Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, the seronegative spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, giant cell arteritis, and Graves' disease are autoimmune disorders commonly encountered by family physicians. These autoimmune disorders can have devastating systemic and ocular effects. Ocular symptoms may include dry or red eyes, foreign-body sensation, pruritus, photophobia, pain, visual changes, and even complete loss of vision. Because a number of these diseases may initially present with ocular symptoms, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion to make a timely diagnosis. A thorough ophthalmic examination, including visual acuity, pupillary reaction, ocular motility, confrontation field testing, external inspection, and direct ophthalmoscopy with fluorescein staining, should be completed. In the patient with the complaint of a "dry eye" or a "red eye," simple tools such as the Schirmer's test or the blanching effect of phenylephrine can be useful in diagnosis. In general, managing the systemic effects with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive agents controls the ocular symptoms. When visual function is threatened, surgical therapy may be necessary. Early and accurate diagnosis with prompt treatment or referral to an ophthalmologist may prevent systemic and ocular disabilities.
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Learn about pain, a multiple sclerosis symptom that can be a direct result of damage to the nerves (neurogenic pain), or can also be from living with disability and its effects (nociceptive pain).
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WebMD explains disorders that happen when your immune system, which is supposed to protect you, mistakenly attacks healthy parts of your body and what kind of treatments may be used.
New research indicates that diet may influence traditional rheumatoid arthritis treatment. This article summarizes the current science and recommendations.
Fibromyalgia
Acupuncture can relieve pain, stress, and anxiety. Here’s how this ancient Eastern art can improve your mental and physical well-being.
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Peter is a patient living with ankylosing spondylitis. Hear how the disease affects his life and ambitions for the future.© 2015 Novartis AG
A dermatologist weighs in on all the psoriasis remedies Kim Kardashian West has spoken out about for treating this pesky skin condition
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