Bl firstkhao 1 o eclipse

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BL - Firstkhao 1 - O Eclipse

The eclipse | the eclipse icon | the eclipse the series | the eclipse the series | Ayan | Ayan icon | Khaotung Thanawat | khao
BL - Firstkhao 1 - O Eclipse
TJ's - OME 2.5 on 33's w or w/o 1 bl

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Send me pics of your Tj's with OME 2.5" lift on 33's with or without a 1"BL Thanks all !!:highfive:
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firstkhao

FirstKhao ♡

firstkhao akkayan the eclipse gmmtv akk ayan bl boyslove thai thailand
The Eclipse Ayan meme

Drama

The Eclipse [Thai BL, GMMTV] #theeclipse #theeclipsetheseries #ayan #akk #first #khaotung #ayanakk #akkayan #firstkhao #tumblr #thaibl #gmmtv
firstkhao icon

𝙛𝙞𝙧𝙨𝙩𝙠𝙝𝙖𝙤

thanawat / first kanaphan / BL / icon / only friends / the eclipse/ gmmtv / boys love / sand / yok / firstkhao / khaotung / ray / gmmtv series
Stive Morgan - Eclipse Of The Moon (Альбом 2017

Музыка

Stive Morgan - Eclipse Of The Moon (Альбом 2017)01 Solar Wind part 1 ( 00:00 )02 Solar Wind part 2 ( 03:52 )03 Eclipse Of The Moon ( 09:07 )04 Child O...
Codillo al horno con patatas y cebolla

Cerdo

Ingredientes 4 personas: 3 codillos de cerdo 2 patatas grandes 1 cabeza de ajos I cebolla grande 1 copa de coñac o brandy 100 ml de vino bl...
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Creo

Page 2 Read あ; d o u 1/4 🍁 from the story ✧; || - Random. ❜ sasunaru by dvillq (⠀) with 40,420 reads. bl, random, imagenes.
PERSIMMON 🇬🇧 1893 (ST. SIMON - PERDITA BY HAMPTON)#Persimmon B/O HRH Prince of Wales 🇬🇧 1893 T

Horses

PERSIMMON 🇬🇧 1893 (ST. SIMON - PERDITA BY HAMPTON)#Persimmon B/O HRH Prince of Wales 🇬🇧 1893 T/ Richard Marsch 9-7-1-1---£34,706 Champion 3yo colt, champion older horse Coventry S, Richmond S, Epsom Derby, St Leger S, Jockey Club S, Eclipse S, Ascot Gold Cup. 2nd Princess of Wales S. 3rd Middle Park S. Leading Sire in UK🇬🇧 & Ireland🇮🇪, Stood at Sandringham Stud, Prince Palatine, Your Majesty, Sceptre, Keystone II, Comedy King, Parola, Zinfandel. Died Feb 18, 1908
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NYC Urgent Cats - ***Adopted/rescued*** Manhattan Center My name is ECLIPSE. My Animal ID # is A0996616. I am a female tortie domestic sh mix. The shelter thinks I am about 1 YEAR I came in the shelter as a STRAY on 04/14/2014 from NY 10469, owner surrender reason stated was STRAY. MOST RECENT MEDICAL INFORMATION AND WEIGHT 04/23/2014 Exam Type VACCINATE - Medical Rating is 3 NC - MAJOR CONDITIONS NOT CONTAGIOUS, Behavior Rating is NONE, Weight 6.3 LBS. Combo test Negative 04/14/2014 PET PROFILE MEMO CAT INFORMATION SHEET Where did this cat come from? Stray – Outside If this cat is a stray, did you bring him in a: Bag ORIGINAL SOURCE Found as a Stray Does this cat have a microchip? No Animal’s Name: Eclipse WHY ARE YOU BRINGING THIS CAT IN? Stray RELATIONSHIP It’s the first time I’ve seen him PEOPLE Is as stray – is friendly with most people Is a stray – is friendly with people who feed him OTHER ANIMALS Lives outside and is always alone PERSONALITY Is a stray and seems scared HABITS Eats both Always uses the litter box Does this cat have any medical problems that you’re aware of? If yes, please provide as much detail as possible. No WEB MEMO No Web Memo 04/17/2014 BEHAVIOR EVALUATION - EXPNOCHILD Exam Type BEHAVIOR Reaction to assessor: Eclipse does not pproach the front but looks tense in her cage. Reaction to door opening: Eclipse remains immobile, crouched down at the back of her cage, lip licks. Reaction to touch: Eclipse allows the stroke, but shows no interest, and remains motionless. Placement determination: Experience/no child Eclipse tolerates attention and petting but may be fearful in the shelter, and may be intimidated by small children. Due to the behaviors seen in the care center, we feel that this cat will do best in a calm, quiet home with experienced cat parents and without children. 04/14/2014 INITIAL PHYSICAL EXAM Medical rating was 1 - NORMAL , behavior rating was NONE SCAN NEGATIVE BRIGHT, ALERT, RESPONSIVE, HYDRATED PHYSICAL EXAM Clean teeth Female Very tense and scared, actively resisted being examined nosf 04/23/2014 RE-EXAM (LAST MAJOR EXAM) Medical rating 3 NC - MAJOR CONDITIONS NOT CONTAGIOUS, TPR: T: 103.9 HY 200 RR 36 Appearance: QAR Severe dehydration Integument: Appropriate hair coat, normal nails, EENT: OU clear, AU clean, large green nasal d/c, nasal congestion Oral cavity: MM pink, CRT <2sec, Healthy dentition, PLN: WNL H/L: No murmur or arrhythmias, Lungs mild congested ABD: Soft non painful, U/G: Female intact M/S: Amb x 4 BCS: 5/9 Neuro: NSF Dxtics: BG 137mg/dl Azosticx: 30-40mg/dl PCV 30% TS 8.0 mg/dl, Combo test Negative A: Severe dehydration Nasal d/c, nasal congestion, congestion lungs r/o Pneumonia Hyperthermia 103.9 P: IVC IVF @ 15ml/hr Penicillin 0.6ml IV BID 10 days

***Adopted/rescued*** Manhattan Center My name is ECLIPSE. My Animal ID # is A0996616. I am a female tortie domestic sh mix. The shelter thinks I am...
23-24 PSG BL Camisa Branca Equipa de Futebol Masculino

Breno

Compre 23-24 PSG BL Camisa Branca Equipa de Futebol Masculino na Shopee Brasil! Descrição do produto em Inglês após Português Q: Posso colocar o meu nome e número sobre as camisas? R: Sim, selecione a opção de [nome e números personalizados �� e entre em contato com o vendedor para informar o número e o nome a serem carimbados ou deixe um comentário sobre o número do nome em [Mensagem �� quando você fizer um pedido. Sem essa informação, nós lhe enviaremos a camisa sem nome e número! -Obrigado a você! -Obrigado! Composição: 100% poliéster Tamanho (padrão europeu) S = P: Comprimento 70cm Peito 100cm Altura 165-170cm Peso 50-60kg M = M: Comprimento 73cm Peito 104cm Altura 170-175cm Peso 60-70kg L = G: Comprimento 75cm Peito 108cm Altura 175-180cm Peso 70-80kg XL = GG: Comprimento 77cm Peito 112cm Altura 175-185cm Peso 80-90kg XXL = 2GG: Comprimento 79cm Peito 116cm Altura 175-190cm Peso 90-95kg 3XL = 3GG: Comprimento 81cm Peito 120cm Altura 175-200cm Peso 100-105kg 4XL = 4GG: Comprimento 83cm Peito 124cm Altura 175-205cm Peso 100-115kg Pode haver tolerância de 1 a 2 cm devido à medição artificial. Ecrã Q: Posso colocar o meu nome & número sobre as camisas? R: Sim, selecione a opção [número do nome personalizado �� e entre em contato com o vendedor para informar o número e o nome a serem impressos ou deixe comentários sobre o número em [Mensagem] ao fazer um pedido. Tamanho (Europa padrão) S = P: Comprimento 70cm Peito 100cm Altura 165-170cm peso 50-60kg M = M: Comprimento 73cm Peito 104cm Altura 170-175cm Peso 60-70kg L = G: Comprimento 75cm Peito 108cm Altura 175-180cm Peso 70-80kg XL = GG: Comprimento 77cm Peito 112cm Altura 175-185cm Peso 80-90kg XXL = 2GG: Comprimento 79cm Peito 116cm Altura 175-190cm Peso 90-95kg 3XL = 3GG: Comprimento 81cm Peito 120cm Altura 175-200cm Peso 100-105kg 4XL = 4GG: Comprimento 83cm Peito 124cm Altura 175-205cm Peso 100-115kg Pode haver 1-2cm de tolerância por causa da medição artificial.
Uma Comédia ao Crepúsculo

Salvamentos rápidos

Ou eu deveria dizer, o espetáculo do absurdo? Não dá pra falar sério sobre isso, gente, é rir pra não chorar! Sabem por que eu defendo tanto os livros? Porque geralmente, nos livros, as histórias fazem mais sentido. Com Crepúsculo não é diferente. Mas, devo admitir que, dos primeiros filmes da saga, Crepúsculo é o mais bem feito, apesar de alguns evidentes absurdos, como vamos conferir. Mas, primeiro, vamos sintetizar um pouco a novela que todo mundo já conhece: Bella se muda para Forks, uma cidadezinha no interior do estado de Washington – noroeste dos Estados Unidos, muito longe da capital Washington D.C., que fica na costa leste –, uma cidade sombria e gelada, que vive sob constantes nuvens de chuva, onde vai morar com o pai, o chefe de polícia Charlie Swan, para que sua mãe possa curtir o novo casamento em paz. Logo em seu primeiro dia na escola, Bella conhece o misterioso Edward Cullen, que, a princípio, tenta evitá-la a qualquer custo, fazendo-a suspeitar, inclusive, que seu cabelo esteja fedendo. Mas após breve relutância, decide se aproximar e conferir se “o gosto dela é tão bom quanto o cheiro”. E a primeira vez que Bella suspeita que há alguma coisa estranha com o rapaz é quando ele atravessa o estacionamento da escola em um milésimo de segundo, a tempo de evitar que ela seja esmagada por uma van descontrolada dirigida por outro aluno maluco. E depois de fazer uma breve pesquisa na internet e somar com as evidências que já possuía – o fato de ele ser muito rápido, seus olhos mudarem de cor, e ele ser pálido como uma geleira –, Bella chega à conclusão de que ele só pode ser um vampiro! E é aqui que os absurdos passam a ter lugar nessa estranha comédia romântica. Absurdo N°1: Ela é humana, ele é vampiro... Ou como a própria Bella colocou (nos livros), ele é Capricórnio e ela é Virgem. Sim, porque, no filme, ela não questionou nem por um segundo a espécie dele. Parecia não ter nenhuma dúvida sobre o mundo dos vampiros; ela simplesmente o aceitou, sem fazer nenhuma pergunta! Ele DEFINITIVAMENTE ERA seu príncipe encantado, mesmo que ela fosse a Bela, e ele fosse a Fera. E é claro que nós sabemos muito bem por quê: se ele tivesse a cara do Bela Lugosi (o Drácula original) eu aposto que ela não reagiria tão bem assim... Absurdo N° 2: A garota se enfia no meio do mato com um vampiro, apenas os dois, sem que ninguém soubesse onde ou com quem ela estava, para contar que sabe o que ele é... Pausa para entender a lógica da personagem... Não existe! Isso é, no mínimo, uma intenção suicida! Até porque, neste momento ela ainda não sabia que ele não atacava humanos – e olha que [SPOILER!] ele chegou a considerar profundamente esta ideia, e quase teve o apoio da família inteira (desculpem, isso não está no filme. Está no livro “O Sol da Meia Noite”, a história de Crepúsculo contada do ponto de vista do Edward, que a autora gentilmente disponibilizou – pela metade! – para os fãs na internet). Absurdo N° 3: Bella e Edward estão no quarto dele, dançando ao som de Claire de Lune (momento romântico!); saltam a janela, sobem no alto do pinheiro, ele lhe mostra as belezas que existem no seu mundo... Em seguida eles reaparecem na sala da casa dele, e ela fica toda abobalhada vendo-o tocar piano... E ninguém se toca que não é mais Claire de Lune... Olha só que coisa louca: tocaram mais ou menos meio minuto de Claire de Lune, fizeram uma emenda com outra música – contextualizando com o livro, uma música que o Edward teria composto para Bella –, e na verdade, não existe explicação sobre onde termina uma e começa a outra. Claro, como esta geração não tem o hábito de ouvir música clássica (quem é Debussy mesmo? Risos), vai saber quanto tempo levou para alguém perceber a emenda, já que no filme ninguém mudou de assunto. Mais um momento não explicado by Catherine Hardwicke (a diretora). Ok, acontece... Absurdo N° 4: Edward leva Bella para apitar uma partida de beisebol com sua família. A garota fica toda entusiasmada com o jogo mais quente da temporada, até a partida ser interrompida por três visitantes indesejáveis: um vampiro bonitão com instinto de caçador aguçado, uma vampira ruiva que pensa estar desfilando na Fashion Week, e um vampiro que parece ter sido inspirado no Will.I.Am. Até aqui, tudo bem... Mas ao perceber que não vão conseguir se livrar deles só na conversa, e consentirem que os visitantes participem do jogo, os Cullen voltam para o campo, enquanto Edward tenta sair de fininho com sua namorada humana, até que um pé de vento pega no cabelo dela, levando seu cheiro suculento de McLanche Feliz humano diretamente para as narinas apuradas do vampiro caçador. Aí, danou-se! Os três recém-chegados se voltam rosnando, loucos para dividir o jantar, e os Cullen dão a entender que cabularam todas as aulas de matemática nos últimos cem anos, ao não perceber que sua vantagem numérica poderia ter dado fim ao problema ali mesmo, no campo de beisebol improvisado! Absurdo N° 5: Edward e Bella simulam uma briga, para que ela tenha motivo para sair de casa sem ser detida por Charlie, e para que os vampiros forasteiros sigam seu rastro em vez de procurar encrenca com o chefe de polícia. E depois de Rosalie e Esme deixarem um rastro falso de Bella na floresta, Alice e Jasper levam a nova cunhadinha para Phoenix, onde ela morava antes com a mãe. Daí, James, que aparentemente tem séculos de experiência nesse tipo de caçada, consegue encontrar seu paradeiro, enrola Bella com uma gravação de sua mãe desesperada, manda ela ir sozinha para morrer no estúdio de balé... e ela vai!!! Possíveis reações sobre esta cena: - Quanta nobreza, se sacrificar para salvar a mãe... (mocinha de novela mexicana) - Corajosa! Foi enfrentar o vampiro, mesmo sabendo que não tinha chance nenhuma... (quem dera...) - Foi morrer como uma heroína... (me poupe!) Reação apropriada: QUE GAROTA BURRA! Pensa comigo: Só o Edward, dentre todos os vampiros do filme, tem a capacidade de ouvir pensamentos. Por mais que James sentisse o cheiro dos Cullen, ou qualquer coisa do tipo, não seria mais lógico contar à Alice e ao Jasper o que estava acontecendo, para que eles ficassem de tocaia? Dois contra um, por mais forte que o James fosse, ficaria mais difícil para ele, não é? Até porque, é a Alice quem arranca a cabeça dele, no fim das contas – sem que ele lute ou mostre resistência, diga-se de passagem. Tudo bem, este absurdo veio do livro. Eu nunca disse que os livros eram perfeitos. Pelo menos existe um contexto para tornar os fatos mais interessantes. E como Edward é mais rápido que o resto de sua família – incluindo Alice e Jasper que já estavam na cidade –, ele chega primeiro ao estúdio de balé, a tempo de evitar que James – que passou algum tempo torturando Bella, apenas para se divertir – transforme sua namorada em refeição. Mas, como ela já tinha sido mordida pelo vampiro, Bella fica no chão, estrebuchando, enquanto Edward luta com o malvado, até a chegada de sua família, incluindo o Dr. Carlisle Cullen, o único que não dá a mínima para o sangue da moça, e que rapidamente se dispõe a tratar de seus ferimentos. No entanto, como não quer se ver envolvido no namoro do filho adotivo, nem privá-lo do direito de saborear o sangue de Bella pelo menos uma vez, Carlisle cede ao Edward a honra – e a escolha – de salvá-la, chupando o veneno de sua corrente sanguínea – ou deixá-la morrer e se tornar vampira, o que certamente teria prevenido muitos problemas futuros, convenhamos... Mas, como se divertiu à beça tirando a mocinha das garras do belo vampiro perverso, Edward decide mantê-la humana para atrair mais confusão, se predispondo aos mais variados acidentes de percurso que essa garota atrapalhada consegue provocar, e poder se livrar dela mais facilmente quando se cansar de sua imbecilidade, e finalmente experimenta uma dose de sua bebida favorita diretamente na veia dela, em vez de permitir que continuasse estrebuchando com o veneno – na única cena que fez valer a pena aturar as duas horas dessa bodega! Absurdo N° 6: Os Cullen levam os pais da Bella no bico com a história de que ela se machucou quando caiu da escada do hotel e atravessou uma vidraça, e só colou porque isso é bem a cara dela... Não sei o resto do mundo, mas se fosse minha filha, com tanta violência por aí, ainda mais o Charlie sendo chefe de polícia, eu teria investigado melhor essa história... Então, nos encaminhamos para a cena final do filme, onde Edward leva Bella – com um All Star num pé e uma bota ortopédica no outro – ao baile da escola, onde ela renova seu pedido para ser transformada em vampira – provavelmente prevendo os inúmeros problemas que isso poderia evitar –, mas ele novamente recusa, fazendo-a prometer que vai ter uma vida longa e feliz ao seu lado, ao que ela deixa claro que não vai se dar por vencida assim tão fácil. Ok, até que esse final água com açúcar foi bem bonitinho. Agora, deixando de lado os absurdos, algumas observações que vale a pena considerar: 1- A sátira de Crepúsculo Os Vampiros Que Se Mordam foi a única fonte cinematográfica que mostrou porque o Edward gostava tanto de ver a Bella dormindo: ela falava um bocado enquanto dormia, e já que não conseguia ouvir os pensamentos dela, era melhor do que nada... 2- Escolheram os atores errados para a maioria dos papeis. (Pessoas me xingando em 3...2...1...) Melhor não estender o assunto, mas uma das piores escolhas foi a própria Kristen Stewart. Desculpa, mas eu ainda não entendi de onde ela tirou que para mostrar timidez tem que fazer cara de nojenta o tempo todo! E será que só eu percebi que em quase todas as falas, primeiro ela engasga, depois diz o texto? 3- Só tem uma coisa pior que o elenco do filme: o elenco de dublagem! E parece que quem fez a escalação não leu o livro. Existe uma razão para a Alice original ter uma voz tão fininha, aguda como um sino: no livro, o personagem é assim! Mas em português, deram a voz aguda para a Rosalie e uma voz forte para a Alice! Muito inteligentes... Por falar nela, um VIVA para a atriz mais bem escalada do elenco. Ashley Greene é a única que parece ter entendido o personagem e se esforçado para fazer direito. YPIE YPIE UHAAAA!!!! 4- Quando Edward abriu a camisa e foi para o sol, será que eu fui a única que lembrou daquele personagem extinto da Praça é Nossa que dizia “bicha não morre, bicha vira puuuuuuurpurinaaaa”? Não estou dizendo que ele é bicha, mas vamos combinar que dá para imaginar o Tutuca (o personagem da purpurina original) rindo horrores dessa cena! 5- Crepúsculo é o único filme da saga que mostra que o Jacob, na verdade, tem camisa. Pensando bem não é um ponto positivo... Esqueçam! 6- Percebam que o spoiler deixado na última cena, com a aparição da vampira ruiva Victoria espiando Bella e Edward no baile através de uma das janelas da escola, evidenciando que ela procuraria vingança, foge ao contexto da continuação: com toda a encrenca que o abandono do Edward provocou na vida da Bella, e com a iminência de salvá-lo de uma morte gratuita nas mãos dos Volturi, praticamente não sobrou espaço para se mencionar a viúva de James – exceto por um flash da vilã sendo perseguida pelos lobos na floresta – em Lua Nova. Ela só voltou a dar o ar de sua graça – e com um novo rosto – no terceiro filme, Eclipse. 7- Para finalizar, alguém tem uma teoria sobre o motivo de terem rodado esse filme com filtro verde? É para dar aparência de chuva na cidade? Anunciar que o próximo livro da autora, depois da saga, seria sobre alienígenas? Ou para combinar com o uniforme de merendeira da Bella? Deixe sua opinião nos comentários. Até Lua Nova, pessoal!
Fiches d’exercices différenciées Taoki

1 ère primaires

Retrouvez un an de fiches d'exercices pour la méthode syllabique Taoki. Ces fiches se déclinent en 3 niveaux de difficulté permettant de différencier l'apprentissage de la lecture. Elles comprennent 4 pages d'exercices portant sur la phonologie, l'encodage, la compréhension, la grammaire et le vocabulaire. Jour 1 page 1 : travail de phonologie page 2: reconnaissance visuelle et encodage Jour 2 page 3 : travail de compréhension page 4 : travail sur la grammaire et le vocabulaire A retrouver sur le blog d'Urby66 des fiches Taoki pour les élèves déjà lecteurs en début d'année. Bien d'autres outils vous attendent sur son blog ! A retrouver sur le blog d'Anne-So des diaporamas pour toutes les leçons de Taoki. Travail sur la phonologie et l'encodage sur la chaîne YouTube de Natchka Sylva Les instit-tutos de Natchka. Retrouvez toutes les fiches Taoki par période Période 1 Période 2 Période 3 Période 4 Période 5 PERIODE 1 Lettres Fiches Explications - Grammaire - Vocabulaire - Manipulation ALPHAS Déroulement Déroulement Alphas en 3 jours Avant de commencer l'étude de la lecture avec Taoki, les élèves découvrent les alphas en 3 jours.Un grand merci à Mirabelle dont j'ai repris les maisons des alphas à retrouver dans ses fiches. Jour 1 Alphas : Jour 1 a - Fiche 1Alphas : Jour 1 a - Fiche 1 Découverte du conte, compréhension de l'histoire.Découverte des alphas voyelles. Jour 2 Alphas : Jour 2 - Fiche 2 La fusée tombe ... Jour 3 Alphas : Jour 3 - Fiche 3 Les alphas se transforment.A retrouver: Mistifuriosa (Mirabelle) TAOKI a Fiche a Pdf Fiche a Pub Lotos et mistigri (memory) des lettresLogicos d'AmeliseTri et classement d'étiquettes Contribution de Céline : Tbi : a Tbi : a à la bibliothèque Tbi : a relier les noms des personnages i y Fiche i y Pdf Fiche i y Pub Vocabulaire: l'école / la maisonGrammaire: différencier lettres / signes Tbi : « i y » à la bibliothèque r Fiche r 2011 Pdf Fiche r 2011 Pub Fiche r 2017 Pdf Fiche r 2017 Pub Vocabulaire: la maisonGrammaire: entourer les mots Tbi : « r » Tbi : « r » la cuisine l Fiche l 2011 Pdf Fiche l 2011 Pub Fiche l 2017 Pdf Fiche l 2017 Pub Vocabulaire: la familleGrammaire: féminin / masculin Tbi : « l » la famille de Taoki Tbi : « l » travail sur les syllabes o Fiche o 2011 Pdf Fiche o 2011 Pub Fiche o 2017 Pdf Fiche o 2017 Pub M1 Articles et NomsF1 Les articles le, laJeux de manipulation chez ChalysEtiquettes à imprimer avec le personnage RSEEG Tbi : « o » les cowboys et les indiens é Fiche é 2011 Pdf Fiche é 2011 Pub Fiche é 2017 Pdf Fiche é 2017 Pub F2 Les articles le, la, un, uneTri d'étiquettes Tbi : « é » dans le jardin Révisions 1 Fiche de révisions 1 - 2011 Pdf Fiche de révisions 1 - 2011 Pub Fiche de révisions 1 - 2017 Pdf Fiche de révisions 1 - 2017 Pub s Fiche s 2011 Pdf Fiche s 2011 Pub Fiche s 2017 Pdf Fiche s 2017 Pub Tbi : « s » dans la rue u Fiche u 2011 Pdf Fiche u 2011 Pub Fiche u 2017 Pdf Fiche u 2017 Pub F3 Le nom Tbi : « u » dans la cour f Fiche f 2011 Pdf Fiche f 2011 Pub Fiche f 2017 Pdf Fiche f 2017 Pub e Fiche e 2011 Pdf Fiche e 2011 Pub Fiche e 2017 Pdf Fiche e 2017 Pub m Fiche m 2011 Pdf Fiche m 2011 Pub Fiche m 2017 Pdf Fiche m 2017 Pub Révisions 2 Fiche de révisions 2 - 2011 Pdf Fiche de révisions 2 - 2011 Pub Fiche de révisions 2 - 2017 Pdf Fiche de révisions 2 - 2017 Pub ch Fiche ch 2011 Pdf Fiche ch 2011 Pub Fiche ch 2017 Pdf Fiche ch 2017 Pub F4 l'article élidé n Fiche n 2011 Pdf Fiche n 2011 Pub Fiche n 2017 Pdf Fiche n 2017 Pub F4 l'article élidé è ê Fiche è ê 2011 Pdf Fiche è ê 2011 Pub Fiche è ê 2017 Pdf Fiche è ê 2017 Pub F5: articles des noms singulier et pluriel v Fiche v 2011 Pdf Fiche v 2011 Pub Fiche v 2017 Pdf Fiche v 2017 Pub Révisions 3 Fiche de révisions 3 - 2011 Pdf Fiche de révisions 3 - 2011 Pub Fiche de révisions 3 - 2017 Pdf Fiche de révisions 3 - 2017 Pub Fiche bilan Fiche bilan Période 1 pdf Merci à Maitressefo7 pour sa contribution. Evaluations Période 1 Référentiel compétences lecture Pub Voici le référentiel des compétences en lecture et grammaire pour le CP en version modifiable. Evaluations P1 exercices numérotés Pdf Evaluations P1 exercices numérotés Pub Evaluation avec les numéros d'exercices Evaluations P1 sans numérotation Pdf Evaluations P1 sans numérotation Pub Evaluation sans les numéros d'exercices pour des montages Retrouvez toutes les fiches Taoki par période PERIODE 2 Lettres Fiches Explications - Grammaire - Vocabulaire - Manipulation ou Fiche ou 2011 Pdf Fiche ou 2011 Pub Fiche ou 2017 Pdf Fiche ou 2017 Pub M1 Articles et NomsF5: articles des noms au singulier et au pluriel (suite) z Fiche z 2011 Pdf Fiche z 2011 Pub Fiche z 2017 Pdf Fiche z 2017 Pub rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr p Fiche p 2011 Pdf Fiche p 2011 Pub Fiche p 2017 Pdf Fiche p 2017 Pub F6: identifier le genre des noms au pluriel c Fiche c 2011 Pdf Fiche c 2011 Pub Fiche c 2017 Pdf Fiche c 2017 Pub b Fiche b 2011 Pdf Fiche b 2011 Pub Fiche b 2017 Pdf Fiche b 2017 Pub M2- La phraseF7: connaître la phrase Révisions 4 Fiche de révisions 4 - 2011 Pdf Fiche de révisions 4 - 2011 Pub Fiche de révisions 4 - 2017 Pdf Fiche de révisions 4 - 2017 Pub j Fiche j 2011 Pdf Fiche j 2011 Pub Fiche j 2017 Pdf Fiche j 2017 Pub g Fiche g 2011 Pdf Fiche g 2011 Pub Fiche g 2017 Pdf Fiche g 2017 Pub F8: construire une phrase d Fiche d 2011 Pdf Fiche d 2011 Pub Fiche d 2017 Pdf Fiche d 2017 Pub Nouveauté! Ajout de mots à écrire sur la page 2En EDL: un exercice portant sur la phrase et un exercice de révisions an en Fiche an en 2011 Pdf Fiche an en 2011 Pub Fiche an en 2017 Pdf Fiche an en 2017 Pub t Fiche t 2011 Pdf Fiche t 2011 Pub Fiche t 2017 Pdf Fiche t 2017 Pub h Fiche h 2011 Pdf Fiche h 2011 Pub Fiche h 2017 Pdf Fiche h 2017 Pub Changement de disposition des exercices Révisions 5 Fiche de révisions 5 - 2011 Pdf Fiche de révisions 5 - 2011 Pub Fiche de révisions 5 - 2017 Pdf Fiche de révisions 5 - 2017 Pub F9: produire des phrases Évaluations Période 2 Pas d'évaluations pour cette période, les prochaines sont prévues pour février. Retrouvez toutes les fiches Taoki par période PERIODE 3 Lettres Fiches Explications - Grammaire - Vocabulaire - Manipulation La partie compréhension passe à la page 3 L'écriture des mots passe à la page 4 La partie Grammaire va beaucoup porter sur les phrases pendant la période 3 Les digrammes in, on et oi sont proposés en 3 jours chacun, une fiche supplémentaire pourra servir d'approfondissement pour celles et ceux qui continuent en 2 jours. La progression est moins rapidement mais elle permet de ne pas finir Taoki au mois de mai... br cr - 1 Fiche br cr - 1 2011 Pdf Fiche br cr - 1 2011 Pub Fiche br cr - 1 2017 Pdf Fiche br cr - 1 2017 Pub M2- La phraseF7: connaître la phraseF8: construire une phraseRévisions des notions précédentes bl cl - 1 Fiche bl cl - 1 2011 Pdf Fiche bl cl - 1 2011 Pub Fiche bl cl - 1 2017 Pdf Fiche bl cl - 1 2017 Pub rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr in en 2 jours Fiche in en 2 jours 2011 Pdf Fiche in en 2 jours 2011 Pub Fiche in en 2 jours 2017 Pdf Fiche in en 2 jours 2017 Pub in en 3 jours Fiche in en 3 jours 2011 Pdf Fiche in en 3 jours 2011 Pub Fiche in en 3 jours 2017 Pdf Fiche in en 3 jours 2017 Pub Bonus in Fiche in supplémentaire on en 2 jours Fiche on en 2 jours 2011 Pdf Fiche on en 2 jours 2011 Pub Fiche on en 2 jours 2017 Pdf Fiche on en 2 jours 2017 Pub on en 3 jours Fiche on en 3 jours 2011 Pdf Fiche on en 3 jours 2011 Pub Fiche on en 3 jours 2017 Pdf Fiche on en 3 jours 2017 Pub Bonus on Fiche on supplémentaire Pdf Fiche on supplémentaire Pub am em im om Fiche am em im om 2011 Pdf Fiche am em im om 2011 Pub Fiche am em im om 2017 Pdf Fiche am em im om 2017 Pub oi Fiche oi 2011 Pdf Fiche oi 2011 Pub Fiche oi 2017 Pdf Fiche oi 2017 Pub Révisions 6 Fiche de révisions 6 - 2011 Pdf Fiche de révisions 6 - 2011 Pub Fiche de révisions 6 - 2017 Pdf Fiche de révisions 6 - 2017 Pub br cr - 2 Fiche br cr - 2 2011 Pdf Fiche br cr - 2 2011 Pub Fiche br cr - 2 2017 Pdf Fiche br cr - 2 2017 Pub bl cl - 2 Fiche bl cl - 2 2011 Pdf Fiche bl cl - 2 2011 Pub Fiche bl cl - 2 2017 Pdf Fiche bl cl - 2 2017 Pub au en 2 jours Fiche au en 2 jours 2011 Pdf Fiche au en 2 jours 2011 Pub Fiche au en 2 jours 2017 Pdf Fiche au en 2 jours 2017 Pub au en 3 jours Fiche au en 3 jours 2011 Pdf Fiche au en 3 jours 2011 Pub Fiche au en 3 jours 2017 Pdf Fiche au en 3 jours 2017 Pub ai ei et Fiche ai ei et 2011 Pdf Fiche ai ei et 2011 Pub Fiche ai ei et 2017 Pdf Fiche ai ei et 2017 Pub Bonus ui Fiche ui Pdf Fiche ui Pub Voici une fiche d'exercice et une fiche de lecture du soir pour la semi-consonne/voyelle ui, un son qui n'est pas abordé dans la méthode. er ez Fiche er ez 2011 Pdf Fiche er ez 2011 Pub Fiche er ez 2017 Pdf Fiche er ez 2017 Pub Evaluations Période 3 Voici les évaluations de Karinette1 (un grand merci :-) qui me les a gentiment envoyées, elle a repris les compétences des évaluations de Sanleane avec différents exercices Retrouvez toutes les fiches Taoki par période PERIODE 4 Lettres Fiches Explications - Grammaire - Vocabulaire - Manipulation Pour cette période 4, changement dans mes fiches: la partie Grammaire est supprimée pour augmenter le nombre d'exercices de compréhension, notamment ceux portant sur les pronoms. L'introduction de ces exercices se fait de manière progressive, j'ai l'intention de les faire de manière collective pour ensuite différencier. Pour les lettres g et c, les fiches sont prévues pour 3 voire 4 jours. Néanmoins la version en 2 jours en disponible. Révisions 7 Fiche de révisions 7 - 2011 Pdf Fiche de révisions 7 - 2011 Pub Fiche de révisions 7 - 2017 Pdf Fiche de révisions 7 - 2017 Pub q k ch Fiche q k ch 2011 Pdf Fiche q k ch 2011 Pub Fiche q k ch 2017 Pdf Fiche q k ch 2017 Pub M3- Les pronomsF16: il, elle ils, ellesrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr eu oeu Fiche eu oeu 2011 Pdf Fiche eu oeu 2011 Pub Fiche eu oeu 2017 Pdf Fiche eu oeu 2017 Pub gu ge en 2 jours Fiche gu ge en 2 jours 2011 Pdf Fiche gu ge en 2 jours 2011 Pub Fiche gu ge en 2 jours 2017 Pdf Fiche gu ge en 2 jours 2017 Pub Version standard en 2 jours gu ge en 4 jours Fiche gu ge en 4 jours 2011 Pdf Fiche gu ge en 4 jours 2011 Pub Fiche gu ge en 4 jours 2017 Pdf Fiche gu ge en 4 jours 2017 Pub Déroulement de la version 4 jours : jour 1 g et gu, jour 2 g et ge, jour 3 g gu ge et jour 4 partie compréhension ain ein aim Fiche ain ein aim 2011 Pdf Fiche ain ein aim 2011 Pub Fiche ain ein aim 2017 Pdf Fiche ain ein aim 2017 Pub eau Fiche eau 2011 Pdf Fiche eau 2011 Pub Fiche eau 2017 Pdf Fiche eau 2017 Pub oin Fiche oin 2011 Pdf Fiche oin 2011 Pub Fiche oin 2017 Pdf Fiche oin 2017 Pub Changement des exercices de phonologie pour la fiche oin car il y a peu de mots (pour des CP) contenant ce son! Révisions 8 Fiche de révisions 8 - 2011 Pdf Fiche de révisions 8 - 2011 Pub Fiche de révisions 8 - 2017 Pdf Fiche de révisions 8 - 2017 Pub s=z Fiche s=z 2011 Pdf Fiche s=z 2011 Pub Fiche s=z 2017 Pdf Fiche s=z 2017 Pub ph=f Fiche ph=f 2011 Pdf Fiche ph=f 2011 Pub Fiche ph=f 2017 Pdf Fiche ph=f 2017 Pub ci ce ç Fiche ci ce ç 2011 Pdf Fiche ci ce ç 2011 Pub Fiche ci ce ç 2017 Pdf Fiche ci ce ç 2017 Pub e=è Fiche e=è 2011 Pdf Fiche e=è 2011 Pub Fiche e=è 2017 Pdf Fiche e=è 2017 Pub Evaluations Période 4 Pas d'évaluations pour la Période 4 ! Retrouvez toutes les fiches Taoki par période PERIODE 5 Lettres Fiches Explications - Grammaire - Vocabulaire - Manipulation gn Fiche gn 2011 Pdf Fiche gn 2011 Pub Fiche gn 2017 Pdf Fiche gn 2017 Pub ill y Fiche ill y 2011 Pdf Fiche ill y 2011 Pub Fiche ill y 2017 Pdf Fiche ill y 2017 Pub rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr révisions 9 Fiche de révisions 9 - 2011 Pdf Fiche de révisions 9 - 2011 Pub Fiche de révisions 9 - 2017 Pdf Fiche de révisions 9 - 2017 Pub ail eil Fiche ail eil 2011 Pdf Fiche ail eil 2011 Pub Fiche ail eil 2017 Pdf Fiche ail eil 2017 Pub euil Fiche euil 2011 Pdf Fiche euil 2011 Pub Fiche euil 2017 Pdf Fiche euil 2017 Pub M4- Le verbeF17 et F18: Identifier un verbe Bonus révisions ill ail eil Fiche bonus ill ail eil Pdf Fiche bonus ill ail eil Pub ian ien ieu ion Fiche ian ien ieu ion 2011 Pdf Fiche ian ien ieu ion 2011 Pub Fiche ian ien ieu ion 2017 Pdf Fiche ian ien ieu ion 2017 Pub Bonus ian ien ieu ion ier Fiche bonus ian ien ieu ion 2011 Pdf Fiche bonus ian ien ieu ion 2011 Pub Fiche bonus ian ien ieu ion 2017 Pdf Fiche bonus ian ien ieu ion 2017 Pub Version alternative de la leçon ian ien ieu ion, rajout de ier Révisions 8 Fiche révisions 8 Pdf Fiche révisions 8 Pub ti=si Fiche ti=si 2011 Pdf Fiche ti=si 2011 Pub Fiche ti=si 2017 Pdf Fiche ti=si 2017 Pub x Fiche x 2011 Pdf Fiche x 2011 Pub Fiche x 2017 Pdf Fiche x 2017 Pub Fiche révisions 10 Fiche de révisions 10 - 2011 Pdf Fiche de révisions 10 - 2011 Pub Fiche de révisions 10 - 2017 Pdf Fiche de révisions 10 - 2017 Pub Bonus y ay oy uy Fiche bonus y ay oy uy Pdf Fiche bonus y ay oy uy Pub Fiche de révisions pour revoir les graphies contenant la lettre y Bonus révisions g gu Fiche bonus g gu Pdf Fiche bonus g gu Pub Fiche de révisions pour revoir les valeurs de la lettre g Evaluations Période 5 Pas d'évaluation pour cette période ! Retrouvez toutes les fiches Taoki par période
Ruling on offering Tahiyyat-ul-Masjid at forbidden times

Fatawa as-Salafiyyah

تصفح برقم المجلد > Volume 11 > The Book of Salah: Section Two > Supererogatory Salah > Ruling on offering Tahiyyat-ul-Masjid at forbidden times Ruling on offering Tahiyyat-ul-Masjid at forbidden times [8] Q: If a person enters the Masjid (mosque) before the Adhan (call to Prayer) of Maghrib (Sunset) Prayer, is it permissible to offer Tahiyyat-ul-Masjid (two-unit Prayer to salute the mosque) or should they sit down? Please, advise. A: There are five times during which it is not permissible to offer supererogatory Salah (Prayer). These forbidden times are as follows: (1) From the break of Fajr (Dawn) until sunrise, (2) immediately after sunrise until it has risen to the length of a spear, (3) the time when the sun is straight overhead before noon until it passes its zenith, (4) the time after ‘Asr (Afternoon) Prayer until the sun is about to set, (5) and the time of sunset until it has set.(Part No. 11; Page No. 287) According to the more correct of the two opinions maintained by scholars, there is nothing wrong with performing occasional Salahs offered for specific reasons during the times when it is not permissible to offer supererogatory Salah. Accordingly, the person who enters the Masjid after ‘Asr or Fajr is recommended to offer Tahiyyat-ul-Masjid, before sitting down. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: When anyone of you enters the Masjid, they should not sit down until they pray two Rak‘ahs. [1] (Agreed upon by Al-Bukhari and Muslim). Similarly, this applies to the two Rak‘ahs of Tawaf (two-unit-Prayer performed after circumambulating the Ka‘bah). A person may offer this Salah upon circumambulating the Ka‘bah, whether it is after ‘Asr, Fajr, or at any time, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: O Banu ‘Abd Manaf, do not prevent anyone from circumambulating this House (Ka‘bah) and praying there at any time they want, night or day. [2] (Related by Imam Ahmad and Ahl-ul-Sunan [Al-Tirmidhy, Al-Nasa’y, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah] and ranked as Sahih [authentic] by Al-Tirmidhy and Ibn Hibban). This is also true with Salat-ul-Kusuf (Prayer at the time of a solar eclipse). If the solar eclipse occurs after ‘Asr, the Sunnah (action following the teachings of the Prophet) is to offer this Salah, according to the more correct of the two opinions maintained by scholars. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The sun and moon are two of the Signs of Allah; they are not eclipsed because of the death or life (i.e. birth) of anyone. So, when you see them, you should invoke Allah and pray until it is over. [3] (Agreed upon by Al-Bukhari and Muslim). (Part No. 11; Page No. 288) According to another narration related by Al-Bukhari: "until it is clear." [9] Q: Offering Tahiyyat-ul-Masjid at the times when it is not permissible to offer supererogatory Salah is very controversial. Some scholars are of the view that it is impermissible to offer it when the sun rises or sets. The opposite opinion is that since this is one of the Salahs done for a specific reason which do not have fixed times, it is permissible to offer it during the forbidden times even at sunset. Please, advise with regard to this matter in detail. [10] A: Muslim scholars hold different opinions concerning this matter. The correct opinion is that offering Tahiyyat-ul-Masjid is permitted at all times, even after Fajr and after ‘Asr, because of the general applicability of the Hadith: When anyone of you enters the Masjid, they should not sit down until they pray two Rak‘ahs. [4] (Agreed upon by Imams Al-Bukhari and Muslim). Tahiyyat-ul-Masjid is also one of the occasional Salahs offered for specific reasons, like Salat-ul-Tawaf and Salat-ul-Kusuf. The correct opinion concerning all of these Salahs is that it is permissible to offer them at times when it is not permissible to offer supererogatory Salah, like in the case of making up for missed obligatory Salahs. This is based on the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him) concerning Salat-ul-Tawaf: O Banu ‘Abd Manaf, do not prevent anyone from circumambulating this House (Ka‘bah) and praying there at any time they want, night or day. [5] (Related by Imam Ahmad and Ahl-ul-Sunan through an authentic Isnad [chain of narrators]).(Part No. 11; Page No. 289) Concerning Salat-ul-Kusuf, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The sun and moon are two of the Signs of Allah; they are not eclipsed because of the death or life of anyone. So, when you see them, you should invoke Allah and pray until it is clear. [6] (Agreed upon by Imams Al-Bukhari and Muslim). Furthermore, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Anyone who forgets a Salah let them offer it as soon as they remember it, for there is no Kaffarah (expiation) for it other than that. [7] These Hadiths apply to all times including the times when supererogatory Salah is prohibited. Shaykh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah and his knowledgeable disciple Ibn Al-Qayyim (may Allah be merciful to them both) advocated this opinion. May Allah grant us success. [11] [1] Narrated by Al-Bukhari, Book on Salah, Chapter on when entering a Masjid, you should pray two Rak`ahs, no. 425; Muslim, Book on travelers* Salah and Salah shortening, no. 166; Imam Ahmad, Rest of the section on Al-Ansar, no. 21600; and the wording is his. [2] Narrated by Al-Tirmidhy, Book on Hajj, no. 795; and Al-Nasa*y, Book on times of Prayer, no. 581. [3] Narrated by Al-Bukhari, Book on Friday, no. 1000; and Muslim, Book on eclipse, no. 1522; and the wording is his. [4] Al-Bukhari, Sahih, Book on Friday, no. 1167; Muslim, Sahih, Book on travelers* Salah and Salah shortening, no. 714; Al-Tirmidhy, Sunan, Book on Salah, no. 316; Al-Nasa*y, Sunan, Book on Masjids, no. 730; Abu Dawud, Sunan, Book on Salah, no. 467; Ibn Majah, Sunan, Book on performing Prayer and its Sunan, no. 1013; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol 5, p. 311; and Al-Darimy, Sunan, Book on Salah, no. 1393. [5] Al-Tirmidhy, Sunan, Book on Hajj, no. 868; Al-Nasa*y, Sunan, Book on Hajj rituals, no. 2924; Abu Dawud, Sunan, Book on rituals, no. 1894; Ibn Majah, Sunan, Book on performing Prayer and its Sunan, no. 1254; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol 4, p. 84; and Al-Darimy, Sunan, Book on rituals, no. 1926. [6] Narrated by Al-Bukhari, Book on Friday, no. 1000; and Muslim, Book on eclipse, no. 1522; and the wording is his. [7] Narrated by Al-Bukhari, Book on times of Prayer, no. 562; and Muslim, Book on Masjids and places for Salah, no. 1103. [8] Nur `Ala Al-Darb program, Tape No. 64. [9] Narrated by Al-Bukhari, Book on Friday, no. 1000. [10] This was published in the book entitled, "Al-Da`wah", vol. 1, p. 54. [11] This was published in Al-Da`wah magazine, issue no. 1449, on 6/2/1415 A.H. https://alifta.gov.sa/En/IftaContents/IbnBaz/Pages/FatawaChapters.aspx?cultStr=en&View=Page&PageID=1860&PageNo=1&BookID=14
Fiches exercices Taoki

ecole

Fiche de révisions 10 Taoki http://www.sanleane.fr/taoki-c18153603 Voici l'ensemble de mes fiches d'exercices adaptées à la méthode Taoki. Pour chaque son/lettre, vous trouverez: - pages 1 et 2: travail de phonologie - pages 3 et 4: travail de compréhension et EDL Chaque double page se décline en 3 niveaux de difficultés permettant d'adapter le travail aux enfants. niveau 1 niveau 2 et niveau 3. Pour retrouver l'organisation Un incontournable dans ma classe: cette peluche qui ressemble étrangement à Taoki suit mes élèves depuis 2 ans chez eux. Tous les vendredis soirs, un tirage au sort récompense un enfant. Les parents jouent le jeu et cette année, 2 cahiers pleins présentent des photos d'élèves jouant avec Taoki, accompagnées de petits textes écrits par eux. Cette année Taoki est allé deux fois à Disney et une fois au ski. Les séances de langage sont vraiment riches. Et pour mes séances d'anglais j'ai adopté la peluche rouge, cousin de Taoki, qui s'appelle Tioki! A retrouver sur le blog de Majoes, des jeux en ligne suivant la progression de Taoki ainsi que des diaporamas, à découvrir absolument ! PERIODE 1 http://www.dansmatrousse.com/fiches-exercices-taoki-a92988973 Lettres Fiches (fiches mises à jour) Documents pour Tbi Contribution de Céline EDL Manipulation et autonomie PDF PUB *.flipchart ALPHAS Alphas en 3 jours Word Avant de commencer l'étude de la lecture avec Taoki, les élèves découvrent les alphas en 3 jours. Un grand merci à Mirabelle dont j'ai repris les maisons des alphas à retrouver dans ses fiches. J1 fiche 1 fiche 2 Découverte du conte, compréhension Découverte des alphas voyelles J2 fiche 3 La fusée tombe ... J3 fiche 4 Les alphas se transforment A retrouver: Mistifuriosa (Mirabelle) "a" Fiche "a" pdf Fiche "a" pub [a].flipchart a la bibli1.flipchart relier nom personnage.flipchart Lotos et mistigri (memory) des lettres Logicos d'Amelise Tri et classement d'étiquettes "i y" Fiche "i y" pdf Fiche "i y" pub a la bibli2.flipchart Vocabulaire: l'école / la maison Grammaire: différencier lettres / signes "r" Fiche "r" pdf Fiche "r" pub r.flipchart La cuisine.flipchart Vocabulaire: la maison Grammaire: entourer les mots "l" Fiche "l" pdf Fiche "l" pub La famille de Taoki.flipchart Travail syllabes.flipchart Vocabulaire: la famille Grammaire: féminin / masculin "o" Fiche "o" pdf Fiche "o" pub Les cow-boys et les indiens.flipchart M1 Articles et Noms F1 Les articles le, la Jeux de manipulation chez Chalys Etiquettes à imprimer avec le personnage RSEEG "é" Fiche "é" pdf Fiche "é" pub dans le jardin.flipchart F2 Les articles le, la, un, une Tri d'étiquettes R1 "s" Fiche "s" pdf Fiche "s" pub dans la rue.flipchart "u" Fiche "u" pdf Fiche "u" pub Dans la cour.flipchart F3 Le nom "f" Fiche "f" pdf Fiche "f" pub "e" Fiche "e" pdf Fiche "e" pub Mise à jour le 07/10/2014 "m" Fiche "m" pdf Fiche "m" pub R2 "ch" Fiche "ch" pdf Fiche "ch" pub F4 l'article élidé "n" Fiche "n" pdf Fiche "n" pub F4 l'article élidé "èê" Fiche "è ê" Fiche "è ê" pub F5: articles des noms singulier et pluriel "v" Fiche "v" pdf Fiche "v" pub R3 Révisions 3 pdf Révisions 3 pub Evaluations période 1 Voici le référentiel des compétences en lecture et grammaire pour le CP. Fichier modifiable pour rajouter le numéro des exercices et le modifier selon les besoins de chacun! Evaluation avec les numéros d'exercices Evaluation sans les numéros d'exercices pour des montages Version modifiable sous Publisher 2003 PERIODE 2 Lettres Fiches Documents pour Tbi Contribution de Céline EDL Manipulation et autonomie pdf pub "ou" Fiche "ou" Fiche "ou" pub M1 Articles et Noms F5: articles des noms au singulier et au pluriel (suite) "z" Fiche "z" pub "p" Fiche "p" Fiche "p" pub F6: identifier le genre des noms au pluriel "c" Fiche "c" Fiche "c" (pour Prune29) Fiche "c" pub "b" Fiche "b" Fiche "b" pub M2- La phrase F7: connaître la phrase R4 Révisions 4 pdf Révisions 4 pub "j" Fiche "j" Fiche "j" pub "g" Fiche "g" Fiche "g" pub F8: construire une phrase "d" Fiche "d" Fiche "d" pub Nouveauté! Ajout de mots à écrire sur la page 2 En EDL: un exercice portant sur la phrase et un exercice de révisions "an en" Fiche "an en" Fiche "an en" pub "t" Fiche "t" Fiche "t" pub "h" Fiche "h" Fiche "h" pub Changement de disposition des exercices R5 Fiche de révisions 5 pdf Fiche de révisions 5 pub F9: produire des phrases Evaluations 2 Pas d'évaluations pour cette période, les prochaines sont prévues pour février. PERIODE 3 Lettres Fiches Documents pour Tbi Contribution de Céline EDL Manipulation et autonomie standard dys Nouveautés: une fiche d'exercice en version modifiable, version Publisher 2002 La partie compréhension passe à la page 3 L'écriture des mots passe à la page 4 La partie EDL va beaucoup porter sur les phrases pendant la période 3 Je compte étudier les sons complexes "in", "on" et "oi" en 3 jours chacun, la fiche supplémentaire pourra servir d'approfondissement (ou pas) pour celles et ceux qui continuent en 2 jours, je progresserai moins rapidement mais ça me permettra de ne pas finir Taoki au mois de mai... "br cr" Fiche "br" Fiche "br cr dr..." 1/2 pub M2- La phrase F7: connaître la phrase F8: construire une phrase + révisions "bl cl" Fiche "bl" Fiche "bl cl fl" 1/2 pub "in" Fiche "in" version 2 jours Fiche "in" version 3 jours Fiche complémentaire Fiche "in" v.2 jours pub Fiche "in" v.3 jours pub "on" Fiche "on" version 2 jours Fiche "on" version 3 jours Fiche complémentaire Fiche "on" v.2 jours pub Fiche "on" v.3 jours pub Fiche "on" supplémentaire pub "am em" Fiche "am em im om" Fiche "am em im om" pub "oi" Fiche "oi" Fiche "oi" pub "révisions 6" Fiche de révisions 6 pdf Fiche de révisions 6 pub fiche 6 pdf Contribution de Touni :-) "br" Fiche "br" Fiche 'br cr dr" 2/2 pub "bl" Fiche "bl" Fiche "bl cl fl" 2/2 pub "au" Fiche "au" version 2 jours Fiche "au" version 3 jours Fiche "au" v.2 jours pub Fiche "au" v.3 jours pub "ai ei et" Fiche "ai ei et" Fiche "ai ei et" pub "ui" Fiche "ui" Fiche lecture du soir Fiche "ui" pub J'ai choisi d'ajouter une fiche d'exercice et une fiche de lecture pour la semi-consonne/voyelle "ui", un son un peu compliqué pour mes élèves. "er ez" Fiche "er ez" Fiche "er ez et" pub Evaluations 3 Voici les évaluations de Karinette1 (un grand merci :-) qui me les a gentiment envoyées, elle a repris les compétences des évaluations de Sanleane avec différents exercices PERIODE 4 Lettres Fiches Documents pour Tbi Contribution de Céline Manipulation et autonomie EDL pdf pub Pour cette période 4, changement dans mes fiches: je supprime la partie EDL pour augmenter le nombre d'exercices de compréhension, notamment ceux portant sur les pronoms. L'introduction de ces exercices se fait de manière progressive, j'ai l'intention de les faire de manière collective pour ensuite différencier. Pour les lettres "g" et "c", je rajouterai des fiches pour travailler les sons 3 voire 4 jours. Mais je laisserai une version en 2 jours. Pour l'EDL j'utiliserai les magnifiques fiches de Valentinou à retrouver sur son site plein d'humour et de gaîté "révisions 7" Fiche de révisions 7 pdf Fiche de révisions 7 pub Contribution de Touni :-)Fiche 7 pdf Fiche 7 word Contribution de Virginie qui a modifié la fiche de Touni, merci! Fiche de révisions 7 pdf "q k ch" Fiche "qu k ch" Fiche "qu k ch" pub "eu oeu" Fiche "eu oeu"pdf Fiche "eu oeu"pub "gu ge" Fiche "g gu ge" en 2 jours pdf Fiche "g gu ge" en 4 jours pdf Fiche "g gu ge" en 2 jours pub Fiche "g gu ge en 4 jours pub 2 versions pour cette fiche - une version standard en 2 jours - une version en 4 jours avec jour 1 "g et gu", jour 2 "g et ge", jour 3 "g gu ge" et jour 4 partie compréhension "ain ein aim" Fiche "ain ein aim" pdf Fiche "ain ein aim" pub "eau" Fiche "eau"pdf Fiche "eau"pub "oin" Fiche "oin" pdf Fiche "oin" pub Changement des exercices de phonologie pour la fiche "oin" car il y a peu de mots (pour des CP) contenant ce son! "révisions 8" Fiche de révisions 8 pdf Fiche de révisions 8 pub Contribution de Touni :-) Fiche 8 pdf Fiche 8 word "s=z" Fiche "s=z" pdf Fiche "s=z" pub "ph=f" Fiche "ph=f" pdf Fiche "ph=f" pub "ci ce ç" fiche "ce ci ç" pdf fiche "ce ci ç" pub "e=è" Fiche "e=è" pdf Fiche "e=è" pub PERIODE 5 Lettres Fiches Documents pour Tbi Contribution de Céline Manipulation et autonomie EDL pdf pub "gn" "gn" pdf "gn" pub "ill y" "ill y" pdf "ill y" pub "révisions 9" Fiche de révisions 9 pdf Fiche de révisions 9 pub Contribution de Touni :-) Fiche 9 pdf Fiche 9 word "ail eil" "eil ail" pdf "eil ail" pub "euil" "euil" pdf "eil ail" pub En EDL notion de verbe Révisions "ill ail eil euil ouil" révisions "ill" pdf révisions "ill" pub "ian ien ieu ion" "ian ien ieu ion" pdf "ian ien ieu ion" pub "ian ien ieu ion ier" "ian ien ieu ion ier" pdf "ian ien ieu ion ier" pub Version alternative de la leçon "ian ien ieu ion", j'ai rajouté "ier" "ti = si" "ti=si" pdf "ti=si" pub "x" "x" pdf "x" pub "révisions" Fiche de révisions 10 pdf Fiche de révisions 10 pub Contribution de Touni :-) Fiche 10 pdf Fiche 10 word "w" "y ay oy uy" "y, ay, oy, uy" pdf "y, ay, oy, uy" pub Petite fiche pour revoir les graphies avec la lettre "y" "g gu ge" "g gu ge" pdf "g gu ge" pub Petite fiche pour revoir les valeurs de la lettre "g" Voici donc la liste de mes outils pour travailler au quotidien la lecture avec Taoki : Pour le travail de compréhension, de lecture et d'appentissage des mots outils, j'utilise les Cadors de Dixmois ainsi que mes affiches pour travailler les questions "qui", "où", "quand" et "quoi" Pour le travail en étude de la langue j'utiliserai cet ouvrage. Je vais adapter les exercices afin qu'ils s'intègrent au mieux dans les fiches de Taoki. Toutes les séances de manipulation et de découverte sont très bien décrites à l'intérieur de l'ouvrage. J'ai acheté RSEEV et j'adopterai donc la progression proposée dans le livre. Les exercices suivront cette progression. Enfin j'utiliserai tous les petits jeux que j'ai créés dans les rubriques phonologie et mots outils. Page de garde du porte vue contenant toutes les fiches d'exercices de Taoki. Dans ce fichier sont présentes 3 versions: porte vue, classeur et cahier Mes fiches de lecture du soir 2012/2013 sont ici, et pour cette nouvelle année 2013/2014là. Par Mecarson dans Taoki le 4 Juin 2015 à 15:00 http://www.dansmatrousse.com/fiches-exercices-taoki-a92988973
CIBELE, A MÃE DE TUDO E DE TODOS (DA CASTIDADE, DOS CASTRADOS E DO PECADO NEFANDO), por arturjotaef.

Cybele

KU-BABA / BAU/BABA.. 1 SEVILHA.. 5 Sausga.. 9 DEA SYRIA / DEASURA.. 12 CIBELE. 18 O TRONO DE CIBELE. 24 CASTIDADE, CASTRADOS E PECADO NEFANDO. 25 KU-BABA / BAU/BABA Figura 1: Bau/Baba seated on a throne which seems to resting on water and is supported by water birds, perhaps geese. (…). Diorite. Dated around 2060-1955 BCE. Drawing © Stephane Beaulieu, after Pritchard 1969b:173 #507. Figura 2: Possibly the goddess Bau/Baba, seated on a throne flanked by palm trees and with two creatures, possibly water birds, at her feet. Terracotta. 2017-1595 BCE. From Ur. Drawing © S. Beaulieu, after Leick 1998. Bau/Baba, whose name sounds onomatopoeic (bow-wow), was principal goddess of the Lagash area, with its three cities, Girsu, Lagash, and Nimen. As "Lady of Abundance," Bau/Baba controlled the fertility of animals and human beings (Leick 1998: 23). [A very old deity, she is attested in documents dating from the period 2900 -2350 BCE] By the time of the famed Lagash governor Gudea (twenty-second century BCE), who called himself Bau's son (Frankfort 1978: 300), the goddess had become the daughter of An (Semitic Anu), the head of the pantheon. In Lagash, she was consort of the warrior Nin-Girsu, "Lord of Girsu"; he had charge of irrigation and the land's fecundity. In other places, her spouse was Za-baba, a northern warrior. (…) The four-day Festival of Bau/Baba at Lagash took place in the autumn, when pilgrims from other towns came bearing offerings. During the Festival, common folk and royalty made sacrifices to their ancestors, thus feasting the dead. Afterwards, they dined on the leftovers (Cohen 1993: 53-54, 470-471). Since mediating between angry gods/ demons and their human prey was a task that often fell to healing goddesses, they needed to have close connections with the Underworld (Cohen 1993: 149). (…) At the New Year, there was also a festival of Bau/Baba at Girsu, when a "Sacred Marriage" rite involving Nin-Girsu and Bau took place (Cohen 1993: 67, 75). According to Frankfort, Bau was dominant in the ceremony (1978: 297). -- "Going to the Dogs": Healing Goddesses of Mesopotamia, by Johanna Stuckey. Bau / Baba seria possivelmente o nome carinhoso da deusa mãe que enquanto deusa curandeira seguiria o exemplo das cadelas que lambiam os filhos para os manterem lavados e dos cães que lambiam as próprias feridas curando-as com a sua baba ou saliva. O certo e que o nome desta arcaica deusa ficou na linguagem popular tanto como «baba» / «saliva» / «escuma» como com o significado de «babá», a ama protectora da criança. Como esta deusa seria uma variante de Ki, Ninhursag, terá acabado como Ki-Baba ou Kubaba. Figura 3: Kububa, segurando uma romã na mão direita e um espelho na esquerda, aparece assim simultaneamente como deusa infernal e do amor, ou seja uma mistura de Istar e Ereshkigal. Museu das Civilizações da Anatólia, Ankara, Turquia. Kou-baba est la déesse reine de la ville antique de Karkemish, parèdre du dieu de l'orage. C'est une divinité de la fertilité. Elle joue un rôle dans les textes louvites et un rôle mineur dans les textes hittites, principalement dans les rites religieux hourrites. Plus tard, son culte se répandit et elle devint la déesse principale des royaumes anatoliens postérieurs aux Hittites, puis d'Hattousa. Elle est probablement à l'origine de la divinité phrygienne Cybèle. Depois, o seu culto espalhou-se, e o seu nome foi adaptado para a deusa principal dos reinos que sucederam aos Hititas na Anatólia, e depois evoluiu para a Frígia Cibel, como o demonstrou detalhadamente Mark Munn (Munn 2004). Inscrições Frígias com a sua imagem em esculturas cortadas na rocha identificam-na como matar (“a mãe ") e, numa das instâncias, Ku-bil-eja. Por outro lado, a deusa dos frígios parece ter pouca semelhança com Kubaba que era a deusa soberana de Sardis e foi conhecida pelos gregos como Kubebe (Herodotus] 5.102.1, como notou Munn em 2004). No período Arameu que se seguiu, Heba tornou-se Hawah, a Deusa síria das cobras e mãe de todos os viventes, que emergiu na Bíblia como Eva. [1] -- From Wikipedia. The Phrygian Mother is an Anatolian puzzle. She is the knot that joins Kybele, the Phrygian Mother of the Gods of Greco-Roman sources, to Kubaba, the divine Queen of Carchemish of Bronze and Early Iron Age cuneiform and hieroglyphic sources. Laroche's landmark study of 1960 argued that the former was the direct descendent of the latter, even though the development of her name, Kubaba > ? > Kybele, could not be readily explained. Since then this link has been questioned. Brixhe's work (1979) on Old Phrygian clarified the earliest form of the name of Kybele as the adjective, kubeleya, modifying matar. Taking his lead from the Greek epithet, oreia, Brixhe suggested that matar kubeleya was Phrygian for "Mountain Mother," and therefore that kubeleya (also attested as kubileya) came from a Phrygian word for "mountain." The corollary of this argument was its most significant outcome: the name of Kybele could have nothing to do with Kubaba. Most recently, Roller's study of the Phrygian Mother (1999) has reinforced this conclusion by emphasizing the iconographic distinctions between the archaic images of the Phrygian Mother and Syro-Anatolian Kubaba. It is time to unravel the knot and show that the thread from Kubaba does, in fact, lead to Kybele. The clue to this tangle is the recognition that the monuments to the Phrygian Mother all belong after the rise of the Mermnad Lydians, when Kubaba was a sovereign deity at Sardis, known to Greeks as Kybebe (Herodotus 5.102.1; Charon of Lampsacus FGrHist 262 F 5; Kuvav- in Lydian). Lydian, like Carian, and Lycian, forms adjectives by the suffix, -(e/a)li-. So from the name of Artemis (Lydian Artimus, Lycian Ertemi) come Lydian Artimalis, Lycian Erttimeli, meaning "The One of Artemis". A similar formation from Kubebe, *Kubeb(e)li-, with the addition of the Phrygian adjectival suffix, -eya, gives *Kubeb(e)leya, "The person/place of Kybebe". Contracting this, and simplifying the cluster -bl- (not attested in Old Phrygian) to -ll-, yields *Kubelleya. Kybeleia is attested in Hecataeus of Miletus (FGrHist 1 F 230) as the name of an Ionian polis (i.e., a "place of Kybebe"). The descriptive placename Kybeleia could become nominalized as the deity Kybele in Greek, just as basileia ("kingly person/place") became nominalized as the deity Basile. The corollary of this argument is its most significant outcome. The Phrygian Matar Kubeleya received her name from the Luwian family of Anatolian languages, the ancient home of Kubaba's cult. During the period when the monuments to the Phrygian Mother were being created, Kubaba' most important home was at Sardis, in Lydia, where Greek sources say she was called Kybebe "by the Lydians and Phrygians" (Charon). The "places of Kybebe" known in Phrygian as kubeleya were the natural or man-made cult places of this goddess who had become an expression of Lydian sovereignty. -- Mark Munn, "Kybele as Kubaba in a Lydo-Phrygian Context". Bel: “Senhor” Título de vários deuses cabeças de panteões locais. O termo recorre a Marduk da Babilônia, Assur da Assíria, e Ninurta na epopéia de Anzu. Belet Ili: "Senhora dos deuses", um nome para a grande deusa de mãe, Ninhursag. Era a deusa de Suméria do útero, figuras e formas. Os deuses pediram-lhe que lhes criasse os homens para que eles lhes cultivassem a terra e cavassem canais, e as mulheres de forma que eles pudessem continuar a procriar dos homens. Ela criou sete de cada raça o que deu como o resultado que, depois de 600 anos, as pessoas já muito numerosas. A terra ficou tão ruidosa quanto um curral de gado e o deus supremo Ellil não popia dormir. As pessoas também eram pecadoras, porque chegavam a comer os próprias filhos, pelo que Ellil decidiu acabar com a raça humana com uma grande inundação. "Afinal de contas, as pessoas também ficaram muito preguiçosas e deixaram de trabalhar para os deuses ". Ellil pretendeu manter este plano secreto desconhecido dos humanos mas o deus Ea (Enki) contou-o para o seu protegido Atrahasis o que aconteceria e como ele poderia se salvar por meio de um barco. => Belili: Um nome da deusa Geshtin-anna, irmã de Dumuzi, esposa de Nin-gishzida. Epíteto: "ela a que se lamenta sempre". => Belet-seri: "Senhora das terras abertas" (onde residiram os fantasmas), deusa que tomava conta do que acontecia no Mundo dos infernos. Epíteto: " Escriturária da Terra ". Baba - An alternate form of the goddess Inanna. Ki + Baba = Ki-baba > Kubaba. Se, em acádico, Bel era o título do senhor dos deuses Belet seria também em caldeu o nome de senhora! Então, Ki-Baba ou Kubaba terá sido também chamada alternativamente Ki / Ku-Belet, possivelmente com formas ainda mais arcaicas como *Ki-Wer-Ish de que terá derivado a egípcia Ta-Ver-et e a forma micénica Kubeleja, todas com o significado óbvio e comum de Senhora da Terra Mãe. O resumo pode ser o seguinte: Kubaba > Kubebe + (e)li = *Kubeb(e)li ( = The One of Kubaba) + -eya = *Kubeb(e)leya = "The person/place (= One) of Kybebe" > *Kubelleya > Kubeleya > Kybele. O conteúdo da informação dos estudos de Mark Munn não é passível de contestação mas os argumentos e respectivas conclusões são obviamente questionáveis. Mesmo assim, ficou por esclarecer se a aparente originalidade do nome de Cibele seria mesmo uma invenção linguística frígia! De resto, muitas das dúvidas levantadas contornam outras porque afinal a variante sibilina do nome de Cibele pode ter sido cretense e não anatólica porque não aparece na cultura hitita e aparece na Sicília. Na literatura e poesia clássicas, Hyblea é usado como um adjectivo relativo a mel. Uma das cidades antigas da Sicília conhecido como Hybla era famosa pelo seu mel; muitos associam este Hybla com as Montanhas Hyblaeas (figurativo do Monte Hybla) na moderna província de Ragusa. Le complexe montagneux des monts Hybléens est constitué de calcaire. Leur nom vient d'un roi sicule Hyblon qui régna sur ces lieux et concéda une portion de territoire aux Grecs pour bâtir Megara Hyblaea. A razão porque havia tantas cidades chamada Hybla na Sicília surgiu provavelmente do fato, mencionado por Pausanias, de que havia uma divindade local com este nome. (Paus. v. 23. § 6.). Um deus Hibla (ou deusa Hiblaea), a partir de cujo nome várias cidades sicilianas foram nomeadas, teve um santuário em Hybla Gereatis. Autóctone ou importada da Anatólia com a chegada dos sícules à Sicília, assim como os antepassados dos romanos e dos etruscos que chegaram às costas italianas, o que é duvidoso é que os sículos fossem indo europeus de origem continental porque fazem parte das listas egípcias dos povos do mar. Hybla or Hyblaea - Sicillian Earth Goddess. Ibla - Sicillian Godess of beauty, love and fertility . < Ki-| Wel < Ki-pher, a que transporta a terra (e a cidade) na cabeça. Cybele > Kubile > Hybla (d)ea = Hyblaea > Ibla. Se Hibla era uma deusa indígena siciliana à época de Pausânias poderia ser de origem sículo até porque os montes do mesmo nome aparecem na porção que se supõe ter sido colonizada por estes guerreiros da Terra Mãe! «Sículos» < Lat. Siculi < Grec. Σικελοί < Ki-kauroi «Sicanos» < Grec. Sikanoi < Kiki-na. «Sicília» (= Lat. Trinacria) < Grec. Sikelia, terra dos sículos ou apenas Ilha de Ki, a terra mãe telúrica e vulcânica do monte Etna. O Etna era conhecido na Roma Antiga como Ætna, um nome derivado provavelmente do grego antigo aitho ("incendiar") ou do fenício Attano. Os árabes chamavam-lhe Gibel Utlamat ("a montanha de fogo"), que mais tarde teria gerado a corruptela Mons Gibel. Literalmente ambos os elementos, árabe e romano, significariam "monte montanha", repetição que se não for mera redundância de culturas que se ignoram seria uma mania de grandeza siciliana com mistura de linguagens. Hasta inicios de s XX, por lo menos, era frecuente que la población siciliana llamara Gibellu a este célebre volcán; tal denominación local deriva de la presencia árabe en el lugar durante la edad media. En efecto, Gibellu o Gibello deriva de la palabra árabe ŷébel (monte, montaña). Aún en 2005, se llama en Sicilia Gibello o Mongibelo a la montaña; quedando la denominación Etna para el cono volcánico. Obviamente que Gibelo é que seria uma típica mania de grandeza italiana porque se reportaria a um monte tão grande quanto belo! Na verdade, o mito indo-europeu teria feito pouco sentido desde a origem se tivesse sido inventado por alguém que além de saber línguas clássicas soubesse também aramaico ou outras línguas semitas. É óbvio que o simples facto de existir um genérico árabe ŷébel para montanha deixa sem grandes dúvidas de que Ki-Bel-et teria sido o nome arcaico da Senhora do Monte que os árabes vieram a reencontrar na Cicília com o nome local de Gibellu onde já tinha sido também Hibeleia como foi na Frígia kubeleya. Na verdade, é bem possível que, tal como barbaru era um genérico para povos estrangeiros e desconhecidos, Ki-bel-ya fosse o nome genérico de terras desconhecidas e selvagens que começou por ser a Ibéria do Cáucaso a oriente e, muito mais ainda, a ocidente a península ibérica tal como pelo meio as Montanhas sicilianas Hiblaeas, porque à medida que iam fazendo parte do campo geográfico conhecido ia ficando cada vez mais distante como parece ter acontecido à Sibéria e ao vulcão Ki-lauea do Hawai.[2] SEVILHA Ora, pelo menos a ocidente, culto da “deusa Mãe” na forma mais arcaica da Virgem de Macarena foi perpetuada até hoje na profusão floral das “festas da semana santa de Sevilha” e nas “romarias do Rocio”. Sevilha teria sido mesmo o porto de difusão desta cultura arcaica de Cibele por todo o mundo. El nombre de la ciudad procede del nombre indígena tartesio Spal, que significa "tierra baja". Tras la conquista, los romanos latinizaron el nombre a Hispalis, que en época andalusí varió a Isbilia, debido a la sustitución de la "p" (fonema inexistente en árabe) por "b" y de la "a" tónica por "i" (fenómeno característico del árabe hispánico conocido por imela), de donde procede la actual forma 'Sevilla'. «Sapal» = • s. m. terra alagadiça > Tartéssico / Turdetano spal > • «paul». Sevilha teria sido um pântano e um «sapal» na sua origem como os locais de Romário das festas do Rocio? Seria esta a terra das garças de onde partiram os astecas? Este topónimo aparece em Portugal em transposições do nome da cidade andaluza, mas também existe uma Sevilha, em Tábua, que me parece uma designação de origem. Para deslindar a etimologia de Sevilha há que remontar a épocas anteriores ao domínio de Roma. Gregos e romanos adaptaram o vocábulo de língua desconhecida, ao qual deram a forma Hispalis. os árabes, adaptando por sua vez o topónimo já latinizado, chamaram-lhe Ixbília - de onde descende em linha directa o actual nome Sevilha. Onde não existe uma luz que nos abra caminho, há quem enxergue neste topónimo um vocábulo semita, pois que sefelah significa "chão, lugar plano", em hebraico, e safal significa "fundo, baixo", em árabe. a primeira acepção convém à Sevilha andaluza, a segunda acepção encaixa melhor na Sevilha de Tábua. (…) Resaltar a semelhança com das raízes Isp- e Esp- presentes em nomes como Espinho, Esposende e Espasante (Ortegal, Galiza), todos portos de mar. Há debates inconclusos acerca da até onde chegaram os fenícios cara ao Norte pela fachada atlântica peninsular. – jose cunha-oliveira. Blog: toponímia galego-portuguesa e brasileira. Na evolução do nome latino de Sevilha apenas nos falta o elo visigótico que teria sido Spalis. Seville was called Spalis by the Visigoths, Hispalis by the Romans who preceded them. The word, whose meaning is unknown, is almost certainly of Semitic origin, for the site upon which Seville is built was occupied by the Carthaginians from at least the seventh century BC. Isidore of Seville, whose Etymologies were written in the sixth century of our era, says Hispalis means "built upon posts," because his palis in Latin means "these posts." This is folk etymology, but curiously, a number of pine posts were found earlier this century beneath a building on Seville's Calle Sierpes, deeply embedded in the earth and probably dating from the birth of the city. They must have been used to consolidate the foundations, for Seville is built on marshy ground and used to be frequently flooded by its two rivers. (…) Spalis - or Ishbiliyah, as it now came to be called - was the richest city in Andalusia. – Ishbiliyah, Islamic Seville, Written by Paul Lunde. Tenha lá sido o que foi a verdade é que é mais fácil ir a Espanha a partir do latinismo Hispalis do que a Sevilha, mesmo seguindo caminhos árabes por Isbília! Na verdade, se os berberes que fizeram de Sevilha a primeira capital da Andaluzia árabe tivessem derivado o nome do visigótico Spalis nem com o fenómeno linguístico «imela» la chegariam! O mais provável que a cidade fosse sobejamente conhecida do lado de lá do estreito de Gibraltar e tivesse nome assim já do tempo dos fenícios. De facto, a constância fonética que encontramos nos nomes que esta cidade tem em diversas línguas do mundo não pode ser um mero resultado da época dos descobrimentos. Hispalis (Latin), Išbīliya (Arabic), Seviļa (Latvian), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Portuguese), Sevíli - Σεβίλλη (Greek), Sevilia (former Romanian), Sevilija (Lithuanian), Sevilja (Serbian), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Séville (French), Sevilya (Turkish, Azeri), Seviya (Ladino)*, Sewilla (Polish), Siviglia (Italian), Sivilja (Maltese). Particularmente o nome maltês e sérvio parecem confirmar uma remota origem do nome desta cidade que teria sido sempre derivado do diminutivo carinhoso do nome da Deusa Mãe Cebelisha / Kubeleja ou da filha desta, Coré, a rainha dos infernos também conhecida nas baleares como Ibiza e que na cidade de Sevilha têm o grande nome da virgem de Macarena. Ver: MACARENA (***) O mais provável é que os romanos tenham latinizado o nome da cidade que já era localmente *Sevilija mas seria também conhecida entre os helenista como por *Hispolis, esta então uma deturpação do nome indígena de «sapal» que os fenícios teriam idêntico em sefelah e que seria o nome comum para pantanal, paul, sapal ou “terra de sapos”, dando em parte razão a uma tradição romana de que a cidade teria sido construída sobre estacas! Quanto ao “fenómeno característico del árabe hispánico conocido por imela” ele pode ser apenas o reflexo de uma realidade muito mais banal: Com a perda do cordão umbilical enxertado da romanização os nomes autóctones acabaram por se sobrepor aos nomes eruditos impostos pelas civilizações clássicas. Ki-Sa-| palu > «paul» | Hi-sapol > Grec. Hispolis > Lat. Hispalis > Visig. Spal ó *Hispália. ó Isbília < ? *Hispalia Sevilha < Cewil-ya < Kubeleja > Ki-| *Wilia < *Kilia | > «Cecília», a santa padroeira da música! > Sicília. Figura 4: Cila. Cila (em grego: Σκύλλα, transl. Skylla) é o nome de duas heroínas distintas da mitologia grega, que são às vezes confundidas. Uma delas, citada por Homero e por Ovídio, era uma bela ninfa que se transformou em um monstro marinho. A outra é uma princesa, filha de Niso, rei de Mégara. Virgílio é um dos autores que identificam as duas: ele menciona a filha de Niso como sendo idêntica à mulher que tem monstros saindo dos quadris. «Cila» < Skylla < Ki-kur-la > Sikilia > Sicília. > Cibila > Cibele. Ver: GALAUCO & POLUIDO (***) El Ki-lauea es uno de los volcanes más grandes del planeta y uno de los cinco volcanes que forman la isla de Hawái, junto con los volcanes Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, Huala-lai y Kohala. Los nativos consideran a este volcán el hogar de la diosa Pelé, diosa del Fuego. Bom, importa pouco agora e aqui dar conta que a distante língua dos polinésios é uma variante arcaica duma proto linguagem aparentada com o grego antigo e que Pelé, Pheret, seria uma arcaica forma de Afrodite negra, uma Core, filha nocturna e infernal da Deusa Mãe Terra que daria nome ao vulcão principal do Hawai, Ma-una Kea, literalmente “senhora mãe terra”. Mauna Loa poderia ser “mãe leoa”, ou apenas senhora mãe feroz e felina e Kohala / Huala algo como a “montanha viva”! De qualquer forma, depois de sugerida a comparação é impossível não encontrar semelhanças etimológicas entre Ki-lauea e Kubeleja. Ki-lauea < Ki-La-Wea , literalmente “a terra de lava” < Ki-We-la(i)a > Kybeleja > Cibale. Porém, o étimo comum da equação Kubaba > Ki-Wer > Kybele é patente na mitologia de ambas as entidades como adiante se verá. No entanto esta equação semântica revela algumas redundâncias inexplicadas e passagens regressivas desnecessárias. Obviamente que não é necessário encontrar elos étmicos comuns para que divindades de nomes foneticamente desencontrados possam corresponder à mesma entidade divina porque muitos foram os teónimos divinos e ainda mais terão sido os da Deusa Mãe primordial. Onde a maioria dos teóricos tropeça é na forma como levantam o nome da Deusa Mãe em vão! Evidentemente que o nome da Deusa Mãe dos frígios, não poderia ser um mero adjectivo duma arcaica e sobejamente conhecida deusa mãe anatólica pela simples razão de que tal blasfémia nem sequer seria necessária porque ela era senhora de todas a graças e qualidades entre elas a de ser senhora duma miríade de nomes e funções, entre eles, Inana / Nin-Shubur! Ver: INANA (***) De resto, se aceitarmos que a própria deusa mãe Deméter era um sincretismo da egeia Gaia descendente de Ki e da cretense Reia, esposa de Uraz, teríamos que Kubelia seria o mesmo sincretismo fonético aparecido ocasionalmente na Anatólia. Obviamente que a devoção da deusa curandeira Ku-baba pode ter tomado uma forma particular no culto anatólico de Cibele pós hitita. Mas pouco sentido faz separar o que nasceu originalmente comum a partir do mesmo étimo telúrico da terra mãe Ki, e que só na exuberância aparente dos cultos posteriores parece diferente. Baba e Cibele são deusas infernais e da abundância e seriam curandeiras também. Em conclusão: Belet = Bel-et seria apenas o feminino de Bel e Belet-Ili seria apenas um epíteto de Ninhursag com o significado de “divina soberana”! Como Ninhursag era já um epíteto da Deusa Mãe, Ki, com o significado de Nin-kur-sag = “Sr.ª do cabeço do monte”, o divino Zigurate primordial, então podemos inferir, sem grande risco de errar, que a Deusa Mãe teve o epíteto de Ki-Bel-et / Kubaba-at possivelmente durante todo o neolítico desde logo também na civilização cretense e no mar egeu. Ki-Bel-et => Ki-Bel > Cibele. < Ki-pher, lit. «a *Kiphura que transporta a terra e o Ka da vida»? «A que dá à luz o sol»? < Ku-war, lit. «a barca de que transporta (a aurora)»? < Ki-Kur, a Deusa Mãe da montanha primordial que serve de suporte à cidade»! => Civil, o étimo e princípio semântico da civilidade. Esta conotação primitiva terá ficado sempre subjacente ao nome da divina Deusa Mãe razão pela qual o nome de Cibele é tido como significando, na língua frígia, de que pouco se conhece, “aquela que habita as caverna”. Seguramente que sendo Cibele a equivalente de Ki / Ninhursag, esta deusa seria a mesma que Nut / Taweret, a deusa que devorava o sol ao pôr-do-sol para, como Aurora, o parir pela manhã. Ora, não apenas os ritos da deusa mãe Cibele como os de Reia cretense tinham sempre lugar em cavernas junto a montanhas sagradas. Como se viu, Cibele teria sido também: Ki-Bel-et < Ki-Kur-At > Ka-wer-et > Taweret. «Zigurate» < Ki-Kur-At ó Ha-Phor-Kiki > Afrodite. Cibele < Kubile < Kubala / Kubaba > Kuba-bat => «cuba e cova». > Kibila > Hibila > Hybla. «caveira» ó Kau-Wer > Kawer + An = «caverna». Porém, antes de ser Cibele, Kubaba deve ter tido equivalência no mundo hitita. Kubaba (in the Weidner "Chronicle"), or Kug-Baba, or elsewhere as Kubau, is the name of the only queen in the Sumerian king list. (…) In the Hurrian area she may be identified with Kebat, or Hepat, one title of the Hurrian Mother Goddess Hannahannah (from Hurrian hannah, "mother"). Obviamente que Hannahannah < Hurrian hannah < Ki-an-Ki-an, se reportam a redundâncias litúrgicas arcaicas relativas ao monte Sião primordial e que teria acabado por significar mãe porque *Kian seria literalmente a Senhora do Monte que teria sido sempre a Terra Mãe. Do uso e abuso deste nome primevo teria aparecido o nome da suméria Inana. Hebat, esposa do deus omnipotente das fecundas tempestades, Techuva, seria formalmente uma espécie de Hera hitita, esposa do deus soberano e uma mera variante linguística de Kubaba ou Ku-Kaka, numa das muitas possíveis variantes fonéticas arcaicas, a mais arcaica das quais teria sido Ki-Kiki. No entanto, a forma de culto da deusa mãe sibilina hitita teria Sausga, o nome secreto e misterioso de Hebat. SAUSGA Figura 5: Shaushka, a deusa hitita da sexualidade aparece nesta figura como uma típica esfinge alada ou seja, como Ishtar com os atributos leoninos da Deusa Mãe! Shaushka, Shawushka, or Sausga (Hurrian) - “She Who is Armed”. Hittite-Hurrian love and fertility goddess of Hurrian origin. She was also a goddess of war and healing. She is depicted with wings and stands or sits on a lion. She also holds a golden cup symbolizing her role as fertility goddess. She was a central figure of the Hurrian pantheon identified with Ishtar. She was also known as the ‘Mother Goddess of Nineveh’. Sausga < Chavuska < Chuv-uska, esposa de Te-Chuve. < Shau-iska < Shaus Kika ó Kika Kaus. Sha-ushka < Kau(r)-isca < Ish-Kaur > Ishtar. Sabemos o quanto o leão era símbolo do calor escaldante dos trópicos próprio do seu habitat natural. Kika era naturalmente a arcaica deusa do fogo e Kaus o seu animal totémico, que neste caso era o leão, mas foi quase sempre a cobra. Não é clara a origem do nome da deusa Hurrita Shaushka aparentemente limitada ao mundo anatólico e à região síria subjacente. Os nomes divinos mais próximos foneticamente serão as deusas egípcias Seshatu e Sati. Seshatu, Sheshat = Deusa egípcia do destino, "Senhora da casa dos livros", secretária dos deuses, deusa da escrita e matemática e da arquitectura. Shait = destino Humano, que nasce e persegue a pessoa e fala por ela no julgamento final da alma no tribunal de Osíris. Sati = Deusa archeira que personifica as cachoeiras do Nilo. Também Satet, Satis, Saits. Sha = conceito egípcio relativo à protecção contra a corrupção da morte! < Ash-Ish-KiKa > Sha-Ush-Kiha > Sha-ush-ka. > Ash-Sha-tu > Seshatu, Sheshat. Ash > Sha + tu > Shatu > Shait. > Sati > Satis, Saits. Ishat seria uma deusa de origem étmica idêntica à deusa Shait e logo também à deusa Shausca, meras variante de Istar! Shaushka, Shawushka, or Sausga was originally a goddess of the Hurrians, "an ethnic group" which made its presence felt in the Ancient Near East during the third to the first millennium BCE. For a time in the fifteenth century BCE, the Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni was a force to be reckoned with throughout the region. Eventually the Hurrians were subdued by the Hittites and the Assyrians (Bienkowski and Millard 2000: 150), but not before their religion had had an enormous influence in northern Syria and northern Mesopotamia. Indeed, texts regularly describe Shaushka as "of Nineveh," and we know that she was worshiped at that important Mesopotamian city for around 1,500 years (Beckman 1988: 8). Figura 6: Ishtar. Figura 7: Shaushka. The goddess Shaushka on a stela from the storm-god temple at Aleppo, Syria. Stela of the warrior goddess Ishtar standing on and controlling a lion. She bears weapons and wears a cylindrical crown topped with one of her symbols, a rosette. From Tel Barsib northeast of 'Ain Dara. Dated to the eighth century BCE. Drawing © S. Beaulieu, after Monson 2000: 28. She wears a long skirt, a cylindrical crown, and a multi-stringed necklace. She carries an axe in her right hand and, in the left, an object which has variously been explained as a weapon, a mirror, or a spindle/distaff. On her shoulders are what might be quivers. Dated to early in the first millennium BCE. Drawing © S. Beaulieu, after Gonnella, Khayyata, and Kohlmeyer 2005: 102. Her cult was also celebrated at northern sites such as Nuzi, Alalakh, and Ugarit. Her cult center was a place called Samukha, possibly in the northern Euphrates area. Her name, from a Hurrian root, probably started as a title, "The Great One" (Beckman 1998: 2, note 14). -- Shaushka and 'Ain Dara: A Goddess and Her Temple, by Johanna Stuckey. A egípcia Sati, enquanto deusa archeira, manifesta ainda relações funcionais com estas arcaicas deusas mães guerreiras e leoninas. A Egípcia Seshatu especializou-se na escrita do destino por ter ficado com as tábuas do destino e da lei como Istar, que as roubou a Enki. Por fim, há que concluir que o nome de Sausga entre os hurritas seria apenas a confirmação da relação desta deusa de mãe, irmã e esposa de Teshuve. Figura 8: Shaushka and her musician attendants Ninatta and Kulitta. From the famous open-air Hittite site of Yazilikaya. It is not clear whether the protrusions from her shoulders are quivers or possibly wings. Shaushka appears twice at the site, once in the procession of the goddesses (#56) and again in the procession of the gods (#38). Her ambiguous sex is the obvious explanation. The carvings have been dated to between about 1227 and 1209 BCE. Drawing © S. Beaulieu, after illustration on http://www.uned.es. Na verdade, as aias de Sausga mais não fazem do que revelar variantes do seu nome. Ninatta, significaria literalmente Senhora Atta, ou seja, Ishat. Kulita seria um elo étmico antigo que a ligaria a Istar. Kulita < Kur-ita < Kur-ish > Ishtaur > Istar. Texts describe Shaushka as similar to Ishtar, as an ambiguous goddess who supervised married love and harmonious relationships but, unpredictably, could turn love into a dangerous endeavor. According to Hittite texts she was of ambiguous sex also and given to wearing the clothes of both sexes. In addition, she could alter a person's sex. One ritual credited her with the ability to deprive men of "manliness and vitality," to replace their bows and arrows with distaffs and spindles, and to dress them in women's clothes. From women she could take away motherhood and love (Hutter in van der Toorn et al. 1999: 758-759). Nonetheless, one of her areas of competence was healing, especially in sexual matters. In magical incantations she was asked to remove curses and fight the plague (Beckman 1998: 6). Like most healing deities, she could both cure and cause disease or death. -- Shaushka and 'Ain Dara: A Goddess and Her Temple, by Johanna Stuckey. A origem cretense destas deusas acaba descoberta na figura seguinte onde Sauska / Istar aparece vestida como cretense. Figura 9: Damaged stela of the goddess Shaushka/Ishtar. She takes to pose of a warrior deity and carries a staff or spear in her left hand and, possibly, an axe in her right. There seems to be a quiver on her shoulder. She wears a split or diaphanous robe, and her pubic triangle is very prominent. Her shoes, turned up at the toe, are typical of the mountain areas of Anatolia and north Syria. Basalt. Drawing © S. Beaulieu, after Monson 2000: 32. Se era verdade que Shaushka tinha rituais em que se acreditava que esta deusa tinha podres para privar os homens da sua “masculinidade e virilidade”, substituindo os arcos e as setas da masculinidade pela roca e os fusos, vestindo os homens com roupas de mulheres então estamos perante o ritual de castração típico de Cibele. DEA SYRIA / DEASURA Figura 10: Goddess wearing an impressive mural crown and flanked by doves, probably Artargatis identified with Aphrodite/Venus. Relief from the temple of Adonis at Duro-Europos. Dated to around the 1st century BCE. (Bilde attributes it to Khirbet Et-Tannur.) Drawing © S. Beaulieu, after Bilde 1990: 175. Esta representação de Dea Syria confirma a razão de ser deste epíteto da Deusa Mãe oriental de indefinida correlação com outras congéneres Egeias e Anatólicas. No entanto, é evidente que os pombos aparecem em cima ao lado de Baba e o castelo na cabeça da deusa não deixam dúvidas quanto à sua semelhança com Cibele. Figura 11: Badly damaged sculpture showing Atargatis and her bearded consort Hadad. (…). He holds a staff in his right hand and something unidentifiable in his left. She sits enthroned between her signature lions, holds what might be a spindle in her right hand, and probably originally had a scepter or staff in her left. A veil floats down from her layered hat, which is topped with a crescent. Roman. Drawing © S. Beaulieu, after a photograph, source unknown. Figura 12: Limestone carving found in the courtyard of the temple of Atargatis at Duro-Europos, still showing traces of paint. Dated 50- 250 CE. (…). The goddess is flanked by lions, holds up her right hand in the blessing gesture, and likely held a scepter or staff in her left. She wears a high hat on wavy hair. What appears to be another bull peers over her left shoulder. Drawing © S. Beaulieu, after Binst 2000: 126. See also Bilde 1990: 167, fig. 2. Figura 13: Atarga-tis Atarga-tis' fish-bodied appearance was worshipped at the ancient middle eastern city of Ascalon (or Ashkelon) in southwest Palestine on the Mediterranean Sea. Inhabited as early as the third millennium B.C., the city was also a seat of worship for the goddess Astarte. Her consort is usually Hadad. Atarga-tis, in Aramaic ‘Atar‘atah, was a Syrian deity, "the great mistress of the North Syrian lands" Rostovtseff called her, commonly known to the ancient Greeks by a shortened form of the name, Derceto or Derketo and as Dea Syria, "Goddess of Syria", occasionally rendered in one word Deasura. She is often now popularly described as the mermaid-goddess, from her fish-bodied appearance at Ascalon and in Diodorus Siculus — a widely accessible source — but which is by no means her universal appearance. As Ataratha she may be recognized by the self-mutilation of her votaries, recorded in a perhaps sensationalist Christian passage from the Book of the Laws of the Countries, one of the oldest works of Syriac prose, an early-third-century product of the school of Bar Daisan (Bardesanes): "In Syria and in Urhâi [Edessa] the men used to castrate themselves in honor of Ataratha. But when King Abgar became a believer, he commanded that anyone who emasculated himself should have a hand cut off. And from that day to the present no one in Urhâi emasculates himself anymore." At Ugarit, cuneiform tablets attest a fecund "Lady Goddess of the Sea" (rabbatu at?iratu yammi), as well as three Canaanite goddesses — Anat, Asherah and Ashtart — who shared many traits and might be worshipped in conjunction or separately during 1500 years of cultural history. The goddess 'Atah worshipped at Palmyra may possibly be in origin identical with 'Anat. 'Atah was combined with 'Ashtart under the name Atar into the goddess 'Atar'atah known to the Hellenes as Atargatis. If this origin for 'Atah is correct, then Atargatis is effectively a combining of 'Ashtart and 'Anat. Terão sido as coisas assim tão simples? Desde logo porque: Athtart (Atar) + Anat (Ata) = Atarata. Athtart (Atar) + Anat (Ata) + Thirat ¹ Atarata. E por estes caminhos se poderia continuar podendo mesmo apanhar atalhos mais rápidos e mais simples como: Ashtar(t) + Attis > Atar-ash-tis > Atarogtis > Atarga-tis, etc.??? Atar + Ag(dos) + (At)tis => Ataragdis ó Atarga-tis ??? Num penhasco deserto, denominado Agdos, na fronteira da Frígia, Cibele era adorada sob a forma de uma pedra negra. Depois, porque as deusas fenícias referidas não eram bem assim denominadas mas antes: Asherah, Anath, Astarte. Depois ainda porque é forte a suspeita de estarmos perante um nome duma deusa que seria a verdadeira antepassada fenícia de Afrodite e possivelmente o nome a que certos autores se refeririam quando postulavam a origem fenícia de Afrodite. > Hator. Atarata < Ha-Tar-at < Ka-Kar-ki-ki > Ha-Phor-Thi-Te > Afrodite. > Ha-Thar-ka-te > Atargate. A fonética da origem taurina das deusas do amor não se ouve bem no nome de Inanna, mas sim no de Anat. Começa a ser explícita a partir da análise dos antecedentes semânticos de Istar. Tendo-se a certeza de que Irnini foi um epíteto de Istar então é possível inferir que este nome constitui o elo de ligação semântico que transformou fonética e nominalmente Inana na deusa guerreira e taurina, que já era ao ser uma deusa mãe leonina e "goddess of love, procreation, and war". Assim, mais do que evolução étmica estes nomes devem ter sido vítimas de corruptelas por homofonia durante a longa fase oral do culto destas divindades. > Sumer. Ashtar-tu ó Istar. > Ash-Taur-at > Hebr. Ashtoreth > Ashtaroth. Atar-ata < A(sh)-Taur- | Hata < Ki-at > Gat | > Atargat(is) > Ashtar-at > Phoen. `Ashtart > `Athtart > Atar. > Ugar. Athirat She is often depicted as fish-tailed, a mermaid, associated with moisture. As vegetation goddess of generation and fertility, she protects her cities; as a moist sky goddess in cloud-like veil with eagles around her head; as a sea-goddess she is dolphin-crowned. She had a sacred pool with holy oracular fish at her temple at the city of Ashkelon. As the partner of Oannes, she is mother of legendary Queen Semiramis, whose sacred animal is the dove, which Semiramis became. During Roman times celebrated by ecstatically dancing eunuch priests of the Dea Syria, and equated with the Anatolian Kybele, whose son Attis was often equated with Adon. As Sammu-rammat was evidently a royal princess of Babylonia, it seems probable that her marriage was arranged with purpose to legitimatize the succession of the Assyrian overlords to the Babylonian throne. The principle of "mother right" was ever popular in those countries where the worship of the Great Mother was perpetuated if not in official at any rate in domestic religion. (…) In Babylonia the fish goddess was Nina, a developed form of Damkina, spouse of Ea of Eridu. In the inscription on the Nebo statue, that god is referred to as the "son of Nudimmud" (Ea). Nina was the goddess who gave her name to Nineveh, and it is possible that Nebo may have been regarded as her son during the Semiramis period. (…) Semiramis was similarly deserted at birth by her Celestial mother. She was protected by doves, and her Assyrian name, Sammu-rammat, is believed to be derived from "Summat"--"dove", and to signify "the dove goddess loveth her". Simmas, the chief of royal shepherds, found the child and adopted her. (…) After her death she was worshipped as a dove goddess like "Our Lady of Trees and Doves" in Cyprus, whose shrine at old Paphos was founded, Herodotus says, by Phoenician colonists from Askalon. Fish and doves were sacred to Derceto (Attar), who had a mermaid form. "I have beheld", says Lucian, "the image of Derceto in Phoenicia. A marvellous spectacle it is. One half is a woman, but the part which extends from thighs to feet terminates with the tail of a fish." Derceto was supposed to have been a woman who threw herself in despair into a lake. After death she was adored as a goddess and her worshippers abstained from eating fish, except sacrificially. A golden image of a fish was suspended in her temple. Atar-gatis, who was identical with Der-ceto, was reputed in another form of the legend to have been born of an egg which the sacred fishes found in the Euphrates and thrust ashore. The Greek Aphrodite was born of the froth of the sea and floated in a sea-shell. Obviamente que o nome Sam-mu-ram-mat, escrito em sumeriogramas poderia ser uma forma ortográfica complexa cuja leitura fonética seria menos literal e mais próxima do que restou do nome por via helenista. Sam-mu-ram-mat < *Ash-Myra-Mat > Samiramish > Semeramis. Segundo dizem os órficos, Eurinome foi uma arcaica rainha dos Gigantes que governou o Olimpo ao lado da cobra Ofião, seu filho e marido. Na guerra da titanomaquia foi derrotada por Crono e Rea que os lançaram no mar que cerca os Oceanos. O nome de Eurinome pensa-se derivado do grego eurys "largo", "mar alto", e "nomos" que rege ou de “nomia", terras de pasto. Foi identificada de perto com outra Eurynome, uma das esposas de Zeus e mãe das três Graças. Eurínome foi a princípio o protótipo da Deusa Mãe Criadora grega e a mais importante divindade dos pelasgos, o povo que ocupou a região da Grécia em tempos pré-históricos antes da invasão jônica e dórica. O nome significa algo como "aquela que governa de longe", e oseu culto se espalhou por todo o Mediterrâneo, servindo de base para a maioria das religiões da região. Eurínome está associada ao mar e dentre os títulos atribuídos a ela, alguns são a Grande Deusa, Mãe Primordial, a Criadora do Universo, a Governanta, Deusa do Universo, Deusa de Tudo, e Aquela Que Se Move Na Eternidade. Figura 14: Eurinome em forma de peixe é morfologicamente parecida com Artemisa de Éfeso. "O rio Lymax (Depois do Nascimento) entra no Neda [na Arkadia]. Onde os fluxos se encontram está o santuário de Eurynome, uma velha mancha santa de difícil acesso por causa da aspereza do chão. Ao redor há muitos ciprestes crescendo muito juntos. Ali as pessoas de Phigalia acreditam que Eurynome é um sobrenome de Artemis. Porém, Alguns deles a quem chegaram antigas tradições, declaram que Eurynome era uma filha de Okeanos que Homero menciona no Iliada, dizendo que junto com Thetis ela recebeu Hephaistos. – Pausânias, Descrições da Gécia 8. 41. Se Eurinome era uma titânide pré-olímpica criadora natural seria que fosse a Deusa Mãe das cobras dos cretenses. A etimologia do nome proposta a partir do nome grego eurys "largo", "mar alto" apenas nos reposta para um deusa do mar como era de facto e por direito morfológico já que é a única deusa grega com cauda de peixe. Eurinome será assim apenas Irene, a verdadeira Mãe das suaves correntes da Aurora, ou um dos numenes, ninfas ou naides, dos bons fluxos marítimos da civilização cretense possivelmente correlativa em importância de Inana / Irinina. Supõe-se que Eurinome seria conhecida entre os judeus de Elefantica como esposa de Jeová com o nome Anat-Yahu (Anat-Yahweh) e que em sumério significaria a "pomba sublime" da Sabedoria. No entanto o nome específico desta deusa seria Der-ceto, a baleia Der, seguramente a cretense *Ker-tu. Ver: EUROPA(***) Derceto, (Dérceto, o Dércetis, según qué autores se consulten) es una diosa en la mitología siria, a la que representaban en forma de pez con cabeza, brazos y pecho de mujer; por lo que fue confundida con Dagón, que igualmente aparecía en las iconografías como semipez, aunque su parte humana era masculina. Que sepamos, sólo esta diosa y Eurínome fueron representadas por los griegos, entre las diosas femeninas, con la misma morfología anfibia. El hecho de representarla con medio cuerpo de pez se debe a la leyenda referida por Diodoro Sículo en la que Derceto (Dérceto) ofendió a Venus y entonces la diosa le inspiró una pasión ciega hacia uno de los que le ofrecían sacrificios en el templo (Caístro). De esta pasión nació una niña, Semíramis, que llegaría a ser reina de Babilonia. Después de nacer su hija, también por obra de Venus, acabó el amor que Derceto sentía por ella, y al que siguió el conocimiento de su falta y la vergüenza de haberla cometido. Derceto, llena de ira, abandonó a su hija, hizo matar al hombre a quien había amado y se arrojó al agua dispuesta a darse muerte, lo que los dioses no permitieron. Así dio origen a su morfología anfibia. Figura 15: Montfaucon's Antiquities. Dianas várias. At the renowned Nabataean capital Petra, Atargatis’s cult was not very important, but there is some evidence of the goddess’s presence there (Taylor 2002: 132; Lindner and Zangenberg 1993). She might have been identified with the Arabian goddess Al-`Uzza, the Venus star, who was the tutelary deity of Petra. Like her, Atargatis had a close association with springs and water. At Petra is a sanctuary that archaeologists named the Temple of the Winged Lions (Healey 2001: 42-44). It may have been dedicated to an Atargatis-like goddess (Hammond 1990). In the West she was usually called Dea Syria, the “Syrian Goddess.” Atargatis reached Rome during the first Punic War (264-241 BCE). By the time of the Roman novelist Apuleius, around 150-160 CE, the goddess’s begging eunuch priests had become notorious. In his story The Golden Ass, he described how a disreputable band of wandering followers of the goddess acquired Lucius in his donkey form and used him to carry the silk-bedecked image of their “foreign” goddess (195-199). The goddess he praised as “omnipotent and omniparent [all-generating]” (195), while he dismissed the priests as “lewd and very naughty fellows” (196). In the novel Lucius was restored to human form by the great goddess Isis (261-272). The variations in the iconography of Atargatis resulted from her being identified with so many local goddesses, as well as great goddesses such as the Egyptian Isis. A splendid Egyptianized statue of her, complete with encircling snake, stood on the Janiculum in Rome in the 3rd century CE (Godwin 1981: 158 Plate 124). From Hieropolis in northern Syria, then, the cult of Atargatis disseminated all through Syria, northern Mesopotamia, the Mediterranean area, and the western part of the Greco-Roman world, even to Britain (Lightfoot 2003: 59). -- Atargatis, the “Syrian Goddess”, by Johanna Stuckey. Figura 16: Bust of a fishy, watery goddess sculpted in high relief on a white limestone block. Framed by a scallop design. Goddess has wavy, water-like hair, huge fish-like eyes, and a veil topped by two fish. From the Nabataean temple at Khirbet Et-Tannur, Transjordan, and dated to the end of the 1st century BCE/ beginning of the 1st century CE. Drawing © S. Beaulieu, after Binst 2000: 182. See also Bilde 1990: 169. CIBELE Cibele ou Cíbele (do frígio Matar Kubileya/Kubeleya "Mãe Kubeleya", talvez "Mãe da Montanha"; grego Κυβέλη, Kybele, Κυβήβη, Kybebe ou Κύβελις, Kybelis), chamada Basileia ou Basilia (do grego Basíleia, "rainha") por Evêmero e Diodoro da Sicília, era a divindade frígia da Terra-Mãe, depois adoptada por gregos e romanos e sincretizada com suas divindades nativas. Walter Burkert, que trata Cibele entre os "deuses estrangeiros" na religião grega, nota que "O culto da Grande Mãe, Meter, apresenta um quadro complexo, visto que uma tradição indígena minoica-micênica foi entrelaçada com um culto tomado directamente do reino da Frígia, na Ásia Menor, onde era designada por Mãe dos Deuses ou Grande Mãe. Personificava a terra no aspecto mais primitivo e selvagem e era adorada no alto das montanhas. Era a Grande Mãe Terra, senhora da vida e da morte e a que garantia o fornecimento e fartura de todos os alimento. Assim como a grega Gaia e sua equivalente cretense Reia, com as quais veio a ser sincretizada, Cibele personifica a terra fértil. É deusa das cavernas e montanhas, muralhas e fortalezas, natureza e dos animais selvagens, principalmente dos leões e das abelhas. O antigo título grego, Potnia Theron, também associado à Grande Mãe cretense, alude a suas raízes neolíticas como "Senhora dos Animais". Era representada, frequentemente, com uma coroa de torres, com leões por perto ou num carro puxado por estes animais. Cibele é frequentemente identificada com a deusa hitita e hurrita Hebat, que pode ser a origem da deusa puramente anatólia Kubaba. Os gregos frequentemente combinavam os dois nomes, o anatólio e o frígio, para se referirem a esta divindade. A deusa era também conhecida entre os gregos como Μήτηρ Ὀρεία ("Mãe Montanha") ou Idaia, aludindo a uma montanha sagrada da Anatólia em particular, o monte Ida, ou ainda Dindímena ou Sipilena, com relação a seus montes sagrados Díndimo (geralmente localizado na Mísia) e Sipilo. Segundo os gregos, esta deusa seria apenas uma encarnação de Reia, adorada no monte Cibele, na Frígia e que em Roma era venerada como Magna Mater, "Grande Mãe" ou como Mater Nostri, "Nossa Mãe". O seu culto começou na Ásia Menor e espalhou-se por diversos territórios gregos, mantendo a sua popularidade até, depois de um augúrio da Sibila de Cumas, segundo o qual Roma não derrotaria o cartaginês Aníbal enquanto seu culto não fosse estabelecido em Roma, os romanos, tendo, para isso, mandado vir de Pessinunte, em 240 a.C., uma pedra negra que a simbolizava e lhe edificaram um templo no Palatino. Por isso, tornou-se uma das deusas favoritas dos legionários romanos e seu culto espalhou-se pelos acampamentos e colónias militares. Era identificada com a romana Ceres, deusa do grão que era uma contraparte aproximada da grega Deméter, mas que tinha características diferentes e era venerada com outro culto. Tornou-se uma divindade da vida, morte e renascimento em relação com a ressurreição de seu filho e consorte, Átis. Está também relacionada com a lenda de Agdístise.[3] Figura 17: Cibele Romana. O seu culto incluía manifestações orgíacas, como era próprio dos deuses relacionados com a fertilidade, celebrados pelos Curetes ou Coribantes. The Corybantes (also known as Galli, from the river Gallos in Asia Minor) were eunuch priests who followed Cybele with wild, savage dances and intoxicating music on her mountain travels. It was believed that they castrated themselves out of sympathy for, and in honour and imitation of, Atys, a beautiful shepherd who, driven mad by Cybele unmanned himself. Kotys, Kottyto era uma deusa grega da Traça adorada em festins báquicos. Cybele was involved with sacred prostitution, sacrifice in the form of castration and fertility rituals focusing on Attis, one of the many vegetation-gods. The cult of this Phrygian goddess has resulted in archeological monuments ranging in time from 6.000 BCE to the end of the Roman Empire, and recent finds have established that she was also worshipped among the Thracian peoples. In his work on the Christian Black Virgins and their origins, Ean Begg relates Cybele to the Ka'aba: "Her name is etymologically linked with the words for crypt, cave, head and dome and is distantly related to the Ka'aba, the cube-shaped Holy of Holies in Mecca that contains the feminine black stone venerated by Islam" Begg, p.57. Cybele, like the Ephesian Artemis and many other goddesses, was also venerated in the form of a black stone. Once this stone had been brought to Rome, both stone and goddess were worshipped in the Roman Empire until the 4th century CE. Greco-Romans as well as some oriental peoples worshipped the deity known as Cybele, Cybebe or Agdistis. Her full official Roman name was Mater Deum Magna Idaea (Great Idaean Mother of the Gods).. Cibele foi a grande Deusa Mãe Terra que os romanos trouxeram da Frígia, terra dos homens livres, para protecção da civilidade da sua cidade imperial. Monte Ida, também conhecido como Idha, Ídhi, Idi e agora Psiloritis, é a montanha mais alta de Creta, outrora consagrado à Deusa Reia, e na qual jaz a caverna onde Zeus se supunha ter sido nascido e criado. Outro Monte Ida na Phrygia era também sagrado à Grande Deusa Mãe Cibele, que, por isso era chamada frequentemente Mater Idae. Idaea,[4] era um dos nomes de Rhea por ser adorada no monte Ida, o mais alto de Creta. Em conclusão, Cibele seria uma variante do nome de Reha emigrada para a Frigia por lídios saídos de Creta, possivelmente na época dos povos do mar. Por sua vez estas deusas seriam uma evolução de Ki / Gea. Literalmente Cíbel < Ki- | Bel + tea = Beltia |. Beltia (babilônica) = "A Senhora", reinando nos céus. Seus adoradores exaltavam-na, dizendo que ela estava acima de todos os deuses e tinha a capacidade de aliviar sofrimentos, dar vida, alegria e prazer. Idaea = Ida-Eha, seria assim literalmente “a (esposa e mãe) do monte Ida < Idha | Ithka < Ishka < Ídhi > Idi > iti => (Psil-or)-iti(s). O significativo e o facto de mesmo a mitologia da latinidade manifestar antigas relações fundadoras com a ilha de Creta, coisa que na mitologia grega é demasiado frequente o que só pode significar que grande parte da tradição mitológica greco-latina teve origem na arcaica civilização cretense, mesmo que posteriormente tenha vindo a sofrer influencias doutros quadrantes e mesmo remanejamentos autóctones. ó Ki-Te-Ja > Kau-Ti-| asha > at = tu | > Kottyto. < Hi-Theia < Ki Gaia? => Kauti-ish > Ko-tys. Ma-g(i)na Ma-ter º Ma-ter Te(or)um º Ma-Theia > Medeia. Ver: OPS (***) & CERES (***) For one of these reasons Strife threw an apple as a prize of beauty to be contended for by Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite; and Zeus commanded Hermes to lead them to Alexander on Ida in order to be judged by him. --- Apollodorus, Library and Epitome (ed. Sir James George Frazer). No monte Ida na Ásia Menor Ganimédes foi sequestrado por Zeus; Anquises foi ali seduzido por Afrodite e, também ali, esta pariu Eneias. Foi aqui que Paris viveu como pastor, onde as ninfas viveram, onde o "Julgamento de Paris" aconteceu, onde os deuses gregos assistiram à Guerra de Tróia, onde Hera distraiu Zeus com as suas longas seduções para permitir aos Aqueus, com a ajuda de Poseidon, aguentarem os Troianos fora dos seus navios, e onde Eneias e os seus seguidores descansaram e esperaram até que os gregos partiram para a Grécia.[5] A importância mítica do monte Ida ficou atestada no “Julgamento de Paris” onde, nem por acaso, se decidiu o destino mítico da Deusa Mãe mais bela do universo! Idê, Dor. ida = árvore de corte para madeira ou lenha => lenho ou madeiro. Quer isto dizer que, pelo menos no plano metafórico, o monte Ida sempre terá sido um lugar de culto ao nome da Deusa Mãe, seguramente na forma de imagens de madeira. De resto, Ashera, a Deusa Mãe canaanita era representada por um tronco de árvore, a «árvore da vida», e o conceito do trono estava ligado ao poder matriarcal! No entanto é bem possível que esta relação com o monte Ida seja o resultado de um mero equívoco em torno do verdadeiro nome da deusa que antecedeu Cibele no controlo das chaves da cidade de Roma, porque o nome original desta deusa seria Cardea. It was only in the second century before the Christian era that the worship of Cybele, under that name, was introduced into Rome; but the same goddess, under the name of Cardea, with the "power of the key," was worshipped in Rome, along with Janus, ages before. OVID's Fasti. .[6] Ver: TRONO (***) & HULUPPU (***) & CARDEA(***) Um dos epitetos latinos de Cibele foi Dindymena domina "agite ite ad alta, Gallae, Cybeles nemora simul, simul ite, Dindymenae dominae vaga pecora, aliena quae petentes velut exiles loca sectam mean executae duce me mihi comites rapidum salum tulistis truculentaque pelagi et corpus evirastis Veneris nimio odio. hilatate aere citatis erroribus animum. – Catullus. Dindymena < Thinthy | < Dinadea, lit. “deusa Diana” |-Mean. The people of Dyme have a temple of Athena with an extremely ancient image; they have as well a sanctuary built for the Dindymenian mother and Attis. --- Paus. 7.17.9. Dindymenian = Dindymene(an), lit. «Diana ou Dinamene (= Din), a deusa (= dy) minoica (= meni-an)» > Lat. Dindym(us). Dindy < Dian(a)-Thu < Ki-Antu < Ki-(an)-Kika > Hideia > Idaea. > Tanat. The cult became one of the most popular during the time of the empire. The center of the cult in Italy was at Pessinus on Mount Dindymus. The annual festival held in her honor from the fifteenth of March to the twenty-seventh was quite a bloody affair. Figura 18: Cibele & Atis. Nesta lápide dedicada a M.D.M.I (Mater Deum Magna Idaea) [7]a versão latina do mito frígio de Cibele aparece suficientemente explícito para nos permitir concluir que se trata de uma mera variante do mito grego de Deméter, ou seja uma variante fonética do nome da mesma arcaica Deusa Mãe dos cultos agrários das ilha mediterrânicas. Os dois leões são também inequívocos símbolos da Deusa Mãe. A este devem estar associadas as expressões rituais da lápide anterior: «LCORNELIVS SCPIO OREITVS V.C. | AVGVR TAVROBOLIUM SIVE CRIOBO(-?)LIUM FECIT = o augure sacrificou touros e carneiros | DIE IIII KAL(endas). MART.». Notar que as «calendas», de que deriva o calendário, aparecem aqui numa grafia arcaica que parece a do hitita Kal, por sua vez derivado de *Kar, um deus etimologicamente correlacionado com Cardea e com Jano por sinal, deus do espaço e do tempo e do calendário a quem era dedicado o primeiro mês do ano e o primeiro dia de cada mês! Que tenha ou não sido assim, a verdade é que a deusa Ki, a mais primordial de todas as deusas da antiguidade, e mais amada das deusas sumérias, deve ter sido o protótipo das deusas mães de que Cibele seria a representante frigia senão mesmo um mero epíteto anatólico da Grande Deusa Mãe Terra que seria a egeia Gaia, a cretense Reia e a Telus latina. Agdistis < Agsthitis < *Sag-Tite < Kaka-Kiki > Kakish > Hecate»? Na verdade, existem dúvidas sobre se Agdistis seria nome da Deusa Mãe ou... de um dos seus filhos! A verdade é que são muitas as representações em que a filha de Deméter é representada com tochas como Hecate, precisamente em nome das suas funções de rainha dos infernos. Outra possibilidade bem mais plausível seria Agdistis = Ag-dis-tis < (Aka)-Dis-te(o)s < Ag-Dy-stis < (Aka) Ky-Asht < *Ki-ash = Ash-Ki, lit. filho/a de Ki = Attis => Ki-tu > Thithu > Dido, seguramente outro nome de Tanit. Cybele is often shown in a chariot drawn by lions. During the rites a pine tree was cut down and brought to her shrine to be worshipped as a god. On March 24 "the Day of Blood" the chief priests cut their arms and offered the blood to Cybele as a sacrifice. The lower clergy spun themselves about the shrine slashing away at their own bodies to spatter the deity's statue with their blood. The cult members all carried the statue down to the Almo River, a tributary of the Tiber, to be cleaned. Do nome de Cibele podemos inferir que o seu culto não passava de uma variante do culto a Ceres. De facto, as imagens mais frequentes de Cibele além do feixe de espigas loiras ao sol, comum a Deméter, apresentam a «bola» de pão ázimo que mais parece um disco solar. Na verdade, tanto poderia ter sido uma peneira como a pandeireta festiva que se supõe ter sido! De facto, Deméter, a deusa mãe de Korê/Perséfone, era deusa dos cereais, seguramente a mesma que Ceres. Nas «Cartas Fenícias» Rimon, o deus da romã, é casada com Shalla, que não era senão Ceres. Shalla < Shar-la < *Kur-la > Carla > Kalli? Ceres < Kerish, lit. *Kertu, filha do *Kur» => Ishtar Claro que a primeira aproximação étmica do nome de Cibele < Kiwel reporta-nos para Hiwel Ziwa, o velho deus mandaeno do fogo supremo! As cobras aladas e os colos de cisne das iconografias da deusa mãe mais não fazem do que prestar homenagem à reminiscência étmica da *Kiphura, a deusa mãe das cobras cretenses! Assim, foi uma poderosa Deusa Mãe de cultos sibilinos de morte e ressurreição e, por isso mesmo uma deusa de profecias e artes mágicas relacionadas com a herança arcaica do culto das cobras cretenses. Por isso as sacerdotisas da Deusa Mãe eram Pitonisas, não tanto supostamente por causa de Apolo Pítio mas seguramente por ter sido Afrodite Quitana a antiga deusa mãe de Delfos, Senhora do Pito. Os gregos davam o nome de Pitonisas a todas as mulheres que tinham a profissão de adivinhas, porque o deus da adivinhação, Apolo, era cognominado de Pítio, quer por haver matado a serpente-dragão Píton, quer por ter estabelecido o seu oráculo em Delfos, cidade primitivamente chamada Pito. Mas mais próximas de Cibel foram as «Sibilas» que por serem sacerdotisas da adivinhação fazem desta Deusa Mãe telúrica uma variante da deusa das cobras cretense. Ficou muito conhecida certa Sibila que habitava Cumes, localidade onde Apolo possuía um belo templo, embora inferior ao de Delfos. Afirma-se que, aí, a Pitonisa chegava a escrever as profecias do deus. Na verdade foram os escritos chamados "Livros Sibilinos", que mais tarde foram para Roma, onde eram altamente apreciados, tendo-se entregue a sua guarda a um corpo de sacerdotes, chamados Díumviros. Estranho é nunca se ter dado conta de que a cabala judaica seria assim a sobrevivência as sabedoria sodomita na pele da serpente do Paraíso perdido. "The Qabalah may be defined as being the esoteric Jewish doctrine. It is called in Hebrew QBLH, Qabalah, which is derived from the root QBL, Qibel, meaning 'to receive'. This appellation refers to the custom of handing down the esoteric tradition by oral transmission, and is nearly allied to 'tradition'." -- - McGregor Mathers, Introduction to The Kabbalah Unveiled. > Taweret «Cabala» = Qabalah < Q(i)B(e)L(e)H < Ki-wer-et > Kibel > Cibel. Cibel, a grande Deusa Mãe da Terra que recebe os mortos no seu seio e guarda os segredos das árvores mágicas da sabedoria da vida e da morte. O TRONO DE CIBELE Figura 19: Ki de Catalhoyuk, (a Deusa mãe em posição de parto?). Figura 20: Cibele em cópia romana. Que esta deusa era já formalmente Cibele prova-o o facto de estar coroada com a dignidade de senhora da localidade que a adorava. Sentada num trono cujos braços eram já as leoas protectoras de Cibele, a Matrona de Catalhoyuk era já um esboço da majestade com que a tradição romana posterior a consagrou! Magna Mater. "The Great Mother". An earth Goddess from Pessinus. The 'great mother' (of the gods), the Roman name for the Phrygian goddess Cybele, but also an appellation of Rhea. Maiesta. The Roman goddess of honor and reverence, and the wife of the god Vulcan. Some sources say that the month of May is named after her. Offerings were made to her in this month. Others say she is the goddess Maia. She is associated with Vulcan and sometimes equated with Fauna and Ops. Pois bem, Matrona < Ma-Tro-ana, a deusa do trono < *Ma-Kur-Ana > Macarena! Magna < Ma-Gina < Ma-Kina < Ma-Kali < Ma-Kur-la > Ma-Galla > *Megala *Megala + ash > Megalesia, Maya < Ma-Ki-ash > Ma-Gesta > Maiestas... todos diriam que estamos perante adjectivos comuns relativos à várias Deusas Mães quando na verdade estamos diante da mesma entidade de cujos variados epítetos heterónimos e invocações litúrgicas determinaram adjectivos tais como o nome primaveril do mês de «Maio» e dos adjectivos relativos à «magnitude» e à «majestade» que foram o apanágio desta deusa desde os tempos recuados do patriarcado que foi a condição política original da humanidade! Figura 21: Artemisa de Efeso, [8] a deusa que em vez do trono tem à cabeça toda a cidade! The Megalesia is the festival of the Magna Mater, or Cybele, whose sacred black stone brought to Roma from Phrygia on the fourth day of Aprilis. It is celebrated by Games and theatrical performances.The holy goddess Artemis, the most sacred of all in Anatolia, had a long history of evolution going back may be thousands of years. The earliest forms of Artemis statues were found in Catalhoyuk and Hacilar, central Anatolia. The most famous of all the goddesses and gods in Anatolia was Kybele, first known name of Artemis. Then the same goddess earned a wide respect and acceptance from Roma to Mesopotamia and even in Arabia. Arabs named her Lat, Egyptians Isis, Romans Diana, Ionians Artemis.. -- THE ARTEMIS TEMPLE (Ephesus), Copyright © 1997 Focus Multimedia. Cibele, a deusa Frígia da Anatólia, não era senão uma versão local de Ki, a arcaica deusa dos registos sumérios e que terá sido a Deusa Mãe da humanidade do neolítico. Cibele < Ki-Wer, lit. «a terra montanhosa» (caçadora e guerreira) < Ki-Pher, lit. *Kiphura das cobras cretenses < Ki-Kura Cibele < Ki-wer < Ki-Kur = Kiki-Ur = Ur-kika => Ø Sumer. Urash > Urat > Ulat > Lat + Ana > Latona. Ø Ruhiha > Rhea. Ver: CAVERNA (***) & AURORA (***) INANA (***) CASTIDADE, CASTRADOS E PECADO NEFANDO. Funcionalmente o mito de Cibele teve seguramente um papel importante na integração do matriarcado na organização patriarcal emergente depois da queda do império minóico! As fases deste culto evoluíram primeiro pela forma mais tenebrosa e arcaica de sacrifícios humanos de estrangeiros e de crianças em cultos de fertilidade agrícola praticados no tempo da deusa mãe das cobras cretenses *Kertu ainda presente entre os fenícios e depois pela prostituição sagrada ainda presente na cultura caldeia da época clássica. A tradição grega teria mantido sempre resquícios destas arcaicas tradições nos seus cultos orgiáticos paroxísticos nas festas dionisíacas. Por outro lado, a instituição da homossexualidade pederástica herdada dos cretenses terá permitido aos gregos equilibrar socialmente o intrusão do patriarcado numa geografia humana insular sem grandes nem graves conflitos éticos e sociais. Pelo contrário, a eficácia da organização patriarcal no progresso e desenvolvimento da agricultura e da pastorícia oriental terão impedido a sobrevivência do poder matriarcal fora de situações extremas e fechadas dos haréns que implicavam a instituição dos eunucos que os guardavam e que necessitou da criação duma mística capaz de tornar o instituto dos eunucos como digna e atractiva pela via da sacralização do fanatismo esquizofrénico da auto-castração em honra da grande deusa mãe Cibele. O terceiro dia da festa era chamado "dies sanguinis". Nele a expressão emocional por Átis alcançava o máximo. Cantos e lamúrias misturavam-se, e o abandono emocional levava a um auge orgiástico. Então, num frenesi religioso, os jovens começavam a se ferir com facas; alguns até executavam o sacrifício último, castrando-se frente à imagem da Deusa e jogando as partes ensanguentadas sobre sua estátua. Outros corriam sangrando pelas ruas e atiravam os órgãos para dentro de alguma casa por onde passavam. Esta casa era então obrigada a suprir o jovem com roupas de mulher que se tornaria assim num sacerdote eunuco. Estas festas seriam já a sublimação de arcaicos ritos de expiação colectiva ainda muito mais macabros e sangrentos celebrados na canícula do fim do inverno com sacrifícios humanos e de autoflagelação de que as festas xiitas islâmicas do dia da festa Ashur seriam a sobrevivente oriental e os flagelados ibéricos os sobreviventes ocidentais. Por outro lado há que suspeitar que o nome islâmico da festa do Ashur terá o martírio de Husayn ibn Ali como mero álibi. Na verdade, os sunitas também celebram o dia mas como sendo aquele em que Moisés jejuou pela liberação dos judeus do Egipto o que por sua vez seria uma herança recente do culto assírio ao deus do sol Ashur que por sua vez a sobrevivência de festivais muito mais arcaicos em honra do “deus menino” pascal, filho querido da Deusa Mãe *Kertu, pelo que inevitavelmente a etimologia dos nomes de ambas as realidades estariam relacionadas com o nome de Cibele por meio de Dea Syria / Deasura. Ver: A ORIGEM DO CANIBALISMO Ameríndio (***) No limite, estamos perante manifestações estilizadas e estigmatizadas de sujeição totalitária à ordem mafiosa da família patriarcal e aristocrática protegida pela grande deusa mãe que tinha por origem o poder inquestionável da camorra dos castrati e dos padres que aceitavam os votos de castidade. Estava assim aberto o caminho para um novo natalismo sem controlo de natalidade (que a pederastia iniciática helénica em parte permitiam, por actuar durante o período mais activo e fértil dos machos dominantes) através da instituição dos eunucos sagrados, castrados de facto no paroxismo ritual do "dies sanguinis" ou apenas em espírito e feitos monges com votos de renúncia a todos os desejos e ambições da carne. 8 Disse-lhes ele: Moisés, por causa da dureza do vosso coração, vos permitiu repudiar vossa mulher; mas, ao princípio, não foi assim. 9 Eu vos digo, porém, que qualquer que repudiar sua mulher, não sendo por causa de prostituição, e casar com outra, comete adultério; e o que casar com a repudiada também comete adultério. 10 Disseram-lhe seus discípulos: Se assim é a condição do homem relativamente à mulher, não convém casar 1 Ele, porém, lhes disse: Nem todos podem receber esta palavra, mas só aqueles a quem foi concedido. 12 Porque há eunucos que assim nasceram do ventre da mãe; e há eunucos que foram castrados pelos homens; e há eunucos que se castraram a si mesmos por causa do Reino dos céus. Quem pode receber isso, que o receba. – Mateus 19: 8-12. [1] Later, her cult spread, and her name was adapted for the main goddess of the Hittite successor-kingdoms in Anatolia, and later developed into Phrygian Cybele, as Mark Munn has demonstrated in detail (Munn 2004). Phrygian inscriptions with her image in rock-cut sculptures identify her as matar ("mother") and, in one instance matar kubileya. The Phrygian goddess otherwise bears little resemblance to Kubaba, who was a sovereign deity at Sardis, known to Greeks as Kybebe (Herodotus] 5.102.1, noted by Munn 2004). In the Aramaean period that followed Heba became Hawah, the Syrian snake Goddess and mother of all living, who emerged in the Bible as Eve. [2] Equações etimológicas demasiado complexas como a seguinte, são pouco credíveis: Los Moschi (Tubal y Mesec) mencionados por varios historiadores clásicos y los Sasper, sus posibles descendientes (nombrados por Heródoto), podrían haber tenido un papel relevante en la consolidación de las tribus de la región. Probablemente, el origen etimológico de «Iberia» derive de su nombre (Sasper >Speri >Hberi >Iberi). [3] Retirado Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. [4] “another name of Rhea because she was worshipped on Mount Ida”. [5] Mount Ida in Asia Minor is where Ganymede was abducted by Zeus, where Anchises was seduced by Aphrodite, where Aphrodite gave birth to Aeneas, where Paris lived as a shepherd, where the nymphs lived, where the "Judgement of Paris" took place, where the Greek gods watched the Trojan War, where Hera distracted Zeus with her seductions long enough to permit the Achaeans, aided by Poseidon, to hold the Trojans off their ships, and where Aeneas and his followers rested and waited until the Greeks set out for Greece. -- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [6] The Sovereign Pontiff The Two Babylons, Alexander Hislop, [7] The formula D.M. ( = Dis Manibus; "dedicated to the Manes-gods") can often be found on tombstones. Então seria Mater Dis Manibus | Ivno = Imporcitor Indigites Dii Indivia Inferi Dii Inuus = Ivturna? [8] Imagem ciberneticamente «trabalhada» de cópia romana de um museu da Turquia.
Pure Symbols Of Sophistication: Here Are The Most Unique Superyachts

Yacht

Superyachts are the essence, personification, and epitome of a luxury lifestyle. The yachting life is one filled with luxury, relaxation, sophistication, and class. Only the world’s richest people with unparalleled wealth, capital and prosperity can afford this unique extravagance: the yachting luxury lifestyle comprises the height of superiority and luxury. If you want to discover which are the most unique superyachts in the world, here is an outstanding selection of the sailing world. #1 AZZAM Azzam is the world’s biggest private modern yacht and one of the most unique superyachts. The exterior design was created by Nauta Design, while the luxury interior design was built by Christophe Leoni. As a perfect symbol of a luxury lifestyle, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the President of the United Arab Emirates and Ruler of Abu Dhabi is the owner of this superyacht. Featuring more than fifty contemporary suites with modern interior design, the Azzam also has a missile defense system. #2 HISTORY SUPREME Known as being of the most expensive superyachts, the History Supreme is a creative masterpiece by Stuart Hughes. With a deck, a contemporary dining area, and a sparkling anchor - all crafted from precious metals - this luxury yacht was made of solid gold and it was reportedly sold to an anonymous Malaysian businessman in 2011. One amazing curiosity: inside the marvelous yacht, there is a statue made out of a T-Rex’s bone and many exclusive pieces such as meteorite parts. #3 SERENE Constructed in 2011 by Fincantieri, featuring exterior design by Espen Oeino and an interior by Luca Dini and Reymond Langton, the Serene is one the largest superyachts on the planet. Launched for the first time into Italian waters, this modern yacht was acquired for 500 million euros in 2015 by Mohammed bin Salman, the deputy crown prince of Saudi Arabia. This superyacht contains one luxury master suite, one VIP stateroom, ten double cabins, and one twin cabin: the perfect yacht to live a unique experience. See also: Discover The 10 Most Remarkable Superyacht Top Interior Designers #4 DILBAR Launched in 2016 and built by Lürssen, Dilbar is a luxury mega yacht that features two helipads, a large indoor swimming pool on the main deck and also a 3,800 square meters of living space area. Recognized as one of the world’s largest superyachts measured by volume, Dilbar is designed by Espen Oeino and presents a modern interior design by Winch Design. With an aluminum super construction, all the unique design details of this superyacht are outstanding and terrific. #5 OCTOPUS Owned by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, The Octopus superyacht contains a helicopter pad and garage aft and can also accept a second helicopter on the bows. With accommodation for more than twenty exclusive guests in thirteen cabins, Octopus is a capable modern yacht to live a marvelous experience and to explore the world. Delivering a high-class service, this is one of the unique superyachts that features a private bar, jacuzzi, a movie theater, and a contemporary dining room. #6 PELORUS Launched in 2003 and built by Lürssen, the Pelorus is a sailing masterwork by Tim Heywood, who planned the exterior design, and Terence Disdale, who created all the contemporary interior design. Perfect for someone who lives a luxury lifestyle, this is one of the superyachts that comprises two helicopter pads, a spa pool, a stunning swimming pool with an artificial current and a master suite that offers fantastic panoramic views. #7 DUBAI Measuring more than 160 meters, Dubai is the second-largest private superyacht in the world. Internationally recognized for sophisticated lines and a modern aluminum structure, this luxury yacht was launched in 2006 and was designed by Andrew Winch and for Platinum Yachts in the United Arab Emirates. Inside this mega yacht, it is possible to get amazed by all the luxury interior design featuring bold colors and detailed craftsmanship masterpieces as handmade mosaics. One of the most marvelous superyachts in the world! #8 TOPAZ A+ YACHT Owned by billionaire Mansour bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and member of the Abu Dhabi Royal Family, this modern mega yacht is one of the largest luxury boats in the world. Unique, elegant and exclusive: three perfect words that can describe this superyacht fully equipped by a gym, a swimming pool, a conference room, a movie theatre and also two helipads. #9 ECLIPSE The Eclipse is one of the most contemporary superyachts that belongs to Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich. Including two helicopter pads, more than twenty guest cabins, a remarkable disco hall, two incredible swimming pools, Eclipse is one of the most expensive superyachts and a flawless synonym for luxury: capable for amazing adventures all around the world, this luxury yacht features an ultra-advanced stabilizations structure. #10 CHRISTINA O Christina O is one of the most emblematic and iconic superyachts of all times: this historic yacht houses some of the most famous personalities in the world: Marylin Monroe, John F Kennedy, Frank Sinatra, and Winston Churchill. Delivering a striking interior design filled with luxury furniture pieces and providing incredible comfort, Christina O is the greatest glamorous and superb superyacht, the true Queen of the Superyacht World. See also: What To Do In Miami During Fort Lauderdale International Boat Show’19 | The most stylish and sophisticated contemporary home inspirations are here! Showcasing inspirational interiors and offering its readers a wealth of creative ideas and design expertise to draw upon. A place where design and decoration meet ideas and inspiration.
WO2003057724A1 - Dab9 DERIVATIVES OF LIPOPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME

Amino Acids

Description Dab9 DERIVATIVES OF LIPOPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to derivatives of lipopeptide antibiotics of the amphomycin type, methods and intermediates for their preparation and methods for their use as pharmacologically active substances, in particular against infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Description of the Related Art Secondary metabolites from microorganisms are successfully employed for the treatment of infectious diseases. Secondary metabolites are low molecular weight compounds produced by "biosynthetic one-way streets" which branch off from the primary metabolism. The function of the secondary metabolites for the particular producer is unclear. To date, about 8000 secondary metabolites isolated from cultures of various microorganisms (especially fungi and bacteria of the genus Streptomyces) are known. These secondary metabolites are mainly used to treat infectious diseases. One important class of such secondary metabolites is the amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics. The amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics display their antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as, for example, Streptococci, Staphylococci and Enterococci and consist of a macrocyclic peptide "core" acylated at its N-terminus with a lipophilic fatty acid. The amphomycin-type antibiotics are generally produced as mixtures of compounds that differ with respect to the structures of their macrocyclic peptide cores and/or their fatty acid moieties. Examples of such amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics include: amphomycin (glumamycin) Heinemann et al., 1953, Antibiot. Chemother. 3:1239-1242; Fujino et al, 1965, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jap. 38:515; Bodanszky et al, 1973, J Am. Chem. Soc. 95:2352; Shibata et al, U.S. Patent No. 3,160,561); aspartocin (Shay et al, U.S. Patent No. 3,057,779; Shay et al., I960, Antibiotics Ann. 194; Hausman et al, 1964, Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother. 352; Hausman et al, 1969, J Antibiotics 22:207; Martin et al, I960, J Am. Chem. Soc. 2079); crystallomycin (Gauze et al, 1957, Antibiotiki 2:9-14); antibiotic A1437 (Ha mann et al, EP 0 629 636 Bl; Hammann et al, U.S. Patent No. 6,194,383; Lattrell et al, U.S. Patent No. 5,629,288); friulimycin (Vertesy et al, 2000, J Antibiotics 53:816); tsushimycin (Shoji et al, 1968, J Antibiotics 21:439; Nishimura et al, U.S. Patent No. 3,781,420); and zaomycin (Hinuma, 1954, J Antibiotics 7(4): 134- 136; Kuroya, 1960, Antibiotics Ann. 194; Kuroya, JP 8150). Owing in part to the wide spread use of antibiotic therapies, many strains of bacteria have developed resistance to these and other classes of antibiotic compounds. Strains of the genera Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus are proving to be particularly problematic organisms to control efficiently because of developed resistance to conventional antibiotics (for example β-lactam antibiotics and/or glycopeptide antibiotics such as, for example, vancomycin and teicoplanin). Another group of microorganism strains that have developed resistance include the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains ("MRSA" strains). It is now known that these MRSA strains are often resistance to other antibiotics (for example, quinolones) in addition to methicillin. Given the rampant rise of strains of microorganisms that are resistant to current antibiotic therapies, there is a continuous need for the development of novel antibiotics and antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action. The present invention meets such needs, and further provides other related advantages. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, the present invention provides novel lipopeptide antibiotics of the amphomycin type. The novel antibiotics consist of an amphomycin- type macrocyclic peptide "core," and a lipophilic fatty acid moiety or a lipophilic fragment. The macrocyclic peptide core includes a Dab residue, or other amino acid having a side chain with a primary amine group or an amino acid or a lipophilic fragment, and derivatives thereof, which is typically at the 9-position of the macrocycle ("Dab9 residue"). The macrocyclic peptide core also includes an exocyclic amino acid, which is typically Asp or Asn, which intervenes the cyclic portion of the core and the lipophilic fatty acid moiety. The β -amino group of the macrocyclic Dab9 residue is acylated with a substituent that includes a primary or secondary amine or an amino acid or a lipophilic fragment, and derivatives thereof. In one embodiment, this amine- containing substituent is an amino acid, typically an α-, β- or γ-amino acid. The amino acid may optionally include one or more side-chain moieties, for example, a side chain of one of the twenty genetically encoded amino acids. The lipophilic fatty acid moiety is linked to the N-terminus of the macrocyclic peptide core via its terminal carboxyl group. The lipophilic fatty acid moiety may be a linear or branched, saturated or singly or multiply unsaturated fatty acid or hydroxy fatty acid with a chain length of from 6 to 22 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, the N-terminus of the macrocyclic peptide core is linked to a lipophilic fragment, wherein the lipophilic fragment is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-.-C-25) alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C-.-C25) heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (Cs-C10) aryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C15) arylaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C15) biaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, 5-10 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C6-C26) arylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups and 6-26 membered heteroarylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups; each R15 is independently selected from the group consisting of -OR16, -SR16, NR16R16, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -C(O)OR16, -C(O)NR16R16, -C(S)NR16R16, -C(NR16)NR16R16, -CHO, -R16CO, -SO2R16, -SOR16, -PO(OR16)2, -PO(OR16), -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H, halogen and trihalomethyl; and each R16 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (Ci.Cβ) alkyl, (C5 -C10) aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, (C6-C16) arylalkyl and 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl. As will be described in more detail in connection with methods of synthesizing the compounds, the compounds of the invention may be structurally pure, or they may be in the form of a composition comprising a mixture of one or more structurally different compounds. They may also be in the form of free acids or bases or in the form of salts, such as pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In another aspect, the present invention provides compositions comprising the compounds of the invention. Generally, the compositions comprise one or more compounds of the invention and an appropriate carrier, excipient or diluent. The exact nature of the carrier, excipient or diluent will depend upon the desired use for the composition, and may range from being suitable or acceptable for environmental uses, to being suitable or acceptable for veterinary uses, to being suitable or acceptable for human use (i. e. , pharmaceutically acceptable). In still another aspect, the present invention provides methods of synthesizing the compounds of the invention. In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention may be prepared from a parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic isolated from culture by reacting the parent antibiotic with an appropriately protected reagent, such as an appropriately protected amino acid, under conditions suitable for attaching the reagent to the β-nitrogen of the macrocyclic Dab9 residue. Any protecting groups present may then be removed to yield a Dab9 derivative of the invention. Typically, such parent antibiotics are mixtures of compounds that differ from one another with respect to the structures of their macrocyclic peptide cores and/or fatty acid moieties or lipophilic fragments. In this instance, the resultant Dab9 derivatives of the invention are obtained as mixtures of compounds, the structures and relative quantities of which are dictated by the structures and relative quantities of the compounds comprising the parent antibiotic mixture. When structurally pure compounds of the invention are desired, the component compounds comprising the parent antibiotic mixture may be separated and isolated from one another before derivatization of the macrocyclic Dab9 residue. Alternatively, the separation and isolation may be carried out on the resultant product of the Dab9 derivatization reaction, either before or after removal of any protecting groups, to yield structurally pure Dab9 derivatives of the invention. In many cases, the structures of the fatty acid moieties of the parent antibiotics are unknown. Dab9 derivatives of the invention having precisely defined fatty acids or lipophilic fragments may be obtained by removing the lipophilic fatty acid moiety and replacing it with a fatty acid or lipophilic fragment having a specified structure. In one embodiment, the parent antibiotic mixture is delipidated to yield a delipidated intermediate and this delipidated intermediate is then reacted with the desired fatty acid under acylating conditions to yield a synthetic antibiotic having a precisely defined fatty acid moiety. This synthetic antibiotic may then be derivatized according to the methods described above to yield Dab9 derivatives of the invention. As will be recognized by skilled artisans, the β-amino group of the macrocyclic Dab9 residue should be protected with a suitable protecting group prior to delipidation of the parent antibiotic. In certain embodiments, the fatty acid or lipophilic fragment may be optionally linked to the amino-terminal of the exocyclic amino acid via a linker, wherein said linker may be any kind of chemical functionality that can form a covalent bond with nitrogen known to those of skill in the art. In a exemplary embodiment, X1 is selected from the group consisting of -CO-, -SO2, -CS-, -PO-, -OPO-, -OC(O)-, -NHCO-, -NR^O-. In another preferable embodiment, X1 is -CO- ,-NHCO, or -SO2. In a particularly preferred embodiment, X1 is -CO-. Similarly, the substituents added to generate the Dab9 derivatives may be optionally attached via similar linker and optionally include a spacer moiety. In certain embodiments, the spacer moiety is hydrophilic or hydrophobic, long or short, rigid, semirigid or flexible. In related embodiments, the spacer moiety is an alkyl, heteroalkyl, acyclic heteroatomic bridges, aryl, arylaryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl-heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryl-heteroalkyl and the like. Thus, sapcers may include single, double, triple or aromatic carbon-carbon bonds, nitrogen-nitrogen bonds, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-oxygen bonds and/or carbon-sulfur bonds, and may therefor include functionalities such as carbonyls, ethers, thioethers, carboxamides, sulfonamides, ureas, urethanes, hydrazines, and the like. In instances where all of the component compounds of the particular parent antibiotic mixture share the same macrocyclic peptide core, and differ in structure only with respect to the structures of their fatty acid moieties, structurally pure Dab9 derivatives having a specified fatty acid moiety are obtained. In instances where the component compounds of the parent antibiotic mixture have structurally distinct macrocyclic peptide cores, such as is the case for, e.g., antibiotic A1437, the resultant Dab9 derivatives comprise a mixture of compounds which differ from one another with respect to the structures of their macrocyclic peptide cores. Structurally pure Dab derivatives may be obtained from this mixture, if desired, by separating and isolating the component Dab9 derivatives using conventional techniques. In another embodiment, Dab9 derivatives obtained by derivatizing a parent antibiotic as previously described may be delipidated, typically before removing any present protecting groups, and relipidated with a fatty acid moiety or lipophilic fragment having a specified structure. Removal of any present protecting groups yields a Dab9 derivative of the invention. Whether this resultant Dab9 derivative is structurally pure or comprises a mixture of compounds will depend upon whether the Dab9 preparation used as a starting material for the delipidation is structurally pure with respect to the macrocyclic peptide core. The above-described synthetic pathways yield novel protected intermediates and these intermediates constitute another aspect of the instant invention. In still another aspect, the present invention provides methods of inhibiting the growth of microbes, such as Gram-positive bacteria. The method generally involves contacting a microbe with one or more compounds of the invention (or an acceptable salt thereof) in an amount effective to inhibit the growth of the microbe. The method may be practiced to achieve a microbistatic effect where the growth of the microbe is inhibited, or to achieve a microbicidal effect, where the microbe is killed. In a final aspect, the present invention provides methods for treating and/or preventing microbial infections, such as infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, in a subject such as human, plant or animal. The methods generally involve administering to a subject one or more compounds or compositions of the invention in an amount effective to treat or prevent the infection. The compounds or compositions may be administered systemically or applied topically, depending on the nature of the infection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING Figure 1 is an illustration of a Dab9 derivative of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Abbreviations The abbreviations used for the genetically encoded amino acids and certain common non-encoded amino acids are conventional and are as follows: Unless specified otherwise, amino acids may be in either the D- or L- configuration. As used herein, "ATCC" refers to the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA 20108 (see also www.atcc.org), and "NRRL" refers to the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection, Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604 (see also nrrl.ncaur.usda.gov). Definitions Any concentration or percentage ranges recited herein are to be understood to include concentrations of any integer within the range and fractions thereof, such as one tenth and one hundredth of an integer, unless otherwise indicated. As used herein, "about" or "comprising essentially of means ± 15%. As used herein, the following terms are intended to have the following meanings: "Alkyl" refers to a saturated or unsaturated, branched, straight-chain or cyclic monovalent hydrocarbon group derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkane, alkene or alkyne. Typical alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl; ethyls such as ethanyl, ethenyl, ethynyl; propyls such as propan-1-yl, propan-2-yl, cyclopropan-1-yl, prop-1-en-l-yl, prop-l-en-2-yl, prop-2-en-l-yl (allyl), cycloprop-1-en-l-yl; cycloprop-2-en-l-yl, prop-1-yn-l-yl , prop- 2-yn-l-yl, etc.; butyls such as butan-1-yl, butan-2-yl, 2-methyl-propan-l-yl, 2-methyl- propan-2-yl, cyclobutan-1-yl, but-1-en-l-yl, but-l-en-2-yl, 2-methyl-prop-l-en-l-yl, but-2-en-l-yl , but-2-en-2-yl, buta-l,3-dien-l-yl, buta-l,3-dien-2-yl, cyclobut-1-en-l-yl, cyclobut-l-en-3-yl, cyclobuta-l,3-dien-l-yl, but-1-yn-l-yl, but-l-yn-3-yl, but-3-yn-l- yl, etc.; and the like. The term "alkyl" is specifically intended to include groups having any degree or level of saturation, i.e., groups having exclusively single carbon-carbon bonds, groups having one or more double carbon-carbon bonds, groups having one or more triple carbon-carbon bonds and groups having mixtures of single, double and triple carbon-carbon bonds. Where a specific level of saturation is intended, the expressions "alkanyl," "alkenyl," and "alkynyl" are used. The expression "lower alkyl" refers to alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. "Alkanyl" refers to a saturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic alkyl group. Typical alkanyl groups include, but are not limited to, methanyl; ethanyl; propanyls such as propan-1-yl, propan-2-yl (isopropyl), cyclopropan-1-yl, etc.; butyanyls such as butan-1-yl, butan-2-yl (sec-butyl), 2-methyl-propan-l-yl (isobutyl), 2-methyl-propan-2-yl (t-butyl), cyclobutan-1-yl, etc.; and the like. "Alkenyl" refers to an unsaturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic alkyl group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkene. The group may be in either the cis or trans conformation about the double bond(s). Typical alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl; propenyls such as prop-1-en-l-yl , prop-l-en-2- yl, prop-2-en-l-yl (allyl), prop-2-en-2-yl, cycloprop-1-en-l-yl; cycloprop-2-en-l-yl ; butenyls such as but-1-en-l-yl, but-l-en-2-yl, 2-methyl-prop-l-en-l-yl, but-2-en-l-yl , but-2-en-l-yl, but-2-en-2-yl, buta-l,3-dien-l-yl, buta-l,3-dien-2-yl, cyclobut-1-en-l-yl, cyclobut-l-en-3-yl, cyclobuta-l,3-dien-l-yl, etc.; and the like. "Alkynyl" refers to an unsaturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic alkyl group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkyne. Typical alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl; propynyls such as prop-1-yn-l-yl, prop-2-yn-l- yl, etc.; butynyls such as but-1-yn-l-yl, but-l-yn-3-yl, but-3-yn-l-yl , etc.; and the like. "Alkyldiyl" refers to a saturated or unsaturated, branched, straight-chain or cyclic divalent hydrocarbon group derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from each of two different carbon atoms of a parent alkane, alkene or alkyne, or by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from a single carbon atom of a parent alkane, alkene or alkyne. The two monovalent radical centers or each valency of the divalent radical center can form bonds with the same or different atoms. Typical alkyldiyl groups include, but are not limited to methandiyl; ethyldiyls such as ethan-l,l-diyl, ethan-l,2-diyl, ethen-l,l-diyl, ethen-l,2-diyl; propyldiyls such as propan-l,l-diyl, propan-l,2-diyl, propan-2,2-diyl, propan-l,3-diyl, cyclopropan-l,l-diyl, cyclopropan-l,2-diyl, prop-l-en-l,l-diyl, prop-l-en-l,2-diyl, prop-2-en-l,2-diyl, prop-l-en-l,3-diyl, cycloprop-l-en-l,2-diyl, cycloprop-2-en-l,2-diyl, cycloprop-2-en-l,l-diyl, prop-l-yn-l,3-diyl, etc.; butyldiyls such as, butan-l,l-diyl, butan-l,2-diyl, butan-l,3-diyl, butan-l,4-diyl, butan-2,2-diyl, 2-methyl-propan-l,l-diyl, 2-methyl-propan- 1 ,2-diyl, cyclobutan- 1 , 1 -diyl; cyclobutan- 1 ,2-diyl, cyclobutan-l,3-diyl, but- 1 -en- 1,1 -diyl, but-l-en-l,2-diyl, but-l-en-l,3-diyl, but- 1 -en- 1 ,4-diyl, 2-methyl-prop- 1 -en- 1 , 1 -diyl, 2-methanylidene-propan- 1 , 1 -diyl, buta-l,3-dien-l,l-diyl, buta-l,3-dien-l,2-diyl, buta-l,3-dien-l,3-diyl, buta- 1 ,3 -dien- 1 ,4-diyl, cy clobut-1 -en- 1 ,2-diyl, cyclobut- 1 -en- 1 ,3 -diyl, cyclobut-2-en- 1 ,2-diyl, cyclobuta- 1 ,3 -dien- 1 ,2-diyl, cyclobuta- 1 ,3 -dien- 1 ,3 -diyl, but-l-yn-l,3-diyl, but-l-yn-l,4-diyl, buta-l,3-diyn-l,4-diyl, etc.; and the like. Where specific levels of saturation are intended, the nomenclature alkanyldiyl, alkenyldiyl and/or alkynyldiyl is used. In preferred embodiments, the alkyldiyl group is (C-.- ) alkyldiyl. Also preferred are saturated acyclic alkanyldiyl groups in which the radical centers are at the terminal carbons, e.g., methandiyl (methano); ethan-l,2-diyl (ethano); propan-l,3-diyl (propano); butan-l,4-diyl (butano); and the like (also referred to as alkylenos, defined infra). "Alkyleno" refers to a straight-chain alkyldiyl group having two terminal monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from each of the two terminal carbon atoms of straight-chain parent alkane, alkene or alkyne. Typical alkyleno groups include, but are not limited to, methano; ethylenos such as ethano, etheno, ethyno; propylenos such as propano, prop[l]eno, propa[l,2]dieno, prop[l]yno, etc.; butylenos such as butano, but[l]eno, but[2]eno, buta[l,3]dieno, but[l]yno, but[2]yno, but[l,3]diyno, etc.; and the like. Where specific levels of saturation are intended, the nomenclature alkano, alkeno and/or alkyno is used. In preferred embodiments, the alkyleno group is (C-.-C6) or (C-.-C4) alkyleno. Also preferred are straight-chain saturated alkano groups, e.g., methano, ethano, propano, butano, and the like. "Heteroalkyl, Heteroalkanyl, HeteroalkenvL Heteroalkanyl, Heteroalkyldiyl and Heteroalkyleno" refer to alkyl, alkanyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkyldiyl and alkyleno groups, respectively, in which one or more of the carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are each independently replaced with the same or different heteroatoms or heteroatomic groups. Typical heteroatoms or heteroatomic groups that can be included in these groups include, but are not limited to, -O-, -S-, -Se-, -O-O-, -S-S-, -O-S-, -O-S-O-, -O-NR'-, -NR*-, -NR*-NR'-, =N-N=, -N=N-, -N=N-NR*-, -PH-, -P(O)2-, -O-P(O)2-, -SH2-, -S(O)2-, -SnH2- and the like, and combinations thereof, including, for example, -NR'-S(O)2-, where each R' is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkanyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl and heteroarylalkyl, as defined herein. "Aryl" refers to a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent aromatic ring system. Typical aryl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, coronene, fluoranthene, fmorene, hexacene, hexaphene, hexalene, as- indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, octacene, octaphene, octalene, ovalene, penta-2,4-diene, pentacene, pentalene, pentaphene, perylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, picene, pleiadene, pyrene, pyranthrene, rubicene, triphenylene, trinaphthalene, and the like. In preferred embodiments, the aryl group is (C5-C14) aryl, with (C5-C10) being even more preferred. Particularly preferred aryls are cyclopentadienyl, phenyl and naphthyl. "Arylalkyl" refers to an acyclic alkyl group in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom, typically a terminal or sp carbon atom, is replaced with an aryl group. Typical arylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl, 2- phenylethan-1-yl, 2-phenylethen-l-yl, naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylethan-l-yl, 2- naphthylethen-1-yl, naphthobenzyl, 2-naphthophenylethan-l-yl and the like. Where specific alkyl moieties are intended, the nomenclature arylalkanyl, arylakenyl and/or arylalkynyl is used. In preferred embodiments, the arylalkyl group is (C6-C20) arylalkyl, e.g., the alkanyl, alkenyl or alkynyl moiety of the arylalkyl group is (Ci-C6) and the aryl moiety is (C5-C14). In particularly preferred embodiments the arylalkyl group is (C6-C13), e.g., the alkanyl, alkenyl or alkynyl moiety of the arylalkyl group is (Ci-Cs) and the aryl moiety is (C5-C10). "Heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent heteroaromatic group derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single atom of a parent heteroaromatic ring system. Typical heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from acridine, arsindole, carbazole, 3-carboline, chromane, chromene, cinnoline, furan, imidazole, indazole, indole, indoline, indolizine, isobenzofuran, isochromene, isoindole, isoindoline, isoquinoline, isothiazole, isoxazole, naphthyridine, oxadiazole, oxazole, perimidine, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, phenazine, phthalazine, pteridine, purine, pyran, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, pyrrolizine, quinazoline, quinoline, quinolizine, quinoxaline, tetrazole, thiadiazole, thiazole, thiophene, triazole, xanthene, and the like. In preferred embodiments, the heteroaryl group is a 5-14 membered heteroaryl, with 5-10 membered heteroaryl being particularly preferred. The most preferred heteroaryl groups are those derived from thiophene, pyrrole, benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, pyridine, quinoline, imidazole, oxazole and pyrazine. "Heteroarylalkyl " refers to an acyclic alkyl group in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom, typically a terminal or sp3 carbon atom, is replaced with a heteroaryl group. Where specific alkyl moieties are intended, the nomenclature heteroarylalkanyl, heteroarylakenyl and/or heterorylalkynyl is used. In preferred embodiments, the heteroarylalkyl group is a 6-20 membered heteroarylalkyl, e.g., the alkanyl, alkenyl or alkynyl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl is 1-6 membered and the heteroaryl moiety is a 5-14-membered heteroaryl. In particularly preferred embodiments, the heteroarylalkyl is a 6-13 membered heteroarylalkyl, e.g., the alkanyl, alkenyl or alkynyl moiety is 1-3 membered and the heteroaryl moiety is a 5-10 membered heteroaryl. "Substituted:" refers to a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are each independently replaced with the same or different substituent(s). Typical substituents include, but are not limited to, -X, -R13, -O-, =O, -OR, -SR13, -S-, =S, -NR13R13, =NR13, CX3, -CF3, -CN, -OCN, -SCN, -NO, NO2, =N2, -N3, -S(O)2O-, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2R13, -OS(O2)O-, -OS(O)2OH, -OS(O)2R13, -P(O)(O")2, -P(O)(OH)(O"), -OP(O)2(O~), -C(O)R13, -C(S)R13, -C(O)OR13, -C(O)O", -C(S)OR13, and -C(NR )NR R , where each X is independently a halogen; each R is independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylaryl, arylheteroalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl NR14R14, -C(O)R14 or -S(O)2R14; and each R14 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkanyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylheteralkyl, arylaryl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl. "Amphomycin-Type Lipopeptide Antibiotic" refers to an antibiotic characterized by a macrocyclic peptide core that includes a macrocyclic amino acid having a side chain with a primary amino group, such as a macrocyclic Dab residue, and a lipophilic fatty acid moiety. The macrocyclic peptide core includes an exocyclic amino acid, which is typically an Asn or an Asp, which intervenes the macrocycle and the fatty acid moiety. In a preferred embodiment, an amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic is characterized by the following structure (I): wherein: R1 is a branched or straight-chained, saturated or singly or multiply unsaturated aliphatic or hydroxy aliphatic moiety having a chain length of from 6 to 22 carbon atoms; and R2 is OH or NH2. In another embodiment, the lipopeptide antibiotic has structure (I) wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (CrC 5) alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (Ci-C25) heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 5 groups, (C5-C10) aryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5- Cι5) arylaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C15) biaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, 5-10 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C6-C26) arylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups and 6-26 membered heteroarylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups; each R15 is independently selected from the group consisting of -OR16, -SR16, NR16R16, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -C(O)OR16, -C(O)NR16R16, -C(S)NR16R16, -C(NR16)NR16R16, -CHO, -R16CO, -SO2R16, -SOR16, -PO(OR16)2, -PO(OR16), -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H, halogen and trihalomethyl; each R16 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-.. ) alkyl, (C5 -C-.o) aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, (C6-C16) arylalkyl and 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl; and R2 is OH orNH2. For convenience, amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics may be abbreviated using three different conventions, illustrated below: In structures (la) and (lb), R3 is a branched or straight-chained, saturated or singly or multiply unsaturated fatty acid or hydroxy fatty acid having a chain length of from 6 to 22 carbon atoms and R4 is an Asp or Asn residue in which the C-terminal carboxyl group is linked to the α-amino group of residue Dab and the N-terminal amino group is linked to the carboxyl group of fatty acid R3. Alternatively in structures (la) and (lb), R4 is an Asp or Asn residue in which the carboxy-terminal carboxyl group is linked to the α-amino group of residue Dab2 and the amino-terminal amino group is either directly linked to R3 (i.e., there is no amide linkage) or is linked to the carboxyl group of a fatty acid R3, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-.-C25) alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C-.-C25) heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C-.0) aryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (Cs-Cis) arylaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 5 groups, (Cs-C15) biaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, 5-10 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C6-C26) arylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R1S groups and 6-26 membered heteroarylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R is groups; each R15 is independently selected from the group consisting of -OR16, -SR16, NR16R16 -CN, -NO2, -N3, -C(O)OR 16 -C(O)NR 1160R-Γ> 16 -C(S)NR16R16, C(NR16)NR16R16, CHO, -R > 1160/C~.rO-., -PO(OR10)2, -PO(OR1D), -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H, halogen and trihalomethyl; and each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-..C6) alkyl, (C5 -C10) aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, (C6- C16) arylalkyl and 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl. In a further embodiment, N-terminal amino group of R4 is attached to R3 via a linker X1, which may be any kind of chemical functionality that can form a covalent bond with nitrogen known to those of skill in the art. In a exemplary embodiment, X1 is selected from the group consisting of -CO-, -SO2, -CS-, -PO-, -OPO-, -OC(O)-, -NHCO-, -N^CO-. In another preferable embodiment, X1 is -CO- ,-NHCO, or -SO2. In a particularly preferred embodiment, X1 is -CO-. In structure (la), the " u" designates the linkage of the C-terminal 1 1 carboxyl group of residue Pro to the β -amino group of residue Dab . In structure (Ic), R1 and R2 are as described herein for structure (I) and R represents the peptide macrocyclic illustrated below: In the above macrocyclic peptide moiety, the dashed line emanating from residue Dab2 indicates the point of attachment to the amide nitrogen of structure (Ic) and the dashed line emanating from residue Dab9 indicates the point of attachment to the primary amino group of structure (Ic). Skilled artisans will recognize that amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics isolated from cultures typically comprise mixtures of compounds that differ with respect to the structures of their amphomycin-type macrocyclic cores (defined below) and/or their fatty acid moieties. The various different compounds comprising the mixture may be separated from one another and isolated either as sub-mixtures or as structurally pure compounds. As used herein, "amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic" is intended to include the mixtures naturally produced by the producing strain, as well as any sub-mixtures and/or structurally pure compounds isolated therefrom. Common amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics include amphomycin (glumamycin) (Heinemann et al, 1953, Antibiot. Chemother. 3:1239-1242; Fujino et al, 1965, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jap. 38:515; Bodanszky et al, 1973, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95:2352; Shibata et al, U.S. Patent No. 3,160,561); aspartocin (Shay et al, U.S. Patent No. 3,057,779; Shay et al, 1960, Antibiotics Ann. 194; Hausman et al, 1964, Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother. 352; Hausman et al, 1969, J Antibiotics 22:207; Martin et al, I960, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2079); crystallomycin (Gauze et al, 1957, Antibiotiki 2:9- 14); antibiotic A1437 (Hammann et al, EP 0 629 636 Bl; Hammann et al, U.S. Patent No. 6,194,383; Lattrell et al, U.S. Patent No. 5,629,288); friulimycin (Vertesy et al, 2000, J Antibiotics 53:816); tsushimycin (Shoji et al, 1968, J Antibiotics 21:439; Nishimura et al, U.S. Patent No. 3,781,420); and zaomycin (Hinuma, 1954, J. Antibiotics 7(4):134-136; Kuroya, I960, Antibiotics Ann. 194; Kuroya, JP 8150). "Amphomycin-Type Macrocyclic Core" refers to the macrocycle obtained by delipidating an amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic, illustrated as structural formula (II), below: In structure (II), R2 is as described herein for structure (I). For convenience, amphomycin-type macrocyclic cores may be conveniently abbreviated using three different conventions, illustrated below: In structures (lla) and (lib), H2N-R5 is an Asp or Asn residue in which the C-terminal carboxyl is linked to the α-amino of residue Dab2. In abbreviation (lla), the "u" designates the linkage of the C-terminal carboxyl of residue Pro11 to the β- amino of residue Dab2. In structure (lie), R2 and R are as previously defined for structure (Ic). "Structurally pure" refers to a compound composition in which a substantial percentage, e.g., on the order of 95% to 100% and preferably ranging from about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more, of the individual molecules comprising the composition each contain the same number and types of atoms attached to each other in the same order and with the same bonds. As used herein, "structurally pure" is not intended to distinguish different geometric isomers or different optical isomers from one another. For example, as used herein a mixture of cis- and trans-but-2,3-ene is considered structurally pure, as is a racemic mixture. When compositions are intended to include a substantial percentage of a single geometric isomer and/or optical isomer, the nomenclature "geometrically pure" and "optically or enantiomerically pure," respectively, are used. The phrase "structurally pure" is also not intended to discriminate between different tautomeric forms or ionization states of a molecule, or other forms of a molecule that result as a consequence of equilibrium phenomena or other reversible interconversions. Thus, a composition of, for example, an organic acid is structurally pure even though some of the carboxyl groups may be in a protonated state (-COOH) and others may be in a deprotonated state (-COO"). Likewise, a composition comprising a mixture of keto and enol tantomers, unless specifically noted otherwise, is considered structurally pure. The Dab9 Derivatives The compounds of the invention are derivatives of amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics that are substituted at the β-amino group of the macrocyclic Dab9 residue with a substituent that includes a primary or secondary amine. In one illustrative embodiment, the compounds of the invention are amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic derivatives according to structural formula (III): including the salts thereof, wherein: R and R are as previously defined for structure (I); and R is (i) at least one amino acid, (ii) a substituent including a primary or secondary amine, or (iii) selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-.-C25) alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (Cj.-C25) heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C10) aryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C15) arylaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R groups, (C5-C15) biaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, 5-10 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C6-C 6) arylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups and 6-26 membered heteroarylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups; each R15 is independently selected from the group consisting of -OR16, -SR 16 NR16R16, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -C(O)OR16, -C(O)NR1 166R-T. 16 -C(S)NR16R16, -C(NR16)NR16R16, -CHO, -R16CO, -SO2R16, -SOR16, -PO(OR16)2, -PO(OR16), -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H, halogen and trihalomethyl; and each R .16 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-..C6) alkyl, (C5 -Cio) aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, (C6-C16) arylalkyl and 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl. For convenience of discussion, the compounds of structure (III) may be abbreviated as illustrated in structures (Illa-c), below: In structures (Ilia) and (Illb), R and R are as described herein for structure (la) and R6 is as described herein for structure (III). In structure (IIIc), R1 and R are as described herein for structure (I) and R is as described herein for structure (III). In structures (Ilia) and (Illb), the R substituent is linked to the β-amino group of the illustrated Dab9 residue (see, e.g., structure III). In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention are Dab9 derivatives of parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics produced from cultures. Examples of such parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics include, but are not limited to, amphomycin (glumamycin), aspartocin, crystallomycin, friulimycin, tsushimycin and zaomycin. Skilled artisans will recognize that in these embodiments, the structures of residue R4 and/or fatty acid moiety R3 in formulae (la) and (lb) will be dictated in large part by the producing strain and culture conditions. Skilled artisans will also recognize that in these embodiments, the parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics may comprise mixtures of compounds that differ from one another with respect to the structure of residue R4 and/or fatty acid moiety R3. As will be discussed in more detail below in connection with the synthesis of the compounds of the invention, the desired compounds of the invention may be obtained by appropriate selection of the parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic used as a starting material. For example, although preparations of aspartocin, amphomycin, zaomycin and tsushimycin isolated from cultures comprise mixtures of compounds, they are all believed to share the same amphomycin-type macrocyclic core: the amphomycin-type macrocyclic core of structural formula (II) in which R is OH. Likewise, in preparations of friulimycin, the components of the mixture are all believed to share the same amphomycin-type macrocyclic core: the amphomycin-type macrocyclic core of structural formula (II) in which R2 is NH2. Thus, it is believed that the compounds comprising these respective antibiotic mixtures differ from one another only with respect to the structures of their fatty acid moieties. Alternatively, antibiotic A1437 comprises a mixture of compounds that are believed to differ from one another with respect to the structures of their amphomycin-type macrocyclic cores and fatty acid moieties (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,194,383). All of these various parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics may be used as starting materials to produce the desired Dab9 derivatives of the invention. Structurally pure Dab9 derivatives of the invention may be obtained by separating and isolating the component compounds of the parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic starting material prior to derivatization of the macrocyclic Dab9 residue, or, alternatively, separating the component compounds of the resultant mixture following derivatization, as will be described in more detail, below. Moreover, in many instances, the exact structures of the fatty acid moieties of such parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics are unknown. Compounds of the invention having a fatty acid moiety of a specified structure may be obtained by delipidating the parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic starting materials and reacting the delipidated intermediate with a fatty acid or other substituent (e.g., a lipophilic fragment) of specified structure. The resultant product may then be derivatized at the Dab9 residue to yield a Dab9 derivative of the invention. Alternatively, a Dab9 derivative of the invention prepared by derivatizing a parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic may be delipidated and the Dab derivatized delipidated intermediate reacted with a fatty acid or other substituent of specified structure. Fatty acids suitable for use in producing an appropriate fatty acid moiety R3 are well known to skilled artisans (see, e.g., Rompp Chemie Lexicon, Prof. Falbe and Prof. Regitz, 9th Edition, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York; and Hawley, 3rd Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, each of which is incorporated herein by reference). In one embodiment, a fatty acid is selected that yields a compound of the invention having a fatty acid moiety R3 that is identical to a fatty acid moiety of a known amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic. Such fatty acids are well known to those of skill in the art. Non-limiting illustrative examples are provided in, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,194,383 (see especially Cols. 5-8), which is incorporated herein by reference. However, the fatty acid need not correspond to a fatty acid of a known amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic. Suitable fatty acids include, by way of example and not limitation, the various fatty acids, such as fatty acids that are unbranched and saturated (e.g., caproic, enanthic, caprylic, pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, lauric, tridecanoic, myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, nonadecanoic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, pentacosenoic, and the like); branched and saturated (e.g., isobutyric, iso valeric, isopalmitic and the like, and corresponding acids in the ante-iso configuration and may contain methoxy or hydroxy substitutions); monoenoic (e.g., obtusilic, caproleic, lauroleic, linderic, myristoleic, physeteric, tsuzuic, palmitoleic, petroselinic, oleic, vaccenic, gadoleic, gondoic, cetoleic, erucic, nervonic, and the like); polyenoic (e.g., linoleic, γ-linoleic, arachidonic, stearidonic, and the like, and methylene interrupted polyenes, polymethylene interrupted polyenes, conjugated fatty acids, and halogenated fatty acids). See also U.S. Patent No. 6,194,383, which is incorporated herein by reference. Typically, the fatty acid is a fatty acid or hydroxy fatty acid with a chain length of from 6-22 carbon atoms and usually from 10-20 carbon atoms. The fatty acid or hydroxy fatty acid may be branched or linear, saturated or singly or multiply unsaturated, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the fatty acid is a saturated or singly unsaturated fatty acid comprising 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 carbon atoms that is either linear or singly branched, preferably in the iso or ante-iso configuration. In another embodiment, the fatty acid is a saturated or singly unsaturated hydroxy fatty acid comprising 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 carbon atoms that is either linear or singly branched, preferably in the iso or ante-iso configuration. In a specific embodiment, the hydroxy fatty acid is hydroxylated at position 2, 3 and/or at the end of the chain. Alternatively R3 may be directly linked to the N-terminal amino group of the R4 Asp or Asn residue (see, e.g., structures Ilia and Illb), wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C25) alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C1-C25) heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C10) aryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C15) arylaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C-.5) biaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, 5-10 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C6-C26) arylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups and 6-26 membered heteroarylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups; each R15 is independently selected from the group consisting of -OR16, -SR16, NR16R16, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -C(O)OR16, -C(O)NR16R16, -C(S)NR16R16, -C(NR16)NR16R16, -CHO, -R16CO, -SO2R16, -SOR16, -PO(OR16)2, -PO(OR16), -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H, halogen and trihalomethyl; and each R16 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C^ ) alkyl, (C5 -C10) aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, (C6-C16) arylalkyl and 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl In the compounds of structures (Ilia) and (Illb), R4 represents an Asp residue or an Asn residue. Whether R4 is Asp or Asn will depend upon the choice of parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic used as a starting material in the synthesis of the Dab9 derivatives of the invention, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art. For example, Dab9 derivatives in which R4 is Asp may be prepared from amphomycin, aspartocin, tsushimycin, and/or the Asp fraction of antibiotic A1437. Dab9 derivatives of the invention in which R4 is Asn may be prepared from friulimycin and/or from the Asn fraction of antiobiotic A1437. The Asp and Asn fractions of antibiotic A1437 may be isolated from a preparation of cultured antibiotic A1437 according to the methods described in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 6,194,383, which are incorporated herein by reference. Dab9 derivatives of the invention that comprise a mixture of compounds, some of which are compounds according to structural formulae (Ilia) or (Illb) in which R4 is Asp and others of which are compounds according to structural formulae (Ilia) or (Illb) in which R4 is Asn, may be prepared from antibiotic A1437. In the Dab9 derivatives of structural formulae (III), (Ilia), (Illb) and (IIIc), R6 may be a substituent that includes a primary or secondary amine group. In one preferred embodiment, the primary or secondary amine group has the formula - NHR7, where R7 is hydrogen or (Cι-C ) alkyl. In another preferred embodiment, the primary or secondary amine group may be spaced away from the macrocyclic . Dab9 residue via an optional linking moiety, as described herein. The present invention is based, in part, on the surprising discovery that amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics derivatized at the macrocyclic Dab9 residue with an R6 substituent retain substantially the same antimicrobial properties of the parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics from which they are derived, but have altered solubility properties, which may lead to the Dab9 derivatives having improved therapeutic properties or spectra as compared to the parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics from which they are derived. As mentioned above, the primary or secondary amine -NHR7 is spaced away from the β-nitrogen of the Dab9 residue ("Dab9 β-nitrogen") via an optional linking moiety. Referring to Figure 1, which illustrates a representative Dab9 derivative of the invention in which R1 and R2 are as defined for structural formula (III) and R7 is as defined above, the linking moiety 1 comprises a linkage group 2, which is attached to the Dab9 β-nitrogen 3, and an optional spacer 4. In one embodiment, the linkage group 2 and spacer 4 taken together comprise a sufficient number of atoms such that the distance between the Dab9 β-nitrogen 3 and the nitrogen atom of the amine group - NHR7 ("amine nitrogen") 5 is in the range of about 1 A to about lOA. Typically, the linkage group 2 is a moiety that, when taken together with the Dab9 β-nitrogen atom 3 to which it is bonded, yields a linkage 6 that is stable to the physiologic conditions under which the compounds of the invention will be used. Non-limiting examples of suitable linkages 6 include amide, imide, sulfonamide, sulfonimide, amidine, carbonate, carbamate, thiourea, urea, and the like. Accordingly, non-limiting examples of suitable linking groups 2 include -C(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(NH)- and -C(O)O- groups. The spacer 4, which may be present or absent, may include virtually any combination of carbon and/or heteroatoms suitable for spacing, when necessary, the primary or secondary amine group away from the linkage formed between the linking group and the Dab9 β-nitrogen. Suitable groups which may comprise the spacer 4 include, but are not limited to, -CH2-, -CH-=CH-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -NH-, -NH-NH-, -N=N-, -C(O)-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)2-O- and -C(NH)- groups. These and other groups that will be apparent to those of skill in the art may be used in a multitude of combinations to create suitable spacers 4. Skilled artisans will recognize that the exact number of atoms necessary to achieve a particularly desired spacing will depend upon, among other things, the types of atoms (e.g., N, O, C, etc.) and bonds (e.g., single, double, triple, etc.) comprising the linking moiety 1 and will be able to select combinations of groups yielding an appropriate spacing. One or more of the atoms comprising the spacer 4 may be further substituted with a substituent. The substituent may be virtually any group that can be attached to the type of atom being substituted. In one embodiment, such substituents, which may be the same or different, are selected from the group consisting of -NR8R8, - OR8, -SR8, halogen, trihalomethyl, -CN, -C(O)R8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R8, amidine, guanidine, alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R9, aryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R9, arylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R9, heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R9, heteroarylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R9, wherein each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl and heteroarylalkyl, and each R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of -NR8R8, -OR8, -SR8, halogen, trihalomethyl, -CN, -C(O)R8, -C(O)OR8, - C(O)NR8R8, amidine, guanidine, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl. In one embodiment of the invention, the spacer 4 is a (C-.-C6) branched or unbranched alkyldiyl, which optionally includes one or more, typically one, of the same or different previously described substituent groups. Preferred alkyldiyls are substituted or unsubstituted alkylenos. Especially preferred alkyldiyls are substituted or unsubstituted (C-.- ) alkanos. Thus, in one illustrative embodiment of the Dab9 derivatives according to structural formulae (III), (Ilia), (Illb) and (IIIc), amine-containing substituent R6 has the structural formula (IV): (IN) -X-R10-ΝHR7 wherein: R7 is as previously defined; R10 is (Cj.-C4) alkano; and X is -C(O)-, -C(NH)- or -S(O)2- In another illustrative embodiment of the Dab derivatives of structural ffoorrmmuullaaee ((IIIII), (Ilia), (Illb) and (IIIc), amine-containing substituent R6 has the structural formula (V) (V) -X-(RuRπ)„-NHR7 wherein: n is an integer from 1 to 6; each R11 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino, amido, amidino, carboxy, guanidino, hydroxy, sulfanyl, (Ci-C4) alkyl, (C1-C4) alkyl substituted with one or more of the same or different R12, (C5-C10) aryl, (C5-C-.0) aryl substituted with one or more of the same or different R12, (C6-C13) 1 arylalkyl, (C6-C13) arylalkyl substituted with one or more of the same or different R , 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with one or more of the same or different R12, 6-13 membered heteroarylalkyl and 6-13 membered heteroarylalkyl substituted with one or more of the same or different R ; each R12 is independently selected from the group consisting of amino, amido, amidino, carboxyl, guanidino, hydroxy and sulfanyl; and X and R7 are as previously defined for structure (IV). In a specific embodiment of structural formula (V), n is 1, 2 or 3 and/or only one R11 is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the Dab9 derivatives of structural formulae (Ilia) and (Illb), substituent R6 has the structural formula (VI) as follows: (VI) -X^R3 wherein: X1 is a linker, which may be any kind of chemical functionality that can form a covalent bond with nitrogen known to those of skill in the art. In a exemplary embodiment, X1 is selected from the group consisting of -CO-, -SO2, -CS-, -PO-, -OPO-, -OC(O)-, -NHCO-, -NR^O-. In another preferable embodiment, X1 is -CO-, -NHCO-, or -SO2. In a particularly preferred embodiment, X1 is -CO-. R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (Cj.-C25) alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C1-C25) heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C10) aryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C15) arylaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C5-C15) biaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, 5-10 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups, (C6-C26) arylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups and 6-26 membered heteroarylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R15 groups; each R is independently selected from the group consisting of -OR16, -SR16, NR16R16, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -C(O)OR16, -C(O)NR16R16, -C(S)NR16R16, -C(NR16)NR16R16, -CHO, -R16CO, -SO2R16, -SOR16, -PO(OR16)2, -PO(OR16), -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H, halogen and trihalomethyl; and each R16 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-..C6) alkyl, (C5 -C10) aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, (C6-C16) arylalkyl and 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl. The linker X1 may further comprise a spacer moiety that is hydrophilic or hydrophobic, long or short, rigid, semirigid or flexible. A wide variety of spacers comprised of stable bonds suitable for spacing, for example amine R6 substituent groups, from the Dab9 β-amino group, are known in the art, and include by way of example and not limitation, alkyl, heteroalkyl, acyclic heteroatomic bridges, aryl, arylaryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl-heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryl-heteroalkyl and the like. Thus, spacers may include single, double, triple or aromatic carbon-carbon bonds, nitrogen-nitrogen bonds, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-oxygen bonds and/or carbon-sulfur bonds, and may therefor include fiinctionalities such as carbonyls, ethers, thioethers, carboxamides, sulfonamides, ureas, urethanes, hydrazines, and the like. Choosing a suitable linker and/or spacer is within the capabilities of those having skill in the art. For example, where a rigid linker or spacer is desired, it may be a rigid polyunsaturated alkyl or an aryl, biaryl, heteroaryl, and the like. Where a flexible linker or spacer is desired, it may be a flexible peptide such as Gly-Gly-Gly or a flexible saturated alkanyl or heteroalkanyl. Hydrophilic linkers or spacers may be, for example, polyalcohols or polyethers such as polyalkyleneglycols. Hydrophobic linkers or spacers may be, for example, alkyls or aryls. In a preferred embodiment of the Dab9 derivatives of structural formulae (III), (Ilia), (Illb) and (IIIc), substituent R6 is an amino acid which is linked via its terminal carboxyl group to the β-amino group of the macrocyclic Dab9 residue to form an amide linkage. Such amino acids may include, by way of example and not limitation, α-, β- and γ-amino acids. The amino acids may optionally include side chain moieties, such as a side chain moiety of one of the twenty genetically encoded amino acids, or a common analog thereof. Any chiral centers in the amino acid may be in either the R- or S-configuration. Non-limiting examples of suitable amino acids include the twenty genetically encoded amino acids; the various amino acids listed in Fasman, CRC Practical Handbook at Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1989, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL at pp. 4-60, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, and the α, β-unsaturated amino acids listed in Fasman, 1989, supra, at pp. 69, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Other suitable amino acids will be apparent to those of skill in the art. Methods of Synthesis The compounds of the invention may be synthesized via several different synthetic routes using commercially available starting materials and/or starting materials prepared by conventional synthetic and/or biosynthetic methods. Two general synthetic approaches are illustrated in Scheme (I), below: In Scheme (I), R1 and R2 are as previously defined in structural formula (IIIc). According to Scheme (I), a parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic 10 is acylated with an appropriately protected reactant 12, which in the specific illustrated example is Fmoc-protected glycine, to yield protected intermediate 14. Reaction conditions for coupling primary amines such as antibiotic 10 with carboxylic acids such as reactant 12 to yield amide linkages are known to those of skill in the art and may be found in any compendium of standard synthetic methods and/or literature related to the synthesis of peptides and proteins. See e.g., March, J., Advanced Organic Chemistry; Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, 4 ed., 1992; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH, New York, 1999; Bodanzsky, Principles of Peptide Synthesis, Springer Verlag, 1984; Bodanzsky, Practice of Peptide Synthesis, Springer Verlag, 1984; Lloyd- Williams et al, Chemical Approaches to the Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins, CRC Press, 1997 (see especially pp. 105-114); and Atherton & Sheppard, Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press, 1989, each of which is incorporated herein by reference). Specific conditions are provided in the Examples section, infra. Protected intermediate 14 is then deprotected to yield Dab9 derivative 16. While the method is illustrated using an Fmoc protecting group, skilled artisans will recognize that other protecting groups may be employed. Moreover, in some instances, reactant 12 may include other and/or additional functionalities that may require protection. Groups suitable for protecting a wide variety of different functionalities, as well as conditions for their removal, are well known and will be apparent to those of skill in the art. Specific guidance for selectively protecting a wide variety of functionalities may be found, for example, in Greene & Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, 1999 ("Greene & Wuts"), which is incorporated herein by reference. Preferred protecting groups are those that may be easily removed. Preferred groups for protecting primary amines are tert- butyloxycarbonyl ("t-Boc"), 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl ("Fmoc") and benzyloxycarbonyl ("Z"). Parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic 10 may be obtained by isolation from a culture of a microorganism known to produce the antibiotic. Microorganisms for producing amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics are well- known, as are conditions for isolating, and optionally further purifying, the resultant antibiotics. For example, strains for producing amphomycin (glumamycin) include Streptomyces canus (ATCC #12237; see also Heinemann et al, 1953, Antibiot. Chemother. 3:1239-1242) and Streptomyces zaomyceticus (ATCC #13876; see also U.S. Patent No. 3,160,561 to Shibata et al). Strains for producing aspartocin include Streptomyces griseus subspecies sprialis (ATCC #13733; see also U.S. Patent No. 3,057,779 to Shay et α/.) and Streptomyces violaceus (Rossi-Doria) Waksman (ATCC #13734; see also U.S. Patent No. 3,057,779). Strains for producing crystallomycin include Streptomyces violaceoniger var. crystallomycini (Gauze et al, 1957, Antibiotiki 2(6):9-14). Strains for producing antibiotic A1437 include Actinoplanes sp. (DSM #7358; see also U.S. Patent No. 6,194,383 to Hammann et al) Strains for producing friulimycin include Actinoplanes friuliensis (HAG #010964). Strains for producing tsushimycin include Streptomyces pseudogriseolus Okami and Umezawa (ATCC pseudogriseolus #21139 and #21140; see also U.S. Patent No. 3,781,420 to Nishimura et al.) and Streptomyces pseudogriseolus subspecies glucofermentans Nishimura and Otsuka (ATCC #21141; see also U.S. Patent No. 3,781,420 to Nishimura et al). Strains for producing zaomycin include Streptomyces zaomyceticus Hinuma (NRRL #B-2038). Conditions for culturing and isolating the various lipopeptide antibiotics are found in the above-cited patents and references, as well as the various references mentioned previously in connection with these various antibiotics, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. As discussed previously, in most instances, amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics 10 isolated from cultures are mixtures of compounds that differ 1 9 with respect to the structures of R and/or R . For example, amphomycin is a mixture 9 ι of compounds 10 in which R is OH and the fatty acid moiety R -C(O)- is a mixture of iso and ante-iso C12 and C13 fatty acids. Aspartocin is a mixture of compounds 10 in which R2 is OH and the fatty acid moiety R1-C(O)- is a mixture of iso and ante-iso C13 and C14 fatty acids. Tsushimycin is a mixture of compounds 10 in which R2 is OH and the fatty acid moiety R1-C(O)- is a mixture of iso and ante-iso C14 and C15 fatty acids. Friulimycin is a mixture of compounds 10 in which R2 is NH2 and the fatty acid moiety R^ O)- is a mixture of iso and ante-iso C13 and C15 fatty acids. Antibiotic A1437 is a 9 complex mixture of 11 compounds, some of which R is OH and in others of which R is NH2 and the fatty acid moiety is a mixture of iso and ante-iso C13, C14 and C15 fatty acids. In many instances, culture conditions useful for producing one or more of the compounds of the mixtures in greater or lesser yields are known (.see, e.g., J. Biotechnology 7:283-292, 1988). Such methods may be used in conjunction with the invention to provide mixtures of Dab9 derivatives having fatty acid moieties of defined molar ratios. Amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics 10 isolated from cultures may be used directly in Scheme (I) without prior separation and isolation of the various components of the mixtures, or they may be first separated, either with respect to the fatty acids and/or, in the case of antibiotic A 1437, with respect to R2, into structurally pure compounds or sub-fractions or sub-mixtures. Methods for separating individual components or sub-mixtures of antibiotic preparations are well-known and will be apparent to those of skill in the art. Specific suitable methods are provided, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,194,383 (see especially Cols. 10-12), which is incorporated herein by reference, and in the Examples section, infra. In many instances, the structures of the fatty acid moieties of amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics 10 may be unknown. In instances where Dab9 derivatives of the invention having specified fatty acid moieties are desired, or where it is desirable for the Dab9 derivative to be structurally pure, geometrically pure or optically pure, with respect to the fatty acid moiety, rather than isolating components of a cultured antibiotic preparation, it may be more convenient or desirable to replace the natural fatty acid moiety of the cultured antibiotic 10 with a synthetic fatty acid moiety of specified structure. As illustrated in Scheme (I), this may be achieved by several synthetic strategies. According to a first strategy, amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic 10 is first protected at the β-amino group of the macrocyclic Dab9 residue to yield protected intermediate 18. Again, while the illustrated protecting group is Fmoc, skilled artisans will appreciate that other commonly-known amine protecting groups may be used. Protected intermediate 18 is then delipidated to yield protected amphomycin-type macrocyclic core 20. Protected core 20 is then acylated with fatty acid 22, again using standard chemistries, to yield protected amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic 24. In fatty acid 22, R11 represents the aliphatic chain of the fatty acid, and may be any of the aliphatic or hydroxy aliphatic chains previously described for R1 of structure (III). Protected antibiotic 24 is the deprotected to yield compound 26, reacted with reagent 12 to yield protected Dab9 derivative 28 which, following deprotection, yields Dab9 derivative 30. When parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic 10 is a mixture of compounds that all share the same amphomycin-type macrocyclic core, such as amphomycin, aspartocin, friulimycin, tsushimycin or zaomycin, this method may be used to synthesize Dab9 derivatives of the invention that are structurally pure without having to isolate the various fatty acid fractions of the parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic 10 from one another. Delipidation yields a mixture comprising the various fatty acids and the protected amphomycin-type macrocyclic core. The protected macrocyclic core may be readily isolated in high purity from this mixture using any art-known technique, such as high performance liquid chromatography, counter current extraction, centrifugation, filtration, precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, gel electrophoresis, affinity chromatography, etc. Specific procedures that may be used directly or that may be routinely adapted to isolate a particular protected macrocyclic core are described in Debono et. al, 1988, J. Antibiotics 41:1093 and U.S. Patent No. 5,039,789 (see, e.g., Cols. 30-34), each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Additional chemistries and procedures that may be used directly to delipidate and relipidate parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic 10 are found in U.S. Patent No. 5,629,288 to Lattrell et al, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In an alternative route, protected Dab9 derivative 14 is delipidated and acylated with fatty acid 22, yielding protected Dab9 derivative 28 which, following deprotection, yields Dab9 derivative 30. This alternative route is advantageous in that it does not require separate protection of the macrocyclic Dab9 β-amino group. Generally, the fatty acid moiety of protected amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic 18 and/or protected Dab9 derivative 14 may be cleaved with an enzyme. The enzyme may be, for example, a degradative enzyme such as a peptidase, esterase or thiolase, of which numerous examples exist in the art. Preferably, the enzyme is a deacylase. In an exemplary embodiment, the cleavage step involves culturing a microorganism that produces a deacylase in an appropriate culture medium and contacting protected Dab9 derivative 14 or protected antibiotic 18 with the culture medium containing the deacylase. Microorganisms that produce deacylases are well known to those of skill in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the microorganism Actinoplanes tahensis (NRRL #12052) produces a suitable deacylase. Growing inocula, inoculating media, culturing media and conditions for culturing such enzymes are also well known to those of skill in the art and exemplary methods for Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL #12052) are described in Boeck et al, 1988, J Antibiot. 41:1085; Debono et. al, 1988, J Antibiotics 41:1093; U.S. Patent No. 4,524,135 (see, e.g., Cols. 22-23) and U.S. Patent No. 5,039,789 (see, e.g., Col. 29, lines 9-63); each of which is incorporated herein by reference. In one embodiment, compounds 14 or 18 are delipidated by contacting them with a culture medium comprising Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL #12052) for about 4 to 16 hours at a temperature of about 29°C. The reaction may be monitored by chromatography or other routine techniques, thereby permitting shorter or longer incubations, as needed. Additional methods which may be used to delipidate compounds 14 and/or 18 are found in Debono et. al, 1988, J Antibiotics 41:1093; U.S. Patent No. 5,039,789 (see, e.g., Cols. 29-34) and U.S. Patent No. 5,629,288, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. While Scheme (I) illustrates certain Dab9 derivatives of the invention in which substituent R6 is attached to the macrocyclic Dab9 residue via an amide linkage, those of skill in the art will recognize that Dab9 derivatives including other linkages may be synthesized by routine modification of the illustrated schemes. Moreover, in some instances, substituent R6 may include additional functionalities requiring protection. The identity of the protecting group will depend upon, among other things, the functionality being protected and other protecting groups present on the molecule, and will be apparent to those of skill in the art. Guidance may be found in Greene & Wuts, supra. The Dab9 derivatives of the invention may be isolated and purified using standard techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography, counter current extraction, centrifugation, filtration, precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, gel electrophoresis, affinity chromatography, etc. Specific methods of isolation are provided in the Examples section, infra. Any of the various parent antibiotics, reaction, intermediates and/or Dab9 derivatives of the invention may also be isolated and purified using the extractive purification methods described in application Serial No. 60/286,254, filed April 24, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that many of the Dab9 derivatives of the invention, as well as the various compound species specifically described herein, may exhibit the phenomena of tautomerism, conformational isomerism, geometric isomerism and/or optical isomerism. As the formula drawings within the specification and claims can represent only one of the possible tautomeric, conformational isomeric, optical isomeric or geometric isomeric forms, it should be understood that the invention encompasses any tautomeric, conformational isomeric, optical isomeric and/or geometric isomeric forms of the compounds having one or more of the utilities described herein, as well as mixtures of these various different forms. Moreover, although the exact optical configurations of the chiral centers of the various illustrated amphomycin-type macrocyclic cores are not specified, it is to be understood that the structural illustrations are intended to be a short-hand way of describing these cores, and are not intended to be limiting. It will be understood that the specific optical configurations are those possessed by the macrocyclic cores of the amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics, whether they are known or unknown. Also, while these structures of the peptide macrocycles comprising the various parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics from which the Dab9 derivatives of the invention are derived are believed to be correct, in some instances at a later date, errors may be revealed. Again, the structural illustrations are intended to be a short-hand way of describing the various compounds and are not intended to be limiting. It will be understood that in the Dab derivatives of the invention, the structures of the peptide macrocycles are those possessed by the parent amphomycin- type lipopeptide antibiotics from which the specific derivatives are derived. Antimicrobial Activity The Dab9 derivatives of the invention generally exhibit antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria that is similar to that exhibited by conventional amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics, as measured in in vitro assays. Moreover, many of the Dab9 derivatives of the invention may display improved therapeutic potential, such as reduced toxicity, as compared with conventional amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics, making the Dab9 derivatives of the invention particularly suited for systemic administration to combat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Generally, active Dab9 derivatives of the invention are identified using conventional in vitro screening assays such as standard NCCLS bacterial inhibition assays, or MIC tests. See, e.g., National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards "Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing," NCCLS Document M100-S5 Vol. 14, No. 16, December 1994; "Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test for bacteria that grow aerobically- Third Edition," Approved Standard M7-A3, National Committee for Clinical Standards, Villanova, PA ("Approved Standard M-7-A3"). Compounds considered active will typically exhibit MICs of less than about 64 μg/mL, usually less than about 32 μg/mL, preferably less than about 16 μg/mL and most preferably less than about 4 μg/mL against Gram-positive bacterial such as Strepto-, Staphylo- and Enterococci in these standard assays. Of course, compounds having MICs on the low end of these ranges, or even lower, are preferred. Most preferred for use in treating or preventing systemic infections are Dab9 derivatives that exhibit significant antimicrobial activity (i.e., less than 4 μg/mL) and low toxicity. Systemic toxicity is less of a concern for topical administration. Specific assays suitable for demonstrating antimicrobial activity are provided in the Examples section. Uses and Compositions The antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives of the invention can be used in a wide variety of applications to inhibit the growth of or kill microorganisms. For example, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives may be used as disinfectants or as preservatives for materials such as foodstuffs, cosmetics, medicaments and other nutrient containing materials. The antimicrobial Dab derivatives can also be used to treat or prevent diseases related to or caused by microbial infection in subjects such as plants and animals, including humans. For use as a disinfectant or preservative, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives can be added to the desired material singly, as mixtures of antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives, or in combination with other antifungal and/or antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives may be supplied as the compound per se or may be in mixture or admixture with a variety of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients, which are well known in the art. When used to treat or prevent microbial infections or diseases related thereto, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives of the invention can be administered or applied singly, as mixtures of two or more antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives, in combination with other antifungal, antibiotic or antimicrobial agents or in combination with other pharmaceutically active agents. The antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives can be administered or applied per se or as pharmaceutical compositions. The specific pharmaceutical formulation will depend upon the desired mode of administration, and will be apparent to those having skill in the art. Numerous compositions for the topical or systemic administration of antibiotics are described in the literature. Any of these compositions may be formulated with the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives of the invention. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives of the invention may be manufactured by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or lyophilizing processes. Pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers, diluents, excipients or auxiliaries which facilitate processing of the active antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives into preparations which can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. For topical administration the antimicrobial Dab derivatives of the invention may be formulated as solutions, gels, ointments, creams, suspensions, pastes, and the like, as are well-known in the art. Systemic formulations include those designed for administration by injection, e.g. subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intrathecal or intraperitoneal injection, as well as those designed for transdermal, transmucosal, oral, or pulmonary administration. In a preferred embodiment, the systemic formulation is sterile. For injection, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives of the invention may be formulated in aqueous solutions, preferably in physiologically compatible buffers such as Hanks's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer. The solution may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Alternatively, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use. For transmucosal administration, penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art. For oral administration, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives can be readily formulated by combining them with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers well known in the art. Such carriers enable the compounds of the invention to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a patient to be treated. For oral solid formulations such as, for example, powders, capsules and tablets, suitable excipients include fillers such as sugars, such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol; cellulose preparations such as maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); granulating agents; and binding agents. If desired, disintegrating agents may be added, such as the cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof such as sodium alginate. If desired, solid dosage forms may be sugar-coated or enteric-coated using standard techniques. For oral liquid preparations such as, for example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions, suitable carriers, excipients or diluents include water, glycols, oils, alcohols, etc. Additionally, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like may be added. For buccal administration, the compositions may take the form of tablets, lozenges, etc. formulated in conventional manner. For administration by inhalation, the compounds for use according to the present invention are conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray from pressurized packs or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In a preferred embodiment, the aerosol composition is sterile. In the case of a pressurized aerosol the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Capsules and cartridges of, e.g., gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch. The antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives may also be formulated in rectal or vaginal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides. In addition to the formulations described previously, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives may also be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, the compounds may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt. Alternatively, other pharmaceutical delivery systems may be employed. Liposomes and emulsions are well known examples of delivery vehicles that may be used to deliver the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives of the invention. Certain organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide also may be employed, although usually at the cost of greater toxicity. Additionally, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives may be delivered using a sustained-release system, such as semipermeable matrices of solid polymers containing the therapeutic agent. Various sustained-release materials have been established and are well known by those skilled in the art. Sustained-release capsules may, depending on their chemical nature, release the compounds for a few weeks up to over 100 days. As certain of the carboxyl groups of the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives of the invention are acidic, and/or the substituent R may include acidic or basic substituents, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives may be included in any of the above- described formulations as the free acids, the free bases or as pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those salts which retain substantially the antimicrobial activity of the free acids or bases and which are prepared by reaction with bases or acids, respectively. Suitable acids and bases are well known to those of skill in the art. Pharmaceutical salts tend to be more soluble in aqueous and other protic solvents than are the corresponding free-base or acid forms. The antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives of the invention, or compositions thereof, will generally be used in an amount effective to achieve the intended purpose. Of course, it is to be understood that the amount used will depend on the particular application. For example, for use as a disinfectant or preservative, an antimicrobially effective amount of an antimicrobial Dab9 derivative or composition thereof is applied or added to the material to be disinfected or preserved. By "antimicrobial effective amount" is meant an amount of an antimicrobial Dab9 derivative or composition that inhibits the growth of, or is lethal to, a target microbe. While the actual amount will depend on the particular target microbe and application, for use as a disinfectant or preservative, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives, or compositions thereof, are usually added or applied to the material to be disinfected or preserved in relatively low amounts. Typically, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives comprise less than about 5% by weight of the disinfectant solution or material to be preserved, preferably less than about 1% by weight and more preferably less than about 0.1% by weight. An ordinarily skilled artisan will be able to determine antimicrobially effective amounts of particular antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives for particular applications without undue experimentation using, for example, the in vitro assays discussed above. For use to treat or prevent microbial infections, the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives of the invention, or compositions thereof, are administered or applied in a therapeutically effective amount. By "therapeutically effective amount" is meant an amount effective to ameliorate the symptoms of, or ameliorate, treat or prevent microbial infections. Determination of a therapeutically effective amount is well within the capabilities of those skilled in the art, especially in light of the detailed disclosure provided herein. As in the case of disinfectants and preservatives, a therapeutically effective dose for topical administration to treat or prevent microbial infections can be determined using, for example, the in vitro assays discussed above. The treatment may be applied while the infection is visible, or even when it is not visible. An ordinarily skilled artisan will be able to determine therapeutically effective amounts to treat topical infections without undue experimentation. For systemic administration, a therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially from in vitro assays. For example, a dose can be formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating antimicrobial Dab9 derivative concentration range that includes the MIC as determined in cell culture. Initial dosages can also be estimated from in vivo data, e.g., animal models, using techniques that are well known in the art. One having ordinary skill in the art can readily optimize administration to humans based on animal data. Alternatively, initial dosages can be determined from the dosages administered of known amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotics (e.g., amphomycin, aspartocin, crystallomycin, antibiotic A1437, friulimycin, glumamycin, tsushimycin and zaomycin) by comparing the MIC of the specific antimicrobial Dab9 derivative with that of the known antimicrobial agent, and adjusting the initial dosages accordingly. The optimal dosage may be obtained from these initial values by routine optimization. Dosage amount and interval may be adjusted individually to provide plasma levels of the active antimicrobial Dab9 derivative that are sufficient to maintain a therapeutic effect. Usual patient dosages for administration by injection range from about 0.1 to 200 mg/kg/day, but more typically range from about 1.5 to 15 mg/kg/day. Therapeutically effective serum levels may be achieved by administering a single dose daily or multiple doses each day. In cases of local administration or selective uptake, the effective local concentration of antimicrobial Dab9 derivative may not be related to plasma concentration. One having skill in the art will be able to optimize therapeutically effective local dosages without undue experimentation. The amount of antimicrobial Dab derivative administered will, of course, be dependent on, among other factors, the subject being treated, the subject's weight, the severity of the affliction, the manner of administration and the judgment of the prescribing physician. The antimicrobial therapy may be repeated intermittently while infections are detectable, or even when they are not detectable. The therapy may be provided alone or in combination with other drugs, such as for example other antibiotics or antimicrobials, or other antimicrobial Dab derivatives of the invention. Preferably, a therapeutically effective dose of the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives described herein will provide therapeutic benefit without causing substantial toxicity. Toxicity of the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives can be determined using standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., by determining the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) or the LD10o (the dose lethal to 100% of the population). The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effect is the therapeutic index. Antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives that exhibit high therapeutic indices are preferred. The data obtained from these cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a dosage range that is not toxic for use in human subjects. The dosage of the antimicrobial Dab9 derivatives described herein lies preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the effective dose with little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized. The exact formulation, route of administration and dosage can be chosen by the individual physician in view of the patient's condition or need thereof (see, e.g. Fingl et al, 1975, In: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Chapter 1). The invention having been described, the following examples are intended to illustrate, and not limit, the invention. EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1 COMPOUND SYNTHESIS A number of Dab9 derivatives of aspartocin were prepared according to Scheme (I) from cultured aspartocin, both with and without prior separation and isolation of the various fatty acid fractions. In the nomenclature used herein, "natC14" designates the isolated C14 fatty acid fraction of the indicated compound and "natC15" designates the isolated C15 fatty acid fraction of the designated compound. The substituent R6 attached to the β-amino group of the macrocyclic Dab9 residue follows the name of the parent amphomycin-type lipopeptide antibiotic (in parentheses). Fermentation of Aspartocin in a Bioreactor The aspartocin complex was produced by fermentation in a 700-liter stainless steel bioreactor. Biochemical synthesis of aspartocin is performed by inoculating a medium composed of 1.0% dextrose, 0.5% molasses, 1.0% Bacto Peptone, and 0.1% CaCO3 in 100 mL of tap water, with spore and mycelial scrapings from a slant of Streptomyces griseus ssp. spiralis (NRRL B-3290; BSP-M707). The inoculated medium is incubated at a temperature of about 28°C on a rotary shaker at about 180 rotations per minute (RPM) for about 48 hours providing a substantial and uniform vegetative growth. This seed growth, 10 ml, was transferred to 400 ml of the same medium in a 2-liter flask which was incubated under the same conditions and then added to 9.6 liters of the same medium in a 16-liter fermentor to give the 3rd stage seed after 48 hrs., 200 rpm, 5 Lpm air flow. This final seed stage was used to inoculate 500 liters of medium containing 1 g/L CaCO3, 10 g/L Grandma's Molasses (unsulfered), 10 g/L Difco Bacto Peptone, and 20 g/L Baker Dextrose adjusted to pH 7.1 prior to sterilization. Fermentation was conducted with agitation speed 200 rpm, air flow 125 Lpm, and 28°C with addition of antifoam, Mazu DF204, as required. Fermentation was harvested after 114 hours. Process to Obtain Crude Preparation The cells and other solids of the fermentation broth were removed by centrifugation and the supernatant, 470 L, was adjusted to pH 3.3 with HC1 and allowed to stand at 14°C for 2 hours. A precipitate was removed by centrifuge and discarded. The decant adjusted to pH 7.0 to which ammonium sulfate was added to cause precipitation of the crude antibiotic complex. The precipitate was separated by centrifugation, dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 7.0, and then freeze dried to obtain 2058 g of solid containing 5-7% of the aspartocin complex. Further purification was accomplished by the chelate procedure described below. Extractive Purification of Aspartocin A dark colored crude preparation, 68.3 grams, containing 5-7% of the aspartocin complex was dissolved in 500 ml distilled water and stirred as it was adjusted to pH 7.0 to obtain best water solubility. Some insoluble material was separated by centrifuge and the decant was adjusted to pH 3.5. The aspartocin complex was extracted by two sequential 1-butanol extractions (500 ml, 300 ml) and 600 ml of water were added to the combined butanol phases. The resulting two phase system was stirred and adjusted to pH 8.0 with 1 N NaOH to provide the aspartocin complex as the sodium salt in the aqueous phase. Calcium chloride (2.642 g) was added to the separated aqueous phase, and the aspartocin extracted into 1-butanol as a chelate by two sequential extractions (500 ml, 250 ml). To remove calcium, the 1-butanol phases were combined, mixed with 900 ml water, adjusted to pH 3.0, separated from the aqueous phase, and washed with 150 ml of water. The 1-butanol phase containing the aspartocin complex was combined with 500 ml water and adjusted to pH 7.0. To remove some residual pigments, the aqueous phase containing the antibiotic complex was adjusted to pH 3.0 and mixed with 500 ml of 1-butanol. The 1-butanol phase was separated, washed with 150 ml water (pH 2-3), and combined with 500 ml water and the mixture adjusted to pH 7.0. The aqueous phase containing the aspartocin complex as a partial sodium salt was evaporated under vacuum to remove residual 1-butanol and freeze- dried to obtain 3.6 g of a white powder. HPLC analysis of the purified complex showed that the aspartocin complex was approximately 90% pure by 215 nm area % with peaks of the complex between 9.4 to 10.6 minutes. The HPLC system utilized a Prodigy® 5μ ODS(2) column eluted with an eight minute gradient of 10% to 75% acetonitrile at pH 7.2 with 0.05 M phosphate buffer. Synthesis of Aspartocin(Dab9-N-GlycvD A solution of N-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) glycine (12.5 mg, 41.7 μmol) and O-benzotriazol-l-yl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate ("HBTU"; 15.8 mg, 41.7 μmol) in 0.75 mL of DMF was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. Aspartocin (50 mg, 37.9 μmol), prepared as described above, was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 30 minutes, after which time all of the aspartocin was acylated as detected by ion spray mass spectrometry. Piperidine (0.2 mL) was added in one portion and the solution was stirred for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was worked up by addition of saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (1 mL) as well as methanol (2 mL). The mixture was filtered and purified by reverse phase HPLC (70:30-10:90 of A:B in which A= 90% H2O, 10% acetonitrile ("ACN"), 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid ("TFA") and B= 90% ACN, 10% H2O, 0.1% TFA) over 32 minutes with a flow rate of 6.0 mL/min using a C18 Hyperprep BDS column from National Scientific (150 x 20 mm). The aspartocin(Dab9-N-glycyl) product eluted at approx. 30 minutes, with the C14 fraction eluting at about 29 min. and the C15 fraction eluting at about 29.5-30 min. Purity of each fraction from prep HPLC was further analyzed by reverse phase HPLC (100% A to 100% B in which A= 90% ammonium phosphate buffer at pH= 7.1, 10% ACN and B= 85% ACN, 15% H2O) at λ= 214 nm using a hypersil column from National Scientific (250 x 4.6 mm) at 40°C and only fractions higher than 95% purity were combined. [M + H]+ calcd for C62H99N14O21, 1375.7; found 1375.7. Synthesis of Additional Dab9 Derivatives Additional derivatives as specified in TABLE 1 were also synthesized. All acylations of aspartocin with amino acids were performed on 50 mg of aspartocin complex and the same ratio of the reagents as noted in Section 6.1.1, supra. In cases where the amino acid carries a t-butyl based protecting group, such as Fmoc-Ser(t-Bu)- OH, after removal of Fmoc, trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight. The mixture was then filtered as described before and purified by prep HPLC. Purification of the Dab9 Derivatives In general, the various Dab9 derivatives of aspartocin have very similar retention times on prep as well as on analytical HPLC. On prep, most derivatives eluted at about 28 to 30 minutes and on analytical at about 13 to 14 minutes. Each fraction was tested by analytical HPLC for purity as well as by ion spray mass spectrometry for characterization. The natural product produced by fermentation contains a family of analogs of aspartocin with the C15 fatty acid as the most abundant compound and the C14 fatty acid as the second abundant compound, in addition to other analogs. The C14 and C15 fatty acid fractions were separated by prep HPLC as described in Section 6.1.2, supra, and submitted for MIC measurements as described below. The various compounds synthesized and tested, as well as their observed masses (M + H) as determined by mass spectrometry, are provided in Table 1. EXAMPLE 2 IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY This Example demonstrates that the various Dab aspartocin derivatives synthesized according to the previous example exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria in in vitro assays. Determination of MIC Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined in the presence and absence of calcium according to the protocol described in Approved Standard M7-A3, supra. For measurements carried out in the presence of calcium, 4mM CaCl2 was added to the media at the beginning of the assay. Results The results of the various assays are tabulated in TABLE 1, below. As can be seen from TABLE 1, the presence of primary and secondary amines spaced about 3-6 carbons from the Dab9 β-amine improves the activity of these antimicrobial compounds. Amino acid side chains are well tolerated and do not appear to decrease the antimicrobial activity of the compounds. AU MICs are the average of three datapoints. EXAMPLE 3 IN Vivo EFFICACY The in vivo efficacy of the compounds of the invention was demonstrated with compound 1272 in a mouse protection model. Protocol Preparation of Inoculum An overnight culture of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ("MSSA"; Smith strain) grown to stationary phase in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) was diluted 1000-fold and maintained at 37°C in a shaking incubator. Approximately two hours later the culture was centrifuged and the pellet was washed with sterile phosphate-buffered saline ("PBS"). The washed pellet was then reconstituted in Mueller-Hinton Broth ("MHB") to achieve the desired density of bacteria. A portion of the inoculum was plated on blood agar plates to determine colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter. Formulation Compound IB- 1272 was formulated immediately before dosing in aqueous vehicle containing 5% dextrose. Compound IB-756 (Aspartocin) was formulated in PBS or 5% dextrose and used as a positive control. Regimen Immunocompetent Swiss Webster mice from Simonsen Laboratories, Gilroy, CA, received via intraperitoneal injection a single inoculum (0.5 ml) containing an estimated 4.0 x 107 CFU of MSSA Smith strain. The day of inoculation was designated study day 0. Immediately after infection, mice were treated subcutaneously with a single dose of vehicle alone, IB-1272 (2, 4, or 8 mg/kg), IB-756 (2.5 or 5 mg/kg in PBS), or IB-756 (2.5 or 5 mg/kg in 5% dextrose). A detailed description of the group assignments is presented in Table 2. TABLE 2 Group Predicted Actual Number Test Article Cone. Dose Dosage CFU/mouse CFU/mousea of Mice (mg/ml) Volume (mg/kg) (ml/kg) 1 4.0 xlO7 3.56 x lO7 11 Vehicle 0 4 0 2 4.0 xlO7 3.56 x lO7 10 IB-756 (in PBS) 0.63 4 2.5 3 4.0 xlO7 3.56 x lO7 10 IB-756 (in PBS) 1.25 4 5.0 4 4.0 xlO7 3.56 x lO7 10 IB-756 (in 5% 0.63 4 2.5 dextrose) 5 4.0 xlO7 3.56 x lO7 10 IB-756 (in 5% 1.25 4 5.0 dextrose) 6 4.0 xlO7 3.56 x lO7 10 IB-1272 0.5 4 2.0 7 4.0 xlO7 3.56 x lO7 10 IB-1272 1.0 4 4 8 4.0 xlO7 3.56 x lO7 10 IB-1272 2.0 4 8 "Actual CFU obtained from plate counts of the inoculum. Results Survival data are summarized in TABLE 3. Mortality in the vehicle- control mice was 100%. Mortality among mice treated subcutaneously with IB-756 (formulated in PBS) at doses of 2.5 or 5 mg/kg was 60% and 0%, respectively. Mortality among mice treated subcutaneously with IB-756 (formulated in 5% dextrose) at doses of 2.5 or 5 mg/kg was 50% and 0%, respectively. Mortality among mice treated subcutaneously with IB-1272 at doses of 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg was 50%, 0% and 0%, respectively. The ED50 for subcutaneously administered IB-1272 was <2.0 mg/kg in immunocompetent mice challenged intraperitoneally with MSSA Smith strain. The efficacy of IB-756 (aspartocin) was the same when formulated in 5% dextrose or in PBS. TABLE 3 Survival of Immunocompetent Mice infected Intraperitoneally with MSSA and Dosed Subcutaneously with IB-1272 Group Compound Actual Dosage Number Number Percent Percent CFU/Mouse (mg/kg) of Mice Dead Mortality Survival 1 None 3.56 x lO7 0 11 11 100 0 (vehicle) 2 IB-756 (in PBS) 3.56 x lO7 2.5 10 6 60 40 3 IB-756 (in PBS) 3.56 x lO7 5.0 10 0 0 100 4 IB-756 (in 5% 3.56 x lO7 2.5 10 5 50 50 dextrose) 5 IB-756 (in 5% 3.56 x lO7 5.0 10 0 0 100 dextrose) 6 IB-1272 3.56 x lO7 2.0 10 5 50 50 7 IB-1272 3.56 x lO7 4 10 0 0 100 8 IB-1272 3.56 x lO7 8 10 0 0 100 Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail to facilitate understanding, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the described embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims. All literature and patent references cited throughout the application are incorporated by reference into the application for all purposes.