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Description Aug. 17, 1948. w. H. FERGUSON ETAL 9 3 SPREADING TOOL FOR RESHAPING DEFORMED AUTOMOBILE BODIES Fil ed March 2, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet l H zmlfiow: l Vz/llamHFkrgu/som Ifarry 611 6219166021, MMCHZZQS A g. 7, w. H. FERGUSON ET AL 2,447,491 SPREADING TOOL FOR RESHAPING DEFORMED AUTOMOBILE BODIES Filed March 2, 1945 f 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 m 1 Wu lngleni/urs; 2/ 21am .Frgws Harry (I Rr guson I I 3 51%,, M W W ys Patented Aug. 17, 1948 SPREADING TOOL FOR RESHAPING DE FOItMED AUTOMOBILE BODIES William H. Ferguson, Malden, and Harry G. Ferguson, Melrose. Mass., assignors to H. K. Porter, Inc., Everett, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Application March 2, 1945, Serial No. 580,572 3 Claims. 1 This invention relates to spreading tools particularly intended for use in connection with the repair of automobile bodies and fenders which have been deformed by collision or otherwise in order to bend displaced parts back to or toward their original position. We provide a wieldy but powerful device capable of use in tight places, as by insertion within the interior of the body construction to apply within the same theforce of a powerful force-exerting mechanism of the type of a jack. It is convenient to use a jack which may be applied to other uses and in a sense the construction herein shown may be considered as an attachment for use with a jack or a mechanism to be powered by a jack, parts being provided for detachable coupling to the relatively stationary and movable parts of the jack, conveniently by means of screw-threaded connections as in the case of the devices shown in the patent to McBride 1,353,600 wherein, as in the present disclosure, a jack of the hydraulic type is illustrated. Our invention will be well understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the device in closed position mounted on a jack only parts of which are shown; Fig. 2 is a view from the left-hand side of Fig. Fig. 3 is a similar view from the right-hand side, the jack being omitted; Fig. 4 is a View similar to Fig. 1 showing the parts in another similar position; Fig. 5 is an inner view of the distal portion of the right-hand arm; and Fig. 6 is a section on the line 8-45 of Fig. 1. Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, we have there indicated the cylinder 0 of a hydraulic jack from which projects the plunger or piston rod P, to which parts are detachably screwthreaded respectively the base members l9 and E2 on which the parts of the spreader proper are organized. In the example of the invention shown the spreading action is efiected by an axial extension of the plunger or piston rod P under hydraulic pressure. We here show the member Ill as provided on opposite sides with ears I 4, two to the left (see Fig. 2) and three to the right (see Fig. 3), the former being located opposite to the spaces between the latter. These ears receive pins IS on which are pivotally mounted the right and left hand spreader arms iBR and ISL, respectively, which are preferably formed of a plurality of fiat elements as hereinafter more fully described. The contour of these arms as seen from the front is well shown in Figs. 1 and 4, and we will describe them with reference to the former figure. Each comprises a proximal portion 20 extending from the pivot 55 substantially parallel to the axial line of the jack, and they then curve inwardly to provide distal portions 2|, closely arranged (herein overlapping and nested as to be described) and located substantially in the axial line of the jack plunger P. The left-hand arm carries a pivot bolt 22 for pivotally supporting thereon a work-engaging plate or pad. 2 suitably contoured in the manner of a dolly block, the plate having ears 2% on the back thereof to receive the pivot. The bolt 22 is readily removable and provides for the use of interchangeable dolly blocks of differing form. The right-hand arm terminates short of the ears Z6 and is here shown as welded to the back of an abutment plate 28. We here show a rubber covering 30 in the form of a jacket or sleeve 39 extending over the outer face and the margins of the plate 28 and secured by a transverse web 32 at the top and lateral flanges 34 along the sides which overlie the inner face of the plate 28. This covering aids in positioning the arm and prevents it from slipping when in use. The distal portions 2| of the arms are close together as described in the closed position of theparts illustrated in Fig. 1, forming a long narrow stem which may be easily inserted between parts which it is desired to press apart to position the work- engaging elements 24 and 28 between them, as, for example, between'a relatively stationary interior frame element and a panel which has been crushed down toward To cause separating movement of the arms and of the work-engaging plates at the distal ends thereof, at least one (and herein where both arms are movably mounted on the base member it both of them) are actuated from the piston rod or plunger P of the jack. Herein a link 3611.- is pivoted at one end between ears M of the base member l2 by pivot pin I5 and at the other to the left-hand arm IBL at the proximal portion 28 thereof, which lies distant from the axial line of the jack, and this link in the closed position of the parts extends at a substantial angle to the axial line, about 20 in the example illustrated, so that when the plunger P starts to move upwardly, viewing Fig. 1, a substantial component of force is exerted on the arm. A similar link 36R. extends substantially symmetrically to the right-hand arm I8R. If we consider the right-hand arm as stationary (as it may be in practice) the two links 36L and 36R, may be considered as a toggle joint, the right-hand pivot 38R. constituting the abutment. The arrangement involving two links as shown minimizes lateral strain on the plunger as the transverse components are balanced. 1 counterpart members of sheet metal of suitable thickness and of adequate depth (transverse dimension, viewing Fig. 1) to give rigidity. The left-hand arm l8L may consist of three of the elements thus referred to assembled between and at either side of the left-hand ears, M as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, while the right-hand arm ISR. consists of two elements assembled between the ears l4 at the other side as shown in Fig. 3. The two last referredto will be out'of line with and between those first referred to and their distal portions 2| can enter between the distal portions 2! of others or mesh therewith when the tool is closed as shown in Fig. 1. The lefthand toggle link 36L, as seen in Fig. 2, may comprise two flat elements with the ends received between the three flat elements which go to make up the arm IBL forming therewith a stack of five parts at the location of the pivot 38L, as clearly shown in Fig. 2, while three fiat elements go to make up the right-hand link 35R and alternate with the two elements which form the right-hand arm l8R forming therewith a stack of five parts at the location of the pivot 38R as seen in Fig. 3. The proximal ends of the five link-forming elements, as seen in Fig. 6, form a stack of five received between the supporting ears 1% on the base member I2. The flat arm-forming elements are spaced and supported at their proximal ends by the pivot ears IE5, at their distal ends by the plates 24 and 28 and between these points by the elements of the links 36L and 36B which -enter between them. Figs. 2 and 3 indicate (not to accurate scale) that the individual thickness of the two elements which go to make up the righthand arm ltR and the left-hand toggle linke 36L may be greater than that of the three which make up the left-hand arm I811 and the righthand link 36R. The proportions may desirably be so chosen that each arm and link is of substantially the samestrength with respect to a load transverse thereto, viewing Figs. 2 and 3. To this end account should be taken of the principle that the strength of a beam under transverse load varies as the square of its width. The construction just described is simple 'to make and assemble and is light and strong. In the spreading action the force of the jack is applied in the central plane, viewing Figs. 2 and 3, without any twisting component. The arms may be made of adequate depth of desired strength and rgidity, yet because of the meshing arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1 a narrow head or point is provided for the tool as a whole which permits its easy insertion in close places. In referring to the parts in the annexed claims they will be spoken of as if in the position of Fig. 1, the collapsed or retracted position of the tool as contrasted with the expanded position of Fig. 4. It will be apparent that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and the present embodiment should therefore be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, as is in fact clear in several matters from the desorption itself. Reference is to be had to the appended claims to indicate those principles of the invention exemplified by the particular embodiment described and which it is desired to secure by Letters Patent. We claim: 1. A spreader tool comprising first and second base members providing means whereby the parts hereinafter recited are respectively operatively associated with the movable and stationary memhers of a. jack, the second member having workengaging arms arising from opposite sides thereof, one at least of which is pivotally mounted, and one at least having a proximal approximately straight portion and then being inturned toward the other and having a distal, outwardly extending portion, the arms each comprising a stack of spaced flat elements, those of one arm being opposits the spaces between those of the other, and links pivoted to the first member and to the spaced elements of the arms respectively comprising flat elements staggered in the two links and with their ends received in the spaces between the elements of the arms. I 2. A spreader tool comprising first and second base members providing means whereby the parts hereinafter recited are respectively operatively associated with the movable and stationary members of a jack, the second member having workengaging arms arising from opposite sides thereor, one at least of which is pivotally mounted, and one at least having a proximal approximately straight portion and then being inturned toward the other and having a distal, outwardly extending portion, the arms each comprising a stack of spaced flat elements, those of one arm being opposite the spaces between those of the other, and a link pivoted to the first member and extending at a substantial angle to the axial line of the jack and pivoted at its other end to the'pivotally mounted arm in the zone of the proximal portions of the arms. 3. A spreader tool comprising first and second base members providing means whereby the parts hereinafter recited are respectively operatively associated with the movable and stationary members of a jack, the second member having pivot bearings at each of opposite sides thereof, arms arising from said opposite sides of said member respectively, each arm comprising a stack of spaced, fiat elements pivoted at the bearings on the corresponding side, the elements forming one arm being stagggered relatively to the ele-- ments forming the other arm, the arms being inturned at a location between their ends to provide proximal spaced portions and distal portions where the elements of one stack may pass into the spaces between the elements of the other stack, and links pivoted to the first member and having ends received between and pivoted to the arm-forming elements at points in the spaced portions thereof. WILLIAM H. FERGUSON. HARRY C. FERGUSON. REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: UNITED STATES PATENTS

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Patent USD156513 - Johnson rubbing machine - Google Patents

Description Nov. 25, 1930. w. FERGUSON 1,783,077 smm'r METAL BUMPING OUT TOOL Filed may 4, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 9 E21 j 26 "w Fig.0. W///////////////l////A INVENTOR. Nov. 25, 1930. w. FERGUSON 1,783,077 SHEET METAL BUMPING OUT TOOL Filed May 4. 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 v 2.9 I v INVENTOR. ' Willicunfl gllaorg B W A TTORNE Y. ' Nov. 25, 1930. w, FER USON 1,783,077 SHEET METAL BUMRING OUT T 00L Filed May 4, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Lip I N V EN TOR. fi illz'amiel gason A TTORNE Y. Nbv. 25, 1930. w. FERGUSON 1,783,077 I SHEET METAL BUMPING OUT TOOL Filed May 4, 1928 SSheets-Sheet 4 FQ'JJ. F1 47; Fig-18. INVENTOR. mlll'afibflzgllsozw W ATTORNEY. Nov. 25, 1930. w, FERGUSON 1,783,077 SHEET METAL BUMPING OUT TOOL Filed May 4, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. Wi liam 'l gasow, BY v. v i I ATTORNEY. Patented Nov. 25, 1930 WILLIAM FERGUSDN, or rrm'r, m'rcnmm BHEET-IIETAL-BUIPING-OUT TOOL Application filed Kay 4, This invention relates to tools to be used for metal bumping work, more articularly for use in bumping out indentatlons in automobile bodies due to collisions and accidents, and 8 the invention has for its object to provide a tool of such class in a manner as hereinafter set forth for reaching a certain part of an automobile body without the necessity of tearing down the inner frame or supporting struc- 10 ture to get at the indentation in the metal for the purpose of bumping it out. i In removing indentations from the sheet metal body and fenders of an automobile it is now the usual practice to hold a metal 15 block or dolly against the inner face of the indented structure while blows are delivered to the outer surface. It frequently happens however that access to the inner surface of the indented agortion of the automobile is obstructed by jacent braces, beams or backing frame so that the dolly or bumping-out blockcan not be held a st the surface to be bumped out until the structing structure has been removed. The present invention is therefore directed to a group of difl'erently shaped bumping-out tools designed for use in umping out or strai htemng different portions of the sheet metal structure of an automobile. Each of m the tools illustrated consists of a handle having a flattened portion at an end thereof constitutin an anvil adapted to be held against the wor being bumped out, and the anvils are differently shaped and disposed at different angles to their handles to facilitate their use in various. positions where the surface to be bumped out is more or less obstructed by braces, beams or other supporting structure. Furthermore the bumping'surface of each anvil is curved to conform more or less accurately to the desired curvature of the surface to be bumped out. With the foregoing and other objects in view the invention consists of the novel construction, combination and arran ement of parts as hereinafter more speci cally described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein is shown an embodiment of the invention, but it is to be understood that 50 changes, variations and modifications can be 1988. Serial No. 875,217. resorted to which fall within the scope of the claims hereunto appended. In the drawings wherein like reference characters denote corresponding parts throughout the several views: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a tool in accordance with this invention for bumping out metal. Figure 2 is a front elevation thereof. Figure 3 is a fragmentary view in front elevation upon an enlarged scale. Figures 4, and 6 are respectively sections on lines 4-4, 5-5 and 66 of Figure 1. Figure 7 is a side elevation of another form of tool in accordance with this invention for bumping out metal. Figure 8 is a fragmentary view in rear elevation thereof. Figure 9 is a fragmenta elev%tion of the form of too shown in Figure 1 Figure 10 is a section on line 10-10 of Figure 7. Figure 11 is a side elevation of still another form of tool in accordance with this invention for bumping out metal. 7 Figures 12, 13 and 14 are respectively sections on lines 1212, 13-13 and 14-14 of Fi ure 11. igure 15 is a side elevation of still another form of tool in accordance with this invention for bumping out metal. Figure 16 is a front elevation thereof. Figures 17, 18 and 19 are respectively sections on lines 1717, 1818 and 19-19 of Figure 15. Figure 20 is a side elevation of still another form of tool in accordance with this invention for bumping out metal. Figure 21 is a rear elevation thereof broken away. Figures 22 and 23 are sections on lines 2222, 2323, respectively, of Figure 20. Figure 24 is a view looking toward the free end of the handle of the tool. The tool as illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 is what is termed a heavy fender spoon and comprises a handle 25 of appropriate length and preferably of polygonal cross section to facilitate gripping the same in the hand. One view in frontend of the handle 25 is tapered as at 26 and merges into an inclined anvil 27 curved lengthwise thereof from end to end. The anvil 27 gradually decreases in thickness from its inner to its outer end and has its rear face of arcuate curvature transversely. The anvil 27 is of spoon-like form and has a rounded free end. The inner portion of the anvil is flared and it merges into a substantially oval-shaped portion which is of greater length than the tapered portion. The anvll is disposed at an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the handle 25. The bumping-out tool of Fig; 1 may be employed in various operations ut is particularly well adapted for use in straightening out the fenders of an automobile and is so constructed that the handle 25 of the tool may be grasped in the hand to hold either the outer convex surface of the anvil 27 or the curved end thereof against the indented structure while bumping out blows are delivered to the exposed or outer surface of the indented structure. The handle 25 is made relatively heavy as shown so that the weight or inertia of rest of the entire tool will be sufficient to withstand the bumping out blows. 'The tool as shown in Figures 7 to 10 inclusive is what is termed a wide heavy duty sill spoon and it comprises a handle 28 of appropriate length and of polygonal cross section and has a tapered end 29 which merges into an inclined anvil 30 curved lengthwise thereof from end to end. The rear face of the anvil 30 is of arcuate curvature transversely. The anvil 30 gradually decreases in thickness from its inner toward its outer end and is of flaring contour throughout. The forward face of the anvil 30 at the outer portion thereof is beveled as at 31. The free end of the anvil 30 is rounded, and the anvil is disposed at an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the handle 28 and is of less thickness and of less len h than the anvil 27 The angular disposition of the anvil 30 is substantially the same as that of the anvil 27. The form of tool shown in Figures 11 to 14, both inclusive, is what is termed a special door spoon and it comprises a handle 32 of appropriate length and of polygonal cross section. The handle 32 has a tapered end 33 which merges into an inclined anvil 34 upon a slight curve from end to end thereof and which is disposed at an obtuse angle with respect to the handle 32. The anvil 34 is disposed at a greater angle than the anvils 27 and 30. The anvil 34 gradually decreases in thickness from its inner toward its outer end vthe longitudinal axis of the handle. either of the anvils 27 or 30. The tool as shown in Figures 15 to 19 is what is termed a double end driving spoon and it includes a bar-like handle 35 of appropriate length and preferably of polygonal cross section to facilitate grasping the same firmly in the hand. The handle 35 is tapered at one end as at 36 and merges into an anvil 37 curved in the direction of its length and disposed at an acute angle with respect to The anvil 37 while relatively thick throughout its length gradually decreases in thickness from its lIlIlBI' toward its outer end and the outer face of the anvil which constitutes the bumping surface is of arcuate curvature transversely and longitudinally. The free end of the anvil 37 is positioned beyond the plane of the handle 35. The anvil 37 in the construction shown is of uniform width through out. The free end of the anvil 37 is beveled as indicated at 38. This tool is adapted for use in various bumping out operations, and also constitutes a powerful prying tool for bending the distorted portion of an automobile back into place. The handle 35 has a curved portion 36 at its other end which merges into a relatively thick, laterally extending inclined flaring anvil 37 which gradually decreases in thickness from its inner to its outer end. The anvil 37 is of greater width than anvil 37 and its outer end is shaped to form the relatively square bumping-out shoulder or abutment 38. The anvil 37' extends from the handle 35 in an opposite direction from that of the anvil 37 and is reversely bent with respect to the handle; that is, the anvil 37' is so positioned that its outer face forms an obtuse angle with the extended longitudinal axis of the handle andis given only a slight curve in the direction of its length. As a result of this reversely bent arrangement of the anvil 37 it is well adapted for use in various prying operations and its outer face forms a bumping-out service adapted to be held against the work in various bumpingout operations, while its outer end 38 is also adapted to be held against the various portions of an automobile to be bumped out. The construction of this double ended bumping-out tool of Fig. 15 is such that either anvil may be conveniently grasped by the workman to hold the opposite anvil against the work while performing the bumping-out operation. The form of tool shown in Figures 20 to 24 is what is termed a body post spoon and includes a handle 39 of appropriate length and of polygonal cross'section and which has a tapered end 40 which merges into an anvil 41, which is disposed at an obtuse angle with respect to the handle 39 and curved lengthwise thereof. The angle upon which the The anvil 41 gradually decreases in thickness from its inner towardits outer end and is of ar'cuate curvature transversely of its outer face. The anvil 41 is ofuniform width from end to end with the exception of an inner flaring portion of materially less length than the length of the part of uniform width. In each of the bumping-out tools illustrated in the drawings the anvil is disposed at an angle .to the handle portion of the tool to facilitate the presentation of the curved outer face of the anvil to the indented surface that is to be bumped out, andthe handle in each construction is made sufficiently heavy to Ycause the inertiaof rest of the tool to resist the bumping out blows delivered to the outer or exposed surface of the indented structure. 1 The anvils are disposed at various angles to the handles for use indifferent bumping out operations and to facilitate the placing of an anvilagainst a more or less obstructed surface. ' curved coupling portion extending from each WhatIclaimis: 1. A bumping-out .tool for removing indentations in the metal structure of a vehiole, comprising a 'barslike handle having a end of the handle, .and a tapered elongated anvil provided at each end of the handle and connected to the handle by said coupling portions to extend inopposite directions with to extend in opposite directions from the longitudinal axis of the handle and one 'anvil being disposed at a greater angle to the handle than the other. 3. A bumping-out tool for removing indentations in the metal structure of a vehicle comprising a relativel' heavy bar-like handle, a tapered elongate anvil provided at each end ofthe handle and formed rigid therewith to extend in; opposite directions from the handle, each anvil having a curved bumping surface extending lengthwise of the anvil and one, anvil being disposed at agreater angle to the handle than the other. .4. A bumping-out tool for removing indentations in'the metal structure of a vehicle, comprising aI-bar-Iike handle, an elongated 'anvil provided at each end of the handle and formed rigid therewith to extend in opposite directions from the longitudinal axis of the handle, each anvil hav ng a curved bumping surface and one anvil having its outer bumping surface disposed at an acute angle to the extended axis of the handle and the other having its outer bumping surface disposed at an obtuse angle to the extended axis of the handle. r 5. A bumping-out tool for removin indentations'in the metal structure of a ve 'cle, comprisin a bar-like handle, having itsopposite en s flattened and bent laterall in opposite directions from the longitu inal axis of the handle to form anvilsprovided with curved bumping surfaces extending longitudinally of the anvils. .6. A bumping-out tool for removing indentations in the metal structure of a vehicle, comprising a bar-like handle havin its opposite ends flattened and bent'latera y in opposite directions-from the lon itudinal axis. of the handle to form anvils o greater width than the handle and bumping surfaces extending ongitudinally of the anvils. 7. A bumping-out tool for removing indentations in the metal structure of a vehicle comprising a relatively heavy bar-like handle, a flattened elon ated anvil provided at each end of the han 1e and formed rigid therewith to extend laterally in opposite di-' rection from the longitudinal axis of. the rovided with handle andvone anvil being disposed at a greater angle to the handle than the other. 8. A bumping-out tool for removing indentations in the metal structure of a vehicle comprising a bar-like handle having one end flattened and reversely bent to form a later-- ally extendin anvil provided with an outer bump1ng sur ace that is disposed at an obtuse angle to the extended-longitudinal axis of the handle. 9. A bumping-out tool for removing indentations 'in the metal structure of a vehicle comprising a bar-like handle having one en flattened. and bent laterally to the handle at nearly a right angle thereto to. form a laterally extending anvil provided with an outer bumping surface and a shoulder at its outer end.. a 1 10. A bumping-out tool for removing indentationsinthe metal structure of a vehicle, comprising a bar-like handle having one end flattened and bent laterally to thehandle at a pronounced angle to form a laterally extending anvil provided with an outer buanping surface and a shoulderat its outer en 1 4 g In testimony whereof, I afiixmy signature hereto. 7 . WILLIAM FERGUSON.

Patent US3523348 - Holder for machine tools of flexible material having teeth or a cutting edge - Google Patents

Grootste collectie gereedschappen voor uitdeuken zonder spuiten (UZS) in Europa: Dentcraft, UltraDent, Pro PDR, A-1 Tool, Anson, TDN Tools, Elimadent en meer.

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Description March 26, 1929- v. BIANcHa ET Al. FILE HOLDER Filed NOV. 22, 1926 l l UIN/Y! operation and for VALENTINO BIANCHI AND GEORGE A. HOLSBEBG, F ' SAID HOLSBERG ASSIGNOR T0 SAID PATENT o Fries.v BIANCHI. v FILE nomma Application led November 22, 1926. Serial No. 150,052. This invention relates to lfile holding and flexing mechanisms or devices and has for its primary object the provision of means forl supporting a flexible file so that it can be effectively adusted to adapt itself to the shape of the o ject to be operated upon. ' Another object of the invention is to provide means of this character which will be positive and quick of action and of a design whereby it can be manually actuated with accuracy where the file will truly conform wlth the shape of the surface operated upon. A further object of the invention is to provide means of this character which will be reliable for the purpose intended, light of 'weight and inexpensive-of manufacture. Another object of the invention is to provide means whereby to bear evenl upon t e. file while in action. Another o ject of the inveutionis to provide meansl for effecting quick attachment of a file to or removal of same from the hold as the occasion demands.v With the above and other objects in view which will appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the improved construction and novel arrangements of parts which will hereinafter be fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. In the accompanying drawings has been illustrated the preferred form of the invention, it being, however, understood that no limitations are necessarily made to the precise structuraldetails therein exhibited, butthat changes, alterations and modifications within the scope of the claims may be resorted to when desired. The figure is a view in side elevation with parts in section, showing the file in full lines when occupying a plane position, and in dotted lines when fiexed to respective positions. In carryin the invention into prac tice use is made o companion grips 5 and 6 which are shaped to adapt themselves to the two hands of an operator for convenience of the purpose of permitting equal pressure to be applied thereto when the file is moved against its work. The two grips 5 and 6 are connected together by a turn'- buckle 7 whose rod sections 8 and 9 are pivotally joined at'10 to said grips so that the latter are free to tilt relatively. In order to accomplish this end satisfactorily the outer extremities of the rod sections 8 and 9 are the inner faces lof sai v so that the grips 5 and 6 can be tilted plressure may be brought. within the customary cavities 11 formed in gri s. The rod sectlons are respectively provi left hand threads which are accommodated in the correspondin ly threaded bores 12 and 13 in the nut 14 o said turn-buckle. The turn-buckle thus characterizes a means which seated in compensating SAN nmncrsco, cALIFonNIA; i ed with right and is adjustable longitudinally or in its length, to occupy positions that dete ure of a plane. The grips 5 and 6 are employed in conjunction with a :Hexible, normally flat file 15 of the reversible or two-faced type. The respective ends of the file are. formed with apertures 16 through which screws 17 are passed. These screws find engagement in threaded bores 18 formedin the grips axially thereof. l The lower faces of the grips ,are flat and relatively broad, so as to come into effective or full contact with the surfaces of the file against which they 6 is formed at its base with a depending lug 19 which serves as an abutment for an adjacent transverse edge of the file blade, thus serving at a stress point to relieve the screws 17 of any material strain. l Asshown in full lines, the file 15 is in a' horizontal flat plane. When thegrips are adjusted to a second position deslgnated'at B in dotted lines, the file asf sumes'a position of flexture where its working or exposed surface is arcuate or concave. In this position the eective workin surface of the file is calculated to adapt itsel to a surface of corresponding curvature. When ad- )usted .to a third position indicated by the dotted lines C, the effective working surface of the file is relatively curved, so that it is mine a given flex-v are presented; The grip the grips 5 and 6 I are substantially 1n parallelism, at which time 0 convexed longitudinally. Many intermediate positions of adjustment of the le can be had almost instantly, so that it can be made to quickly and accurately come into true conformation with the surface to be filed. It is, of course, understood that in using the device the file is actuated against the surface being acted upon as is common or skill of the user, but 1t 1s. important to bear in mind that positlomng the grips 5 and 6 in their relative order as previously set forth herein enables the work of filing to be carried on with dispatch and thoroughness with an equal expendlture of pressure of the file against its work. los' While We have shown only the preferred form of the invention, itshould be understood that various changes or modifications may be made within the scope of the claims 5 hereto attached without departing from the spirit of the invention. We claim: 4 1. A device of the class described comprising a pair of spaced tilting grips, a turnbuckle operatively connected with said grips to tiltsame and to hold the gri s in ixed positions of tilted adjustment, an means for securing the respective ends of a fiexible file to said rip. 2. A at blade of the character described having operating elements extending from VALENTINO L. BIANCHI. GEORGE A. HOLSBERG.

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Description Patented Mar. 20, 1945 qUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. PNEUMATIC HAMMER Carlyle B. Stair, Downers Grove, 111. Application November 15, 1943, Serial No. 510,313 9 Claims. '(01. 78-48) This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in devices suitable for use in riveting operations, for example, percussion hammers and rivet squeezers. A principal object of the invention is to provide, in apparatus of the above character, improved constructions and appliances which function to prevent' a rivet setting tool during for,- mation of the rivet head from coming into contact with the plate or other object in which the rivet is being applied. In this way the invention avoids indenting or otherwisemarring the surface of the plate adjacent the rivet head. When the principles of the invention are embodied in fluid pressure actuated devices, the invention contemplates the provision of means which operate automatically to render the fluid pressure within such device temporarily inefiective as an actuating force when the rivet setting tool of the device moves to a predetermined space position relative to the plane of the metal plate or other object in which the rivet is being applied. Another object is to provide a simplified spacing element which may be readily and conveniently attached to the body of a pressure actuated riveter, for example, a portable pneumatic hammer, so that the rivet setting tool thereof is positively spaced a predetermined distance from the plate or other object in which a rivet is being applied. In this connection the invention also includes means whereby the space between the rivet set and the plate may be selectively varied as may be required for rivets of various sizes. Further and more specific objects of the invention include the provision, in apparatusof the above character, of a spacing element which is so formed as to permit its use in situations where the rivets are arranged relatively close to each other or in close relation to shoulders or other obstructions on the plate. In addition to the spacing function of the spacing element, it also provides a simplified enclosure for the rivet setting tool and thereby prevents any likelihood of injury to the operator. The invention, briefly described, comprises a body member, in the present instance a pneumatic hammer body, formed with the usual pressure chambers and other conventional means for alternatively directing air pressure against the. opposite ends of a reciprocating plunger so as to move it into and out of percussive contact with the inner end of a rivet setting tool. In other instances, .for example, in rivet squeezing apparatuses or in percussion tools operated by forces other than fluid pressure, other suitable means may be employed obviously for rendering the op erating forces temporarily inefiective. The rivet setting tool is supported in a suitable adapter so that the inner end of the tool extends the recessed end of the tool bears against the end of the rivet and, therefore, tends to bring the center of the tool into alignment with the center of the rivet. The extent of said inward movement is determined entirely by the length of the protruding end of the rivet and the amount of outward movement required of the tool to form the desired rivet head. When the tool is in its position of rest, air passages, preferably though not necessarily, form in the rivet setting tool per se, lead from a pressure chamber within the hammer body to exhaust ports formed in the adapter so as to exhaust the air pressure from the chamber into the atmosphere. It will be seen, therefore, that when the rivet setting tool is in its normal position of rest, the pressure chambers of the hammer are open to the atmosphere, and, therefore, the'fluid pressure is made ineffective as an actuator. In order to close the said air passages and thereby make the pressure fluid effective as an actuator for the hammer, the rivet setting tool is moved inwardly a distance sufficient to move the outer ends of the air passages beneath said abutment ring and thereby close the said air passages. The nor-' mal rest position of the said tool is such as to support the reciprocating plunger clear of a normally restricted opening in the hammer body and, therefore, prevent the plunger from becoming wedged in said restricted opening. In order to prevent the rivet setting tool from striking the surface of the plate adjacent the head of the rivet, a spacing element is secured to the adapter so as to extend a slight distance beyond the outer end of the rivet setting tool when the latter is in its position of rest. Consequently, when the spacing member is placed against the object in which the rivet is being applied, the rivet setting tool may move outwardly relative to the spacing member during the forming of the rivet head, but it can never move to the end of said spacing element. Consequently, it can never engage the surface of the plate or object adjacent the rivet head. In this way, all possibility of indenting or otherwise marring the smooth surface of a plateis avoided. In order to provide for variations in the spacing between the rivet setting tool and the plane of the. plate in which the rivet is being applied, the said spacing member is made adjustable so that its effective length may be varied by turning the spacing element in an appropriate direction so as to screw it into or out of the said adapter. It is, therefore, a specific object of this invention to provide a pneumatic hammer constructed and operating in the manner above briefly described, for carrying out the objects hereinabove mentioned, together with such other objects as will appear from the constructions herein more fully described in the following specification. The invention is illustrated in one specific embodiment in the accompanying drawings wherein: Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a pneumatic hammer constructed in accordance with this invention. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view in elevation, illustrating certain details of construction and show-' ing also a series of graduations for assisting the operator to make desired adjustments of one member relative to the other. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of the hammer device illustrated in Fig. 1, the same being shown on a larger scale and illustrating the positions of the parts when the rivet setting tool is in its normal position of rest. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken on line H of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on line 55 of' Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken on line G-i of Fig. 3 and illustrating the position of the rivet setting tool and the surrounding guide member when the rivet is positioned in close relation to a shoulder or other obstruction on a plate; and Fig. 7 is a, fragmentary view in elevation, and on a smaller scale than shown in the other figures, of the lower portion of the improved hammer device. Referring to the drawings: Ill designates the body portion of a portable pneumatic hammer. H one of the air pressure chambers formed therein. I2 is an air passage leading from the chamber H to the source of pressure controlled by a throttle button l3 which projects outwardly from a hand grip N. The fluid under pressure, for example, compressed air, is supplied by means of a conduit l5 leading from a source of supply (not shown) to a valve located within the hand grip l4 and controlled, in a manner well-known, by the operation of the throttle button [3 so as to direct fluid pressure alternately against opposite end faces of a plunger it, so that the said plunger is forced into and out of percussive contact with the inner end ll of a rivet setting tool [8. The rivet setting tool is supported in an adapter sleeve l5 which has a. threaded engagement 2! with the outer portion of the hammer body Ill. Preferably, the body receiving end of the adapter is counter-bored, as indicated at 2|, so as to extend beyond and, therefore, conceal the threads 28. A series of safety set screws 22 (preferably four in number) extend through the counter-bored portion of the adapter and engage the hammer body so as to firmly lock the adapter on the body. The rivet setting tool It extends through a central bore 23 in the adapter and is formed with an annular flange 24 which seats against a washer pad 25 positioned in the lower end of a cylindrical chamber 28 formed in the adapter IS. A coil spring 21 is interposed between the flange 28 of the rivet setting tool and an abutment 28 associated with the body portion of the hammer. The abutment 28 is in the form of a ring or sleeve slidably mounted on the upper end I l of the rivet setting tool. The outer face of the abutment sleeve 28 is curved to fit the normally curved surface at the lower end of a cylindrical bearing member'29 inserted in a counter-bore 3|! at the outer end of the hammer body. The said curved surface of the abutment fits snugly against the curved surface of the bearing member 28 so as to prevent any escape of air pressure at this point. The abutment ring 28 is used in the present embodiment because the invention, as herein constructed, is intended to be applied to a pneumatic hammer of conventional construction in which the outer end of bearing 29 is curved to fit a corresponding curvature of a tool ordinarily used in such hammers. However, when the improvements of the present invention are embodied in the hammer body per se, rather than in an adapter, the outer end of the hammer body can be made square and the abutment ring 28 can be omitted. The spring 21, it will be seen, normally exerts pressure against the flange 24 so as to hold it against the washer 25. In this position of the tool the upper end thereof extends through a. restricted central passage in the hammer body a distance sumcient to prevent the plunger l6 from becoming wedged in the said restricted opening. Furthermore, when the tool is in its position of rest, as above indicated, an annular groove 3i, formed in the upper end of the tool, extends partly beyond the square outer face of the abutment ring 28. This groove is connected by means of a plurality of ducts 32 to the pressure chamber H. The ducts 32 are formed, preferably though not necessarily, in the upper end of the tool and provide passages whereby the fluid pressure may be exhausted. In this position of the tool, the pressure chamber II is open to the atmosphere. In such case, if the throttle button I3 is depressed to admit air under pressure into chamber H, the air will escape to the atmosphere through ports 33. In order to make the air pressure effective for operation of the hammer, it is necessary to move the rivet setting tool [8 inwardly until the annular groove 3| is completely closed by the outer square edge of the abutment ring 28, for example, the position shown in Fig. 1. The said rivet setting tool may be moved inwardly to the desired position against the compression of the spring 2'! by merely pressing its recessed end 38 against the end of the rivet 35 in the manner indicated in Fig. 1. The curvature of the recess, as before indicated, serves to center the tool [8 on the rivet. In order to prevent the recessed end 34 of the rivet setting tool from engaging the surface of the plate or other object in which the rivet is being formed, a spacing sleeve member 38 is secured to the adapter sleeve. Preferably the spacer is made in two parts. The upper part 38* is threaded at 31 into the outer end portion of the adapter sleeve 19 so as to maintain a fixed position thereon. The lower end 36* is removably swiveled to the upper section 35 by means of an expanding ring member 36" positioned in an annular groove formed in the upper section so as to expand into frictional engagement with the adjacent portion of the lower member 33". This engagement provides an impositive lock which permits the lower section 36 to be applied and removed when desired without disturbing the adjustment of the upper section. When the two sections of the spacing member are assembled and applied to the adapter, as shown, the adapter is maintained in a predetermined position relative to the face 38 of the plate 39. The upper section 36 of said spacer sleeve is preferably adjusted so that the outer end ll] of section 36' will extend a predetermined distance beyond the outer recessed end 34 of the rivet setting tool so that the said tool can never come into contact with the plane of the plate 39 during the formation of the head on the rivet 35. The spacing between the end 40 of the spacer sleeve and the end 34 of the rivet setting tool may be varied by merely rotating the sleeve 36 in an appropriate direction. In order to facilitate this adjustment, the inner end portion of the sleeve is provided with suitable graduations to indicate the extent of the adjustment. When the spacer 36 is properly adjusted, it is firmly locked in its adjusted position by turning the screw II in a direction to tighten the split collar portion 42 of the adapter about the inner threaded end portion of the spacer sleeve. In order to permit the use of the spacer member in situations when the rivets are located relatively close to each other or when they are arranged in close relation to an obstruction, for example, a shoulder" (see Fig. 6), a portion of one side of the spacer sleeve 33 is cut away so that the rivet setting tool may be positioned relatively close to such abutment during the riveting operation. In operation, the recessed outerend of the rivet setting tool is pressed against the end of a rivet 35, the rivet being held in place by a buck-up tool 44. The pressure exerted on the hammer moves the rivet setting tool inwardly from the position shown in Fig. 3 into the position indicated in Fig. 1, until the outer end Ill of the spacer sleeve 36 engages the face of sheet 38. This engagement between the spacer and the plate is, preferably though not necessarily, effected before beginning the head forming or riveting operation. In this position of the rivet setting tool the annular groove 3| is moved to a position within the central bore of the abutment ring 28 so that the air passages 32 leading to the pressure chamber II are closed. When the parts are in this position, fluid pressure adm tted to the pressure chamber ll exerts pressure against the shoulder portion 45 and outer face 46 of the plunger it. Whereupon the plunger recedes from the tool l3 in a direction toward the hand grip end of the ham mcr. Durin the receding movement of the plunger IS, the air in front of the plunger is caused to exhaust through exhaust passage 41 and port 48. When the plunger is retracted to a suitable position, mechanism within the hamme, not shown. functions to d rect the fluid pressure a a nst the end 49 of the plunger so as to fo ce it in a d rection to strike the inner end ll of the rive setting tool. As soon as the tool has moved a distance sufllcient to uncover the outer ed e 50.0% the annular groove 3| the fluid pressure within the chamber H is instantly dissipated. Instantaneous dissipation of pressure is insured since any slight movement of the edge 50 of the groove beyond the square outer face of the abutment sleeve 23 results in producing a relatively large exhaust opening. By the exhaust 75 of the pressure fluid from the pressure chamber I I in the manner above described, the fluid pressure is made ineffective to retract the plunger IS. The escape of the air produces a hissing sound 5 which serves as an audible signal to indicate to the operator and to the person manipulating the bucking tool that the riveting operation is completed.- While the invention is illustrated herein in connection with fluid pressure riveters and speciflcally in connection with a pneumatic hammer. it will be readily understood by persons familiar with this art that the principles of the present invention may be readily embodied in riveters and similar percussion devices actuated by forces other than fluid pressure, the broad feature of the invention being, regardless of the specific device in which it is embodied, to limit the movement of a working t-ool relative to the work so that the effectiveness of the tool will be automatically discontinued when the desired work has been completed. I claim: 1. A percussion riveter of the character described comprising a body member having a pressure chamber iherein, a rivet setting tool for upsetting a rivet. means defining an exhaust passage from said pressure chamber to the atmosphere, means controlling the opening and closing :10 of said passage and effective upon a predetermined movement of said tool to vent the pressure fluid from said chamber to the, atmosphere, wherby said fluid is rendered ineffective as an actuator for said riveter, and an adjustable spac- 35 ing means extending beyond the outer end of said rivet setting tool to prevent said tool from coming into contact with the member in which the rivet is applied. 2. A fluid pressure actuated device comprlsmg a body member having a fluid pressure chamber therein, a rivet setting tool supported in said body for applying metal displacing pressure to a rivet, passages formed in said tool and leading from said chamber to the atmosphere, means eflective upon predetermined movement of said tool in one, direction for opening said passages and effective upon movement of the tool in the opposite direction to close said passages, and spacing means extending outwardly from the end of the tool for engagement with the object receiving the rivet adjacent the rivet head, where.- by the rivet setting tool is prevented from engaging said object. 3. A fluid pressure actuated device having a fluid pressure chamber therein, a rivet setting tool operated in said body forapplying metal displacing pressure to a rivet, passages formed in said tool and leading from said chamber to the atmosphere, means effective upon predetermined movement of said tool in one direction for openin said passages, and effective upon movement of the tool in the opposite direction to 'close said passages, and a spacing sleeve enclosing the said tool and adapted to be pressed against the object in which the rivet is being applied to hold the tool from contacting said object, the said sleeve being adjustably connected to a fixed partof the device whereby its effective length may be varied to change the distance between the said tool and the said object. 4. In a pneumatic hammer having a body formed .with an air pressure chamber and a plunger for reciprocating in the chamber in response to air pressures exerted against opposite ends thereof, means for supporting a percussion means for limiting the outward movement of the tool relative to said adapter, a spring for holding the tool in its outward position, a passage leading from said pressure chamber to the atmosphere, and means automatically effective when the tool is moved inwardly to close said passage whereby the air pressure is made effective for operating said plunger, and whereby the air pressure is made ineffective for the operation of said plunger when the tool is in its outermost position. 5. In a formed with an air pressure chamber and a plungerfor reciprocating in the chamber in response to air pressures exerted against opposite ends thereof, means for supporting a percussion transmitting tool to receive percussive force from said plunger, comprising an adapter removably attached to the outer end of said hammerbody, a percussion transmitting tool slidably supported in said adapter with its inner end extending into said bore for engagement with said plunger, means for limiting the outward movement of the tool relative to said adapter, a spring for holding the tool in its outward position, a passage leading from said pressure: chamber to the atmosphere, means automatically eliective when the tool is moved inwardly to close said passage whereby the air pressure is made eifective for operating said plunger, and whereby the air pressure is made inefiective for the operation of said neumatic hammer having a body' plunger when the tool is in its outermost position, and spacing means adjustably fixed to the adapter for engaging an object so as to hold the outer end of said tool in spaced relation to the object when the tool reaches the limit of its outward movement. 6. In a pneumatichammer having a body formed with an air pressure chamber and a plunger for reciprocating in the chamber in response to air pressure exerted against opposite ends thereof, means for supporting a percussion transmitting tool in a position to receive percussive force from said plunger comprising an adapter removably attached to the outer end of said hammer body, a percussion transmitting tool slidably supported in said adapter with its inner end extending into said bore for engagement with said plunger, means for limiting the outward movement of the tool relative to said adapter, 9. spring for holding the tool in its outward position, means providing an exhaust passage from said pressure chamber to the atmosphere including a ring groove extending round the tool and connecting said ring groove with the pressure chamber, means automatically effective to close said ring groove when the tool is moved inwardly and permitting the exhaust oil said pressure in the chamber when the tool goes to its outward limit, a coil spring for urging the tool toward its outer limit, and a spacer element carried by the adapter for engagement with an object to hold the said tool spaced therefrom. - 7. In a pneumatic hammer having a body formed with an air pressure chamber and a plunger for reciprocating in the chamber in response to air pressure exerted against opposite ends thereof, means for supporting a percussion transmitting tool in a position to receive percussive force from said plunger comprising an adapter removably attached to the outer end of said hammer body, a percussion transmitting tool slidably supported in said adapter with its inner end extending into said bore for engagement with said plunger, means for limiting the outward movement of the tool relative to said adapter, a spring for holding the tool in its outward position, means providing an exhaust passage from said pressure chamber to the atmosphere including a ring groove extending round the tool and connecting said ring groove with the pressure chamber, means automatically effective to close said ring groove when the tool is moved inwardly and permitting the exhaust of said pressure in the chamber when the tool goes to its outward limit, a coil spring for urging the tool toward its outer limit, and a spacer sleeve adjustably fitted to the adapter and surrounding the tool, a side portion of the said spacer being recessed to permit the side of the tool to be arranged in close relation to an object. 8, In a pneumatic hammer having a body formed with an air pressure chamber in which a plunger is adapted to operate, and having also a central bore communicating with said pressure chamber and for receiving the inner end of a percussion transmitting tool, the mouth of said bore being flared outwardly; means for supporting a percussion transmitting tool in said bore comprising an adapter sleeve secured to the outer end of said body, a percussion transmitting tool slidably supported in a central bore extending through the adapter sleeve, there being an enlarged chamber in the adapter sleeve and the tool being formed with a flange movable lengthwise in said enlarged chamber, an abutment ring slidably mounted on the inner end of said tool and having a reduced end portion shaped to fit the outwardly flared mouth of said central bore of the hammer-body, a spring interposed between the flange of said tool and said abutment ring for urging the said tool toward its normal inactive position, there being passages formed in the tool leading from said pressure chamber to the atmosphere when the tool is in its normal inactive position but which passages are closed by inward movement of the tool, and a spacer sleeve surrounding the tool and adiustably clamped to the adapter, whereby the outer end of the spacer may be selectively positioned in any desired spaced relation relative to the outer end of said tool. 9. In apparatus of the character described, the combination of a body member, a percussion transmitting tool for extending from the body to an object on which work is being performed. and means for holding the said body spaced from the work with capacity for rotational movement comprising a sectional spacing element including a fixed section attached to the body and an outer section removably swiveled to the fixed section so that the said body may be rotated relative to the outer section of said spacing member. CARLYLE B. STAIR.

Description Dec. 13, 1949 ANDERSON 2,491,295 PEENING HAMMER HAVING REMOVABLE STRIKING HEAD Filed Nov. 5. 1945 INVENTOR. Patented Dec. 13, 1949 UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFICE This invention relates to improvements in a peen for a hammer head and has special reference to a device applicable to a hand hammer; used in the art of repairing automobile renders or the likelin' restoring the normal appea'rance' or the surface of a previously dented, bent or otherwise damaged fender, or body of an automobile. It is well known that whensuch force is applied either hymns or otherwise to deranged th n. me a s e s. c -.a$..au bi n c it becomes very hard to bring the surface of the metal back to normalcy without leaving an impression thereupon of the face of the tool employed. V In other words, it is very'ha'rd in many 1nstance's' to judge correctly thec'ontour of the surface being engaged by the face'of the hammer to avoid such defacement; and to overcome this problem is the principal object of the present invention. Another object is to so shape the co-operative parts of the peen of such a hammer that they will most readily function to hold the jointed parts thereof in close ideal working position at all times as well as more readily assume normal axial relation of the face of the peen to the head of the hammer. Other objects and advantages will appear during the further description of the embodiment here illustrated. Referring now to the accompanying drawing forming part of this application: Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of one type of hand hammer head with one of the improved peens shown in vertical section upon one terminus of said head, and Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view on the line 2-2 Fig. 1. In the drawing, l represents the head of the hammer comprising the two opposed axially aligned shank- like portions 2 and 3. The shank 3 adjacent its extreme end is preferably reduced in diameter somewhat as at 4 and the extreme end is enlarged and of semispherical shape as at 5 with its greatest diametrical dimension somewhat more than that of the reduced adjacent shank portion 4 to provide the flat stepped ledge or annulus 5 as a seat for the smaller end of the conical expansive spring I. Now the peen proper comprises the cylindrical hollow body portion 8 with the spring chamber 9 therein and the circular head portion l [l preferably somewhat larger in diameter than the body portion and terminating in the slightly convexed 2- face II. The head It has formed therein a central semi-spherical seat for rockable reception of thesemi spherical terminus 5 of the hammer head. This seat is' of somewhat less depth than the't'erminus 5 in order to insure a free stepped seat'abdut the shank portion 4 for the spring l than the terminal member 5 so as to allow free passage th'erethroligh of the latter, thus there is formed the'circu'lai' ied elsebove the entrance to the chamber and therein for'suitable impingement for the larger extremity of the spring 1 in its constant action of keeping the een in ideal working contact with the shank of the hammer head. The spring I is of a size and strength to be readilyslipped over the enlarged terminus 5 of the hammer head shank, then contracted sufficiently and tucked into the chamber 9 through the entrance I 2 until it readily assumes its proper functioning position as shown. As convenience in removal of the spring I when occasion arises for such, there is provided the cut or slot I3 which extends diametrically across the open end of the peen and through the spring ledge I5 most clearly seen in Fig. 2 of the drawing and through either extremity of which the largest upper coil of the spring is accessible as by a small pointed instrument such as a small file shank or the like for compressing the spring and working it upwardly out of the chamber 9 simultaneously with the terminal 5 of the hammer shank. The inner end M of each terminal portion of the slot I3 is slightly flared to obviate the possibility of same being restricted by repeated engagement with the shank portion 4 during the hammering process material in actual practice. From the foregoing it is apparent that the paramount feature is that of keeping the workengaging portion of the peen in constant frictional, but yieldable rockable engagement with the shank portion of the hammer head during the hammering process and which provision has proved material in actual practice. Another notable feature in this type of peen when in actual use is the fact that at every retraction of the hammer head from a blow which had made the peen function at all out of its normal axial alignment, it would immediately reassume such a normal alignment for a subsequent blow. which obviously is essential to the success of the tool. Applicant has determined that the spring being of conical shape has a much greater tendency to maintain the peen in its proper normal axial alinement with the hammer shank, than a plain coil spring. What I claim is: 1. A new article of manufacture: a hammer head including a cylindrical shank portion, a portion of said shank adjacent one end thereof being of reduced diameter, the end surface of said end of the shank being semi-spherical and of a diameter greater than said portion of reduced diameter to provide an annular spring seat at the juncture of said semi-spherical portion with said portion of reduced diameter, a hollow one piece peen on said end portion and having a substantially semi-spherical recess formed in the inside surface of one end of said peen to rockably receive said semi-spherical end of the shank, the outside surface of said end of the peen forming a slightly curved peening surface, the opposite end of said peen having an opening forming an entrance portion to the chamber of said peen, said opening being substantially in axial alinement with said recess and of reduced size to the transverse dimension of said chamber but of a size to freely admit the end of said shank whereby a spring engaging seat is provided about said entrance, a conical expansive spring within said chamber and about said shank and with its smaller terminus impinging said spring seat on said shank and the opposite terminus impinging said spring seat on the peen to bias said peen and hammer head towards each other, and a diametrically disposed slot through the open end of said peen for convenience in removing said spring. 2. A hammer head including a cylindrical shank portion formed integral therewith, a portion of said shank adjacent one end thereof being of reduced diameter, the end surface of said end of the shank being semi-spherical and of greater diameter than said portion of reduced diameter providing an annular spring seat at the juncture of said semi-spherical portion with said portion of reduced diameter, a one-piece hollow peen on said end portion and having a semi-spherically shaped recess formed in the inside surface of one end of said peen to rockably receive said semispherical end of the shank, the opposite end of said peen having an opening forming an entrance to the chamber of said peen, said opening being substantially in alinement with said recess and of reduced size to the transverse dimension of said chamber but of a size to freely admit the end of said shank so that a spring seat is formed about said entrance, a conical expansive spring about said shank within said peen and having its smaller end engaging said spring seat on said shank and its larger end engaging said spring seat about said entrance on said peen to bias said peen and shank in engagement and normally in axial alinement, and a transverse diametrical slot through said opposite end of said peen for more convenient access to said spring to remove same from Within said hollow peen when required. NORMAN ANDERSON. REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 217,546 Murdock July 15, 1879 1,104,564 Snyder July 21, 1914 1,284,446 Potts Nov. 12, 1918 2,198,764 Edwards Apr. 30, 1940

Description June 9, 1942. w. R. ATWOOD 2,285,386 SHEET METAL WORKING TOOL Filed Dec. 5, 1940 Patented June 9, 1942 UNHTED STATES FATENT OFFICE SHEET METAL WORKING TOOL Wilmerth R. Atwood, Odessa, Tex. Application December 5, 1940, Seriail No. 368,717 4 Claims. This invention relates to an improved sheet metal working tool and moreparticularly to a tool for use in vehicle body work. It is a primary aim of the invention to provide a tool provided with a detachable cutting member having oppositely projecting cutting edges for cutting sheet metal on the outer or inner .panels of vehicle bodies or other portions thereof. Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter become more fully apparent from the following description of the drawing, which illustrates a preferred embodiment thereof, and wherein: Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the tool, Figure 2 is a similar view, on an enlarged scale, of one end of the same, Figure 3 is a fragmentary top plan view of the headed end of the tool, Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view taken substantially along the plane of the line 4-4 of Figure 3, and Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially along the plane of the line 5-5 of Figure 2. Referring more particularly to the drawing, wherein like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the different views, I0 designates generally the improved sheet metal working tool which includes an elongated shank II provided with a handle I2 mounted thereon and adjacent one end thereof with a portion of the shank II projecting beyond the outer end of the handle I2, as seen in Figure l. The opposite end of the shank II is curved upwardly and tapered to form :a head I3 having a restricted end I4. The outer side of the head I3 and the adjacent portion of the shank I I combine to form a rounded portion I5 which is curved both longitudinally and transversely of the tool ID. The shank II, adjacent the curved head I3, is provided with a longitudinally and perpendicularly disposed slot I6 extending therethrough for receiving the shank portion I! of a cutting member, designated generally I8. The shank II is provided with internally threaded recesses I9 extending inwardly and transversely thereof from one side of the shank through and beyond the slot I6, and the shank portion I1 is provided with openings '20 arranged to aline with the recesses I9 when the shank portion I1 is correctly positioned in the slot I6, as best seen in Figure 5. The registering recesses and openings I9 and 20, respectively, are adapted to receive the threaded screws 2| for detachably securing the shank IT in the slot I6. The screws 2| are adapted to be countersunk in the recesses I 9 and are provided with outwardly opening polygonal shaped sockets 22 for receiving the polygonal shaped end of a turning tool, not shown, for applying and removing said fastenings. The shank II is provided with rivets 23 extending transversely and horizontally therethrough and partially disposed in the ends of the slots I9 for engaging notches 24 in the ends of the shank portion IT, as best seen in Figure 4. The shank portion I! is inserted into and removed from the slot I6 through its under side and in inserting the shank portion I! the notches 24 will engage the rivets 23 for limiting the inward movement of the shank portion II relatively to the slot I6 and for correctly alining the openings 20 with the recesses I9. The rivets 23 will also prevent any upward or lengthwise movement of the shank portion I'I relatively to the slot I6 While the fastenings 2I are applied to prevent the shank portion I! from bearing against the threads of the fastenings 2I and possibly damaging the threads when the cutting member I8 is being used, as will hereinafter become apparent. The shank portion I! is provided with an integral blade 25 at its forward end and adjacent the curved head I3 which projects outwardly from the under side of the forward end of the slot I6 and from the curved surf-ace I5. The blade 25 is provided with curved, outwardly projecting and outwardly diverging cutting edges 26 and. 21 at the ends thereof and the shank portion I1 is provided with cut-out portions which combine with portions of the slot I6 to form recesses 28 at the inner ends of the cutting edges 26 and 21. With the cutting member I8 removed,'the tool I0 may be held by the handle I2 and the head thereof employed fordriving or prying a vehicle body back to alinem'ent or the end I4 can be used for hammering or prying out low places in a portion of a vehicle body to be straightened. The rounded surface I5 may be employed for hammering out dents or may be used as an anvil or spoon by being placed under the surface to be straightened while the opposite side of the surface is hammered with a body hammer. The tool I0 may also be used for cutting portions of a metal body by grasping the handle I2 and placing the cutting edge 21 against the portion of the metal to be cut and striking the outer side of the head I3 with a hammer. The cutting edge 26 may be similarly employed by striking the exposed end of the shank II, as seen in Figure 1, which extends beyond the handle l2 with a hammer or other impact tool. The recesses 28 are provided to receive the fine particles of metal or shavings caused by the cutting and which are directed inwardly or toward the shank II. The cutting edges 26 and 21 are curved to diverge outwardly relatively to one another so that the metal to be out will be directed toward the inner ends of the cutting edges and toward the shank I l to prevent the cutting edges from slipping out of engagement with the work while the tool is being used for cutting. Various modifications and changes in the construction and arrangement of the parts forming the tool are contemplated and may obviously be resorted to as only a preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed. I claim as my invention: 1. A tool of the character described comprising an elongated shank provided with a curved, tapered end forming the tool head, the outer side of said curved end being rounded, said shank, said cutting edge being bowed inwardly and being curved to extend outwardly and toward the tool head. 2. A sheet metal working tool comprising an elongated shank provided with a handle, adjacent one end thereof, the opposite end of said shank terminating in a curved, tapered head, said shank being provided with a longitudinal slot adjacent said headed end, and a cutting member having a shank portion disposed in said slot and detachably connected to the shank, said cutting member including a blade projecting outwardly from the shank portion and having an inwardly bowed cutting edge facing away from the handle and extending into the outer side of the head. 3. A sheet metal working tool having an elongated shank, substantially circular in cross section, provided with a handle at one end and a longitudinal slot near its opposite end, and a cutter secured in the slot and having a blade projecting outwardly therefrom, said blade having a curved, inwardly bowed cutting edge extending outwardly from the tool shank, said edge being disposed to face toward the handle, the end of the tool shank, adjacent the blade, being curved in a direction away from the blade to provide an anvil portion adapted to be struck by an impact tool for forcing the cutting edge through metal to be cut thereby. 4. A sheet metal working tool having an elongated shank, substantially circular in cross section, provided with a handle at one end and a longitudinal slot near its opposite end, and a cutter secured in the slot and having a blade projecting outwardly therefrom, said blade having a curved, inwardly bowed cutting edge extending outwardly from the tool shank, said cutting edge being disposed to face away from the handle, the last mentioned end of the tool shank being curved away from the cutting edge, and said cutting edge being disposed to extend through the outer side of said curved end. WILMERTH R. A' IWOOD.