Genetic history of the Iberian peninsula and the various ethnic groups that have contributed to the modern Spanish and Portuguese gene pool.

History and description of Haplogroup R1b (Y-chromosomal DNA) and its subclades. Haplogroup R1b is the dominant paternal lineage in Western Europe. It represents the Greco-Anatolian, Italic, Celtic and Germanic branches of the Indo-European speakers.

Distribution maps of mitochondrial haplogroups in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.

History and description of Haplogroup X (mitochondrial DNA).

Frequency tables showing the percentage for each Y-DNA haplogroup by country and region in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.

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