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Progressive Era - The "Welcome to the Land of Freedom" drawing is one of the many great images of immigrants during the Progressive Era. "Welcome to the Land of Freedom" can be a great addition to your lesson on the Progressive Era, immigration, and/or push-pull factors in the early 1900's. This iconic image will be recreated by some of your students square by square from the grid that has been laid out over the drawing. Since this drawing was done without a ton of fine detail it might be best to give each student a copy of the full cartoon in the grid so they can better see what their individual square looks like in the whole cartoon I have many students who enjoy drawing and art-related challenges and I'm sure you do too. This image gets printed out square by square, cut, and taped to the wall. Students then voluntarily choose which section from the 30 squares of the image they'd like to recreate (it is fun to have teachers participate too!). Even students who don't feel they are great at drawing want to participate by choosing a square that doesn't have a lot of detail. When they show me their completed image I have them cut it out and tape it to the wall in a grid I made of tape. CHECK OUT THE PREVIEW FOR SOME STUDENT EXAMPLES FROM MY BOSTON MASSACRE RECREATION I have been amazed at how many students volunteered that I've decided to create a whole series of historic images for students to try and recreate so stay tuned for more! Included in this product: Everything gets printed on standard 8.5" x 11" paper 1 - "Welcome to the Land of Freedom" image in grid 1 - 30 numbered squares on image to choose from 1 - Grid 1 - Set of printing instructions 30 - Sections for students to draw (with corresponding number on the back - so 60 total pages, but 30 back-to-back) I think what I'll do is print out each number, the corresponding section, and a photo of each young artist to tape to the wall next to the finished recreation so others can see who took part in the recreation. Historical Paintings Recreation Series "The Bloody Massacre" "Baptism of Pocahontas" "Washington Crossing the Delaware" "Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man" "Spirit of '76" "Surrender of Lord Cornwallis" "American Progress" "Lewis & Clark at the Three Forks" "American Gothic" "Embarkation of the Pilgrims" ...and many more! Just "CLICK HERE!" FOR THE BEST DEAL ON 10: "American History - Recreating Historic Paintings Series - 20% Discount!" For other drawing activities: Create a Revolutionary War Caricature Create a Civil War Caricature Veterans Day Caricatures Check out some of my other U.S. History products: 32 American Revolution Trading Cards to be Made Voting for a President with Mystery Candidates - Fun! Middle School Social Studies Bundle - 25 Products!! The Electoral College PowerPoint and Partner Activity - Fun Competition! The Articles of Confederation - Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist Survey Included CHECK OUT THE REST OF MY BUNDLES TO SAVE MONEY!! Connect with Surviving Social Studies... Be sure to follow my TpT store by clicking on the ‘Follow Me’ next to my logo to receive notifications of new products and upcoming sales. Follow my Blog for updates, freebies, and general educational interests Follow me on Pinterest Thanks for stopping by! Surviving Social Studies Terms of Use: Copyright ©Surviving Social Studies. All rights reserved by author. This product is to be used by the original downloader only. Copying for more than one teacher, classroom, department, school, or school system is prohibited. This product may not be distributed or displayed digitally for public view. Failure to comply is a copyright infringement and a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Clipart and elements found in this PDF are copyrighted and cannot be extracted and used outside of this file without permission or license. Intended for classroom and personal use ONLY. Enjoy!

CAMPBELL'S SOUP OF TYPEWRITERS This Underwood Four-Bank Portable Typewriter, serial number 466477, was made in 1930, the fifth year of production. It was designed in 1918 by George William Campbell. It's amazing how much one can find out about the history of a series of typewriters by simply digging under the career path of one man. That one man is GEORGE WILLIAM CAMPBELL, born to Scottish migrant parents in New York City on May 23, 1872. Campbell is the typewriter mechanical engineer and designer responsible for at least three machines which are among most collectors' favourites: the Franklin No 9 (with the concealed ribbon spools), the Victor No 1, which of course in time (12 years) grew into the Victor No 10 (the only Victor which Campbell had nothing to do with), and the first Underwood four-bank portable typewriter. In retracing Campbell's steps during a truly remarkable 50-year career in the US typewriter industry, which took him from Boston back to his native New York and on to Hartford, Connecticut, I was able to finally deshroud the obscurity surrounding the Victor's origins - not to mention its fate. It all started with the appearance on US eBay last night of an Underwood four-bank portable with a decal on the back which showed all of the 32 patent dates associated with the 14-year component development (1912-1926) of this wonderful machine. As I checked through these, I found that Campbell had in fact come up with the original design for this almost flawless typewriter. Franklin No 9 1904 Victor No 1 1909 Underwood Four-Bank Portable 1918 When I started looking into Campbell's typewriter-designing career, my eyes were really opened up - I found 25 typewriter inventions patented by him, as against just the one in the patent database. I had previously been aware of his existence, and of his work for Victor and Underwood, but had no idea of how significant or extensive it was. More importantly, I didn't realise he had worked for Franklin in Boston before returning to New York City in 1907. He provides a vital connection in our understanding of how Franklin transmogrified into Victor. Typewriter Topics' 1923 A Condensed History of the Writing Machine had been far, far too oblique on this subject, reporting details as if stepping on egg shells. Typewriter Topics, December 1916 In 1918, Campbell had been working with Willie Dobson in making improvements to the Underwood three-bank portable, which Lee Spear Burridge had designed just before his death in 1915 and which did not go into production until 1919. Essentially, Campbell and Dobson were making adjustments to Burridge's design, incorporating typewriter advances which had occurred between 1915 and 1919 - plus Campbell designed the Underwood 3's fantastic, compact little case. Typewriter Topics, 1909 But I'm getting ahead of myself, in my excitement at discovering all of this. Campbell was a typewriter technician who started working for the Tilton Manufacturing Company making the Franklin in Boston in 1889. Wellington Parker Kidder's Franklin had languished for a few years, the last versions of it, the Nos 7 and 8, having come out in 1898. Campbell revamped the machine, notably taking the ribbon spools away from the back centre, above and behind the platen, to being concealed under the segment. When Franklin turned into Victor and the works - including Campbell, as well as lock, stock and barrel - moved to New York, Campbell took over as general manager and designed the frontstrike Victor No 1. Typewriter Topics, 1915 At this stage Victor, still owned by International Text Book (which in turn was owned by a holding company, the financially-troubled International Correspondence Schools) was moving to Poughkeepsie, New York, but obviously the deal floundered and in 1917 the factory moved to Scranton, Pennsylvania. Technically, ICS had held the Victor assets, which Victor bought in 1915. In 1921 Victor and ICS became separate entities. Victor was sold to the Victor Adding Machine Company in 1925. See my post on this here. Campbell ran the show at Victor until after it was sold by Robert J.Edwards in September 1912 to the International Text Book Company of Scranton, Pennsylvania. Victor eventually moved to Scranton in 19197, but without Campbell. In November 1916, as Underwood began to rapidly expand at Hartford, including starting to look at producing its own portable, the company headhunted Campbell to leave Victor and move with his wife Lilla to Connecticut. There the couple stayed until the mid-1930s, with Campbell remaining superintendent of the Underwood factory well into his 60s. Typewriter Topics, 1912 Typewriter Topics, 1915 Victor No 2 (1910) Victor No 3 (1912) 1915

This 60-minute lesson plan helps students learn about Industrialization and the Assembly Line. This lesson is filled with jump-packed activities for students including individual and guided practice that will help them accomplish the following: • Describe the specialization of labor in assembly line production • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the assembly line for factory workers, factory owners, and consumers • Explain the developments and changes that created the Industrial Revolution. This lesson also provides teachers with lesson extensions, handouts, and project ideas.The bulk of this lesson will require students to participate in a class assembly line activity and follow this up with a T-chart activity. Like us on Facebook by clicking the link below Social Studies Studio Facebook

For almost 90 years now, it has been generally assumed that the brilliant little Underwood three-bank portable typewriter, a special favourite with many collectors, was designed by an Underwood factory team, a group of nameless men. Not so. It turns out the Underwood 3 was the creation of the great Lee Spear Burridge. (The picture from Richard Plot's The Classic Typewriter Page above shows the best angle to compare Burridge's original drawing with the reality.) Until now, Burridge has only been associated with Sun typewriters (photos below are of the Sun 2 and Underwood 3 from my collection). The Underwood 3 went into production in November 1919, 4 ½ years after Burridge died. But the first applications for patents for the design were made in September 1915, four months after Burridge’s death. They were made on Lee Burridge’s behalf by his brother, Francis Ogden Burridge (the attorney for some of the applications was another typewriter inventor, Burnham C. Stickney). (In property law, a mesne assignment is an intermediate assignment in a series of assignments which occur before the final assignment. In this case, Lee Burridge's invention is being assigned to Underwood, in January 1919, by Frank Burridge. Presumbly before Underwood went into production in November 1919, the assignment would have become final.) As a great lover of the Underwood 3’s ingenuous design, it has been most frustrating for me over the years to be unable to pin the portable’s design to one person, or even persons. We know George Canfield Blickensderfer was solely responsible for the Blickensderfer 5, that Frank S. Rose developed the Standard Folding which, under Otto Petermann’s direction, became the Corona 3, and we know John H.Barr led the Remington team which came up with the first Remington portable. But until now, the Underwood 3’s origins have remained a mystery. Last night, while scrolling through hundreds of patents associated with Underwood, I came across the Burridge designs. My eyes almost popped out! From first glance, it is unmistakeably the Underwood 3. The misconception possibly stems from the information Underwood supplied the editors of the 1923 A Condensed History of the Writing Machine, in which no mention is made of Burridge’s design. Indeed, leading British typewriter collector and historian Richard Milton, on his extensively researched and well-written website Portable Typewriters (photo above), says, “But, with great ingenuity, the Underwood design team also managed to get the machine down to the same size as the Corona but without the need for a folding carriage. The 1919 Underwood Standard Portable is a masterpiece of engineering in miniature and is still today one of the easiest machines to type on ever produced.” To compound this, Wikipedia rephrases Richard's words, saying, “To compete with Corona portables in the home market, Underwood responded with its own 3-bank portable in 1919. With their ingenious design, the Underwood engineers eliminated the need for a folding carriage while managed to get the machine down to the same size as the Corona No 3.” Nonetheless, I could not agree more with Richard about his reference to a “masterpiece of engineering in miniature” and in fact have quoted that line many, many times when writing and talking about the Underwood 3. All the while, the lack of an individual designer's name gnawed away at me. Now, happily, I am able to give credit for the masterpiece to the master, the genius to whom it is due, Lee Spear Burridge. My guess is that Underwood followed a similar course of action to the one they took in 1895. Back then, when Underwood started making typewriters, it bought the rights to Franz Xaver Wagner’s “visible” machine, which Wagner had already been making for two years. In late 1918, when Underwood saw the vast portable typewriter market Corona had created with its folding machine, the company went looking for a portable design and found Burridge’s patents. Burridge had come up with the design, but died soon afterwards, in the early years of World War I. By the time the war ended and typewriter production returned to normal, Burridge’s design had been sitting gathering dust for more than three years. Presumably Underwood bought the rights to it from Frank Burridge. This would explain the reapplications of the patents from July 1918. Canadian patent applications from 1920 are shown below: Richard Milton explains, “Underwood executives were worried. The company had been casting anxious glances at the potential market that its new upstart rival, Corona, had created and exploited so successfully over the previous decade. The future might well lie with portable typewriters. Underwood thus set itself to produce its own portable machine and become dominant in portables too. “The design team adopted the same basic engineering approach as Corona, with three banks of keys and a double carriage shift to get the necessary extra capitals and figures. But, with great ingenuity, the Underwood design team also managed to get the machine down to the same size as the Corona but without the need for a folding carriage … “Underwood advertising in the 1920s placed great emphasis on the convenience and efficiency provided by [its] lightness and portability. “In the early 1920s, Underwood began to make inroads into Corona's portable market, just as it had into Remington's desk machine market two decades earlier. But while brilliantly designed from an engineering standpoint, there was a marketing problem built into the Underwood portable … When, at the end of 1920, Remington unveiled its portable machine, with a full sized four-bank keyboard and only a single, very light shift, Underwood was forced to respond and its designers produced a four-bank version launched in 1926. The three-bank machine continued in production until 1929, and its four-bank successor became one of the most successful portable typewriters …” Lee Spear Burridge was born in Paris, France, on September 22, 1861, the son of dentist Levi Spear and Emma Frances (nee Ogden) Burridge. He was educated at Tunbridge Wells in England and moved to New York in 1878. He and Frank Burridge established the Sun Typewriter Company in 1887, having already patented an index typewriter two years earlier. Ray Thomas wrote in Typex that Burridge “directed much of his efforts at simplifying the parts and movements of the typewriter … Some of his innovations over the years were: a new inking system combining a small self-supplying ink roll with a type-bar; a counter-balance type bar, permitting a very slight and delicate touch to the keys; a visible machine; [and] a special typebar machine operating 78 characters with only 10 keys.” Lee S. Burridge invented a vast range of things other than typewriters, from moving toys to a helicopter to a switching device for railway lines and a bicycle. But he is best remembered for the 1901 No 2 Sun typewriter, which was advertised as "the only standard typewriter suitable for travellers". Burridge was the first owner of an aeroplane in New York and founded the Aeronautical Society, of which he was president for many years (obituary from The New York Times). Lee Burridge died at age 54 in New York City on May 4, 1915. His estate was appraised at $91,000. Unmarried, he was survived by Frank. The brothers were grandsons of Samuel Gouverneur Ogden, a New York merchant based in Bordeaux in France, and his wife Eliza (nee Lewis) Ogden. Through their grandmother, the Burridges were the great-great-grandsons of Francis Lewis, signer of the Declaration of Independence. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: For images used from the websites of Richard Polt, Richard Milton, Paul Robert, Alan Seaver, Will Davis, Wim Van Rompuy and Georg Sommeregger.

Looking for a way for your students to discover facts about some of the famous reformers from the Progressive Era? Here is a way your students can discover these historic reformers that allows them to find out some basic facts, but also allows them to identify what they think is important about each person. Each trading card has the same format and allows students to gather a very brief snapshot of who these people were and what they achieved that had an impact on America's history during this time period. Decide how many you'd like students to complete and make a mini-research project out of it. Kids really enjoy this format! This file is in .pdf format and can be printed on standard 8.5x11 inch paper. Each trading card is on a half sheet of paper and will need to be cut out by students to write on and folded to make into front/back trading cards. For each person students will identify the following: Date of Birth Date of Death Contribution to the Progressive Era Fun Facts Legacy There isn't a lot of room for students to write so they'll have to be brief and to the point, thus contributing to the brief snapshot of each person's life. Each trading card is set up to be folded into a front and a back and could be stapled together or left unfolded to see both sides at once. Included on each front side is a picture of the person and their name just like you see on the cover page. The famous reformers for this activity are: 1. Alice Paul 2. Booker T. Washington 3. Carrie Chapman Catt 4. Carry Nation 5. Charles Edward Russell 6. Charlotte Perkins Gilman 7. David Graham Philips 8. Eugene Debs 9. Florence Kelley 10. Frances Willard 11. Frank Norris 12. Henry Demarest Lloyd 13. Ida B. Wells 14. Ida Tarbell 15. Jacob Riis 16. Jane Addams 17. John Dewey 18. John Spargo 19. Lester Frank Ward 20. Lincoln Steffens 21. Margaret Sanger 22. Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo 23. Ray Stannard Baker 24. Robert La Follette 25. Theodore Dreiser 26. Theodore Roosevelt 27. Thomas Nast 28. Upton Sinclair 29. W.E.B. DuBois 30. Walter Rauschenbusch 31. William Taft 32. Woodrow Wilson This could work great as a Social Studies activity or as an English activity! Check out my other Historic Trading Cards: 32 Famous Figures from the Civil War Era: Trading Cards to Complete 32 Famous Authors in History: Trading Cards to Complete 32 Famous Figures from the American Revolution: Trading Cards to Complete 32 Famous European Explorers: Trading Cards to Complete 32 Famous Figures from the Harlem Renaissance: Trading Cards to Complete 32 Famous Scientists in History: Trading Cards to Complete 32 Famous Women in American History: Trading Cards to Complete 32 Famous Figures from World War II: Trading Cards to Complete 32 Famous Figures from the Industrial Revolution: Trading Cards to Complete Click the green star next to my store logo to follow Surviving Social Studies. Following my store simply means you'll get e-mail updates about new products, freebies, and when I'm throwing a sale. Thanks for visiting! Enjoy!