distance; and lever means pivotably mounted on said frame and adapted to restrain said slide member against movement relative to said frame when said hand grip is grasped for firing. 2. The firearm of claim 1 wherein: said trigger is pivotably mounted on said frame and depends therefrom; one end of said trigger bar is pivotably mounted on said trigger; a first leg of said trigger bar is spaced from said end and carries a first sear adapted to releaseably engage a second sear formed on said firing pin; and a limb formed on said trigger bar intermediate said end and said first sear is adapted to cooperate with said frame to cause said first sear to rotate about an axis of rotation intermediate said end and said first sear. 3. The firearm of claim 2 wherein: said limb is adapted to engage slidingly the underside of said frame to provide an imaginary axis of rotation for said first scar; and third resilient means effectively acting between said frame and said trigger bar urge said limb into contact with said frame. 4. The firearm of claim 3 wherein: said trigger is provided with a recess; the end of said trigger bar is pivotably supported in said recess by a pin positioned transversely thereof; and said third resilient means is a torsion spring mounted on said pin and having one of its legs bearing on said trigger and the other of its legs bearing on said trigger bar. 5. The firearm of claim 4 wherein: said lever means comprise a bell crank having at least one upper leg adapted to engage said slide member and a lower leg extending downwardly along the rear of said hand grip adapted to engage the web of the user's hand when said hand grip is grasped for firing; and said bell crank is pivotably mounted on said frame for rotation about an axis intermediate said upper and lower legs, whereby said upper leg is urged into engagement with said slide member when force is exerted against said lower leg in the direction of said muzzle. 6. The firearm of claim 5 wherein: a recess is formed in said slide member to receive the end of the upper leg of said bell crank when said slide member is in the battery position; and said bell crank is adapted to urge the end of said upper leg into said recess in response to force exerted against the lower leg in a direction toward said muzzle. 7. The firearm of claim 6 wherein: the axis of rotation of said bell crank lies below said slide member; the upper leg of said bell crank forms an obtuse angle with the lower leg thereof whereby the end of said upper leg is at all times above the axis of rotation of said bell crank; and resilient means acting between said frame and said bell crank urge the upper leg thereof out of engagement with said slide member. 8. The firearm of claim 7 wherein: the forwardmost face of said recess is inclined to serve as a camming surface for the end of the upper leg of said bell crank; and the end of said upper leg is adapted to cooperate with said inclined face to urge said end out of engagement with said recess when force is exerted against said slide member in the direction away from said muzzle. 9. The firearm of claim 8 wherein: the sides of said slide member terminate in a pair of downwardly exposed lips extending longitudinally of said slide member; said recess is formed in at least one of said lips; and the inclined face of said recess forms an angle of between about 50 and about 60 with said lower lip. 10. The firearm of claim 9 wherein: said inclined face forms an angle of about 55 with said lower lip. 11. The firearm of claim 8 wherein: the angle formed by the upper and lower legs of said bell crank is between about and about 130. 12. The firearm of claim 11 wherein: the angle formed by the upper and lower legs of said bell crank is 13. The firearm of claim 3 comprising: a receiver in said frame adapted to releasably receive a magazine; a magazine adapted to be inserted into said receiver; and resilient means mounted on said frame and adapted to releasably engage and prevent the rearward movement of said trigger bar, when said magazine is not in said receiver. 14. The firearm of claim 13 wherein: said trigger bar is formed with a lower leg extending downwardly and rearwardly thereof; said resilient means comprises a resilient member mounted on said frame within said receiver to be engagable by said lower leg of the trigger bar when in its normal rest position; and said resilient member is adapted to cooperate with said magazine when the latter is inserted into said receiver, thereby to be displaced out of engagability with said lower leg of the trigger bar. 15. The firearm of claim 14 wherein: said resilient member is provided with an ear protruding laterally therefrom in the path followed by said magazine when the latter is inserted into said receiver and adapted to be engaged by said magazine, thereby to displace said resilient member laterally of said lower leg of the trigger bar. to releasably receive the other end of said slide lock bar; and said follower is adapted to engage said other end and urge it into said recess when the two are in registry and the magazine is empty. 18. The firearm of claim 17 wherein: said slide lock bar is resilient and is bowed trans- I versely to exert a continuous lateral force between said frame and said slide member.