Learn how to use ChatGPT with Microsoft Excel with our Ultimate Guide! Learn more about Excel and ChatGPT now!
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Computer science, often abbreviated as CS, is the backbone of our modern digital age. It's the science of computation, coding...
The E6B Flight Computer, or simply the “whiz wheel”, is a mechanical circular slide rule used in aviation. They are mostly used in flight training, but many professional and even airline pilots still carry and use these flight computers. These flight computers are used during flight planning (on the groundRead More →
Your birth date is not random, and it can actually reveal your magic gift which you do not even suspect that you might possess.
I have been working with Machine Learning for a couple of years and now as an instructor at https://schoolofdatascience.nl/. At first it…
George Fekete expands on previous posts about common PHP mistakes by listing 18 critical oversights in PHP and general web development
Are you working with Excel and want take your Excel skills to the next level? Or do you want to learn Excel and don’t know where to start? Check out these 70+ tips and shortcuts that will help you make Excel Magic. Online tutorials & videos The following online tutorials are mostly free and will …
Quantum computing -- it's a term we're hearing more and more, as companies such as D-Wave build their own early versions of super-machines. Microsoft...
The world of digital imagery can be a labyrinth of file formats and cryptic terminologies. For Photoshop users, understanding these concepts is crucial for saving, sharing, and manipulating images effectively. This article delves into the two key pillars of digital images: file formats and resolution, equipping you with the knowledge to make informed choices for your projects. File Formats: Choosing the Right Container Imagine a file format as a container that holds your image data. Different formats offer varying levels of flexibility, compression, and compatibility. Here are some of the most common file formats encountered in Photoshop: Photoshop Document (PSD): The native format of Photoshop, PSD files offer maximum flexibility. They preserve all image data, including layers, masks, effects, and adjustments – ideal for ongoing editing projects. However, their large file size makes them less suitable for web publishing or sharing. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): A widely used format, JPEG excels at compressing photographic images. It achieves this by discarding some image data, resulting in a smaller file size but potentially introducing some image quality loss. The compression level can be adjusted in Photoshop, allowing you to find a balance between file size and quality. PNG (Portable Network Graphic): Another popular format, PNG supports lossless compression, meaning no image data is discarded. This makes it ideal for graphics with sharp lines and text, as well as images requiring transparency (like logos with transparent backgrounds). However, PNG files can be larger than JPEGs for similar image quality. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format): Primarily used for web graphics and animations, GIFs support a limited color palette and allow for transparency. They are well-suited for simple animations or creating those nostalgic pixel-art aesthetics. TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): A versatile format, TIFF offers lossless compression and is often used for high-quality image archiving or professional printing. It is also compatible with various image editing software, making it a good choice for sharing projects. Choosing the Right Format: The optimal format depends on your specific needs: For ongoing editing: Use PSD to preserve all image data. For web publishing: Opt for JPEG with a balanced compression level. For graphics with sharp lines: Use PNG to maintain clarity and transparency. For animations: Use GIF for simple animations with limited color palettes. For professional printing or archiving: Use TIFF for lossless compression and compatibility. Understanding Resolution: The Pixel Perfect Picture Resolution refers to the level of detail in a digital image. It is measured in pixels per inch (ppi) or dots per inch (dpi). Here's a breakdown of the concept: Pixels: The building blocks of a digital image. An image is essentially a grid of pixels, and each pixel contains color information. PPI/DPI: These terms indicate how many pixels or dots are packed into a linear inch of an image. A higher resolution image has more pixels per inch, resulting in sharper details. The Resolution Balancing Act: Resolution plays a crucial role in image quality and file size: Higher resolution: Offers sharper details but leads to larger file sizes. Lower resolution: Creates smaller files but may appear blurry or pixelated when printed at larger sizes. Choosing the Right Resolution: The appropriate resolution depends on the intended use of your image: For high-quality prints: Aim for 300 ppi or higher. For web viewing: 72 ppi is generally sufficient. For social media: Specific size requirements vary by platform, but generally fall between 72-150 ppi. Beyond the Basics Resampling: Photoshop allows you to resample an image, essentially changing its resolution. Increasing the resolution can improve detail but may introduce artifacts. Conversely, decreasing the resolution reduces file size but can result in a loss of detail. Image Interpolation: When resampling, Photoshop uses interpolation methods to estimate additional pixels or discard existing ones. Choose the appropriate interpolation method based on whether you are enlarging or shrinking the image. Conclusion Understanding file formats and resolution empowers you to save, share, and manipulate your images effectively in Photoshop. By choosing the right format and resolution for your specific needs, you can optimize your workflow, preserve image quality, and ensure your creative vision translates flawlessly across different platforms. Remember, mastering these fundamentals is a stepping stone to unlocking the full potential of Photoshop and creating stunning visuals.
Mozilla has issued a cease-and-desist letter against a company that is masking its spyware products to make it look as if it's actually Mozilla's Firefox browser.
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Astrolabe Definition
Here's what to get the guy who has everything.
We have seen a few nice smartphone friendly portable printers and scanners, but passionate designers are still trying to release new concepts and technologies
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Subnet masking is one of those "black magic" topics of networking that you either get or you don't. Unfortunately, most published explanations of subnet masking do a very poor job of explaining it to the lay person or to the beginning IT engineer. Accordingly, this blog post is an attempt to offer a simple explanation for people who need to understand this. The contents of this blog primarily come from the EnGenius Certified System Engineer training course, written by Jason D. Hintersteiner, Copyright 2014-2015. What is a subnet mask? When configuring a static IPv4 address on a network device (i.e. PC, laptop, network switch, AP, etc.), you need to provide at least four parameters: IP Address: This is the unique 32 bit address of the network device Subnet Mask: This defines the scope (i.e. size) of the LAN Default Gateway: This defines the location of the router on the LAN which will route traffic intended for external networks (e.g. Internet) DNS Server(s): These define the IP addresses of domain name resolution (DNS) servers to convert human-friendly (well, friendlier) server names (e.g. www.emperorwifi.com) into its corresponding IP address (e.g. 173.194.206.121). The subnet mask, therefore, defines the size of the local area network (LAN), so that the device can determine whether other network devices it communicates with are on the internal LAN or on the external wide area network (WAN). Why do we distinguish between LAN and WAN? Quite simply, a network device needs to know how to address traffic. Every network interface card (NIC), whether wired or wireless, has a MAC address. This is a unique 48 bit address, expressed in 6 hexadecimal octets as in 88:dc:96:ab:cd:ef, that is burned into the hardware when the NIC is manufactured (though it can be spoofed in most operating systems). When network devices intercommunicate, the first address used in that communication is the MAC address, not the IP address. MAC addresses, though, do not leave the realm of a LAN. If two devices are on the same LAN, they will communicate directly by specifying each other's MAC addresses. Note that the gateway / router is not involved in this communication, and will probably never even see the traffic depending on how the network is structured. When a device wants to communicate with another device not in the LAN, the device communicates to the MAC address of the default gateway, which in turn routes the traffic on to the WAN. How is a subnet mask structured? By definition, a subnet mask must be of equal length to the IP address, as it is used as a filter to express what portion of the IP address is "local" vs. global". In IPv4, therefore, the subnet mask is a 32 bit number, usually expressed in dotted decimal notation. Similarly, in IPv6, the subnet mask is a 128 bit number expressed in hex. Unlike an IP address, however, a subnet mask only has a specific set of values. To understand this, it makes more sense to look at the subnet mask in binary. The subnet mask consists of a contiguous set of "1"s followed by a contiguous set of "0"s. The "1"s indicate the bits in the IP address used for comparison - when that portion of the IP address matches between two hosts, the two hosts are on the same LAN. If that portion of the address doesn't match, then they are on different networks and traffic must be sent through a router / gateway in order to communicate. As a shorthand, classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) notation is used with a "/" after the IP address. The CIDR notation is actually more intuitive than the dotted decimal notation, as it indicates the number of "1"s in the subnet mask. The following table shows the complete set of valid IPv4 subnet masks. The larger the subnet, the lower the CIDR number, and the more hosts that can share the same LAN. The total number of devices on the LAN is 2^(32 - CIDR). Practical Examples and Reserved Addresses Most consumer and enterprise equipment come with a 255.255.255.0 or /24 subnet mask by default, and this is the one people are generally familiar with. A network that is 192.168.0.0/24 means that it has 256 total addresses on the LAN [i.e. 2^(32-24) = 2^8 = 256] with an address range of 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.0.255. A network that is 192.168.0.0/28 means that it has 16 total addresses on the LAN [i.e. 2^(32-28) = 2^4 = 16] with an address range of 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.0.15. A network that is 192.168.0.0/21 means that it has 2048 addresses on the LAN [i.e. 2^(32-21) = 2^11 = 2048] with an address range of 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.7.255. In IPv4, there are also reserved addresses, as follows: Network Address: This identifies the subnet. This is always the first address of the range. Broadcast Address: This is the address that is used to communicate broadcast messages to all devices within a LAN. (An example is DHCP responses from the DHCP server). This is always the last address of the range. The network address and the broadcast address must be defined with the subnet mask in order to provide context. As an example, the three networks above (192.168.0.0/24, 192.168.0.0/28, 192.168.0.0/21) all have the same network address, namely 192.168.0.0, but different broadcast addresses (i.e. 192.168.0.255, 192.168.0.15, 192.168.7.255). Similarly, two different networks can share the same broadcast address (e.g. 192.168.7.255 is a valid broadcast address for 192.168.0.0/21 as well as 192.168.7.0/24). One additional note, because of the network address and broadcast address, the number of LAN addresses that can be used for hosts is always 2 less than the number of addresses on the subnet. It is actually 3 less, because a host address has to be reserved for the gateway to route traffic to the external network (e.g. the Internet). By convention and convenience, the gateway is assigned to either the first or the last usable host IP address (e.g. 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.0.254 in our 192.168.0.0/24 example), though strictly speaking it can be any valid host address on the subnet. Why Do We Care? We care about subnet masking when architecting wired and wireless networks, to ensure that we can accommodate all of the hosts we expect to see on the network. As the number of devices per user continues to increase (who doesn't have a smartphone, tablet, e-reader, and laptop when they travel, and perhaps a game console and other network-enabled devices as well), and as the IoT trend introduces a torrent of small devices on our person and in our environments to measure all sorts of things, the typical 255.255.255.0 subnet mask is no longer sufficient. Take the example of a 100 room hotel that has a guest network. We generally want all of our guests on the same subnet, to facilitate their ability to wirelessly roam around the hotel (i.e. they can use the device in their room and stay connected when they go down to the hotel's pool or restaurant). If we use a 255.255.255.0 subnet mask, we have 253 possible hosts to accommodate. When guests average 1 device per user, 100 devices on the network falls well within our 253 possible hosts. At an average of 2 devices per user, 200 devices on the network starts to come uncomfortably close to our 253 address limit. At an average of 3 devices per user (3-4 devices per guest is currently "common"), we've exceeded our address pool of 253 devices, meaning that 47 devices are not getting an address and getting on the network, leading to complaints, aggravated guests, aggravated staff, and future lost business. The same scenario in a 200 room hotel reaches that 253 host limit a lot more quickly. However, if we use a subnet that is a /22 (1021 usable addresses for guests) or /21 (2045 usable addresses for guests), we have increased the size of the local area network and thus the total address pool. Hopefully you found this explanation clear and straightforward. Any questions? Please post a comment.
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This single image can help you learn the hacker's preferred coding language, Python If you are interested in becoming a hacker or a security researcher,
These days, there's a connector for almost everything: if it's not MagSafe 2 it's that weird USB connector or RCA or who knows what else. Wouldn't it be amazing if there was a single converter box to interconnect them all?
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Obligatory xkcd https://t.co/Y5AgHKyBS5
Meet Magic Motion's Candy; Ihre Klitoris grösste Freude! Magst du Süssigkeiten? Sie können einfach nicht widerstehen, Ihre Fixierung von Candy während eines langen Arbeitstages?
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Dictionary of Occult – Hermetic and Alchemical Sigils Le livre : ANGELS and DEMONS ABSORBENT EARTH – TERRE ABSORBANTE GEOFFROY 1718 DIDEROT 1763 ABSTRACT See DISTILLATION and SEPARATE A…
Azure Container Instances (ACI) are a very nice example of what organizations will never be able to do on-premises: scale high and pay peanuts. Let me tell you..
This global view of the surface of Venus is centered at 180 degrees east longitude. Magellan synthetic aperture radar mosaics from the first cycle of Magellan mapping are mapped onto a computer-simulated globe to create this image. Data gaps are filled with Pioneer Venus Orbiter data, or a constant mid-range value. Simulated color is used to enhance small-scale structure. The simulated hues are based on color images recorded by the Soviet Venera 13 and 14 spacecraft. The image was produced by the Solar System Visualization project and the Magellan science team at the JPL Multimission Image Processing Laboratory and is a single frame from a video released at the October 29, 1991, JPL news conference. Image Credit: NASA/JPL ------ Transit of Venus On June 5, 2012 at sunset on the East Coast of North America and earlier for other parts of the U.S., the planet Venus will make its final trek across the face of the sun as seen from Earth until the year 2117. The last time this event occurred was on June 8, 2004 when it was watched by millions of people across the world. Get prepared for this once in a lifetime event! To read more about the 2012 Venus Transit go to: sunearthday.nasa.gov/transitofvenus Add your photos of the Transit of Venus to our Flickr Group here: www.flickr.com/groups/venustransit/ NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram
This cool hack from TikTok shows Mac and Windows users how to quickly and easily delete a word or row of text on the computer. Learn how to do it here!
magic methods in python are special methods that are mainly used for operator overloading In python, Dunder methods are also known as magic methods and special methods.
Emmet, formerly Zen Coding, is one of the most downright practical and productive text editor plugins that you will ever see. With its ability to instantly expand simple abbreviations into complex code snippets, Emmet makes you feel like a powerful coding wizard with the world at your fing...
