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Sydney Suburbs continued: Allawah - Annandale

______________________________ ALLAWAH Location: 16 kilometres south-west of Sydney Name origin: The word “allawah” means “live here” or “stay here” in aboriginal. Given the history of relations with indigenous Australians from colonial days to the present, I would say that it is unlikely that such word and meaning was ever directed to whites. Further comments: Part of a land grant made to Captain John Townson in 1808. Received its own railway station in 1925 which stimulated a house-building boom. Gallery: Allawah Hotel ______________________________ AMBARVALE Location: 54 kilometres south west of Sydney between Appin Road and Menangle Road. Name origin: Ambarvale is a suburb or recent origin. Established in 1973, the name of the suburb comes from the name of the property owned by ex-convict Samuel Larken, the land acquisition taking place in 1816. He had been sentenced to transportation for life in 1800 for stealing a watch and some silver spoons. Within a short time of his arrival he received a pardon and became a clerk to Governor King and later to Governors Bligh and Macquarie. Larken married Elizabeth, the daughter of John Wild, who owned the property adjoining Ambarvale. The two properties later became the site of the suburb of St Helen’s Park. Further comments: The suburb was developed as a project by Lend Lease, which named the streets after Charles Dicken’s characters. Dickens Road recognises the novelist himself, while Copperfield Drive acknowledges David Copperfield. There are also Barnaby Place, after the novel Barnaby Rudge, Boythorn and Jarndyce Bleak House, and Miss Havisham, Estella, Jaggers, and Joe Gargery from Great Expectations. Nickelby Way comes from Nicholas Nickelby, as does Lillyvicks Crescent, Squeers Place, Cheeryble Place, and Mantalini Street. Lend Lease didn’t go with Dickens character names, such as Mr Snawley, Sir Tumley Sniffim and Uncle Pumblechook. --------------- A major attraction to many early home buyers was a large 'ornamental lake', created to disguise a shale quarry. Criticised as being more of a 'drowning pool' for children, it was filled and turned into Fieldhouse Park , named after an early family. Gallery: Appin Road at the intersection with Woodbine Drive ______________________________ ANNANDALE Location: 5 kilometres south west of Sydney. Name origin: Major George Johnston (1764-1823) captained one of the First Fleet ships. He was granted 100 acres (0.40 km2) of land in the area around Annandale and Stanmore, which became known as Johnston's Bush. He later renamed it Annandale after his birthplace Annan in Scotland. His name is remembered in Johnston Street, Johnston Lane, Johnstons Creek and Johnstons Bay. Major George Johnston Further comments: Johnston is the stuff of which a movie should be made. He went to America with his regiment, and took part in the 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill, an early part of the Revolutionary War. He of course was on the side of the Brits and he distinguished himself by seizing the colours and carrying them into action after the standard-bearer had been mortally wounded. During the fight, his father received a chest wound, from which he subsequently died. The Duke of Northumberland, who had held Johnston's father in high regard, became Johnston's guardian, and throughout his life the nobleman retained a keen personal interest in his fortunes. He subsequently served aboard HMS Sultan in the East Indies in 1781, suffering a severe wound in action against the French. Returned to garrison duty in Portsmouth, he volunteered to join the New South Wales Marine Corps, which would accompany the First Fleet to New South Wales. He sailed for Australia aboard the convict transport Lady Penrhyn in 1788. On arrival in the colony Johnston served as adjutant to Governor Arthur Phillip, and was promoted in 1789 to the rank of Captain-Lieutenant of Marines. He transferred from the New South Wales Marine Corps to the locally-raised New South Wales Corps in 1791 with the rank of captain. In 1804 he led a military force that broke up the rebellion of Irish convicts at Castle Hill, attacking several hundred armed convicts with a small force. He also arrested Governor Bligh at Government House during the Rum Rebellion in 1808. Sent to England where he was tried for mutiny, he received a very light punishment and returned a private citizen. --------------- Johnston had 7 children by Elizabeth Abrahams, one of the convicts aboard Johnston’s First Fleet ships. They built Annandale House on his land grant and farmed the property. He married her in 1814. --------------- George's son Robert inherited his estate and in 1877 sold it to John Young, who was a businessman, architect and mayor. Young began turning the Johnston estate into an attractive suburb by building a number of picturesque houses. One of those houses was Kenilworth, with a "witch's cap" style of roof common to that period of architecture, which Young rented to Henry Parkes, father of Federation and former Premier of NSW. Other houses in the group wereThe Abbey, Oybin, Rozelle (now demolished), Greba, Hockingdon, Highroyd and Claremont (now demolished). Some of the houses are popularly known as "witches houses" because their towers resemble witches' hats. Of the various houses in this group, The Abbey is the most notable. Of the various houses in this group, Built by John Young, The Abbey has been described as a stone Gothic Revival mansion, modelled on Scottish manors. Young gave his imagination a free rein and the house incorporates gables, arches, gargoyles, lions, quatrefoils, chimneys, turrets, a cloister and a tower with copper cladding (it was rumoured that Young may have stolen gargoyles from St Mary's Cathedral, which he built, but there was no proof). Young was the highest ranking Mason in Australia and The Abbey incorporates Masonic themes. It is possible that the building may have been used by Young as a Masonic Lodge. John Young --------------- American author, Mark Twain, stayed in Johnston Street, in the home of Sir Henry Parkes toward the end of Parkes' life Gallery: Former tram service, corner of Booth and Johnston Streets 1955 Four houses of the Johnston Street group today: Kenilworth, Highroyd, Hockindon and Greba The "Annandale Post Office, Annandale (NSW)" is most likely the original Petersham Post Office, renamed the Annandale Post Office in 1872. The Abbey, sold in 2009 for $4,860,000. More of the real estate agency photos follow. It has since been restored, I believe. Johnston Street Annandale, around 1890 Johnston Street, Annandale looking South c 1888 Hunter Baillie Church in the distance Young Street, Annandale c 1955 Looking east along Johnston Street Annandale, from Johnstons Bay, ca.1888 Panoramic view of Annandale and surrounding district looking south from the top of new Annandale Theatre, c1920. Johnston’s Lane From a series of images showing the areas in Sydney affected by the outbreak of Bubonic Plague in 1900. Taken by Mr. John Degotardi, Jr., photographer from the Department of Public Works, the images depict the state of the houses and 'slum' buildings at the time of the outbreak and the cleansing and disinfecting operations which followed. Witches' Hat houses, date unknown Johnston Street, Annandale, date unknown.
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I Grew Up in Mortdale 2223 - THE RAILWAY HEADS SOUTH (Part 1) Sydney' first railway stock was shipped from England in 1854-1958 comprising goods and livestock wagons. For Robert Stephenson & Co. locomotives arrived in 1855 and carriages by a Birmingham firm, Wright & Sons. This rolling stock was to be used in the first railway service from Sydney to Parramatta Junction (now Granville), opened on 26 September 1855 : the first government-owned railway in the British Empire. The 14-mile journey lasted some 45 minutes with stops at Newtown, Ashfield, Burwood and Homrbush. The colony took with enthusiasm to the railway Between 1873 and 1895 some 3,426 kilometres of railway was approved by the New South Wales government and 97 kilometres went through the metropolitan area. The southern suburbs did not neglect public transport for as early as 1848 Gannon's horse bus operated a service from the Union Inn, Cooks River, to Sydney and return journeys. Horse buses and coaches were the usual mode of transport for the district until the 1870's. Naturally there was agitation for a railway service, especially as produce had to transported by small vessels from the Illawarra. Coal also had to be transported from southern mines. Market gardeners and orchardists wanted their produce transported to market quickly and road transport was slow and tedious. At the time, politicians in New South Wales were not paid a salary and wealthy and successful businessmen became members of parliament. Politicians were able to buy land, approve transport through it, then subdivide and sell the land at considerable profit. In fact politicians banded together promising to vote for their own project at a later date, a practice known as 'log-rolling'. Prominent landholders like Thomas Holt envisaged greater wealth and power if the railway passed through their holdings. Holt invited influential men to his estate at Sutherland to dine on oysters from his Georges River leases. He wanted to dam both Cooks and Georges Rivers for water supply for Sydney and bought most of the land on the Rocky Point peninsula and envisaged factories behind the sand dunes at Botany Bay. For 12 years the Hon, John Sutherland, Minister for works in New South Wales government , argued for the construction of the railway and provided practical information and financial data. Both Colonial Secretary Henry Parkes and Sutherland had taken up 4,168 acres at Jumberoo. There were various proposals for a suitable route forcing land values up and speculators to lobby the Minister of Public Works. In 1881 the Public Works Act authorised the raising of over £1,000,000 for a railway from Sydney to Wollongong and Kiama. Eventually it was announced it would run from between Eveleigh and Macdonaldtown platforms to Georges River and south to some 14 miles north of Buli Pass. Soon the old district was abuzz with surveyors and construction teams, a station pegged out at Arncliffe, another on the property of the pioneer Greeves family at Rockdale. On the original grant of James Chandler the new platforms for Kogarah would rise and another station at Hurstville. Some stations were not built until later, such as Carlton in 1889, Banksia 1906 and Allawah 1925. Early trains and platforms were lit by gaslight, later converted to electricity. Ladies waiting rooms on platforms sometimes had a marble fireplace surmounted by a large mirror. The official opening of the first section of the Illawarra line (Redfern to Hurstville) on 15 October 1884 was a gala occasion. There was a regatta on Koharah Bay. residents crowded the new stations which were decorated with wildflowers and greenery. Francis Augustas Wright, Secretary for Public Works and Member of the Legislative Assembly for Redfern, deputised for Colonial Secretary Alexander Stuart, who had suffered a severe stroke. Stuart had been appointed to the position in 1883. Wright in his speech said members of the Parliament were 'working themselves into beds of sickness for the good of their country (Daily Telegraph 16 Oct 1884). The day was also the 65th birthday of Sir John Robertson and by lunch he was 'very jovial'. His speech was so long most official guests missed the regatta held in their honour and almost missed catching the steamer 'Cyclops' for an inspection of the bridge at Como. The pilot on the steamer ran onto a mudbank and the guests missed the special train back to the city. The first regular passengers train departed from Hurstville the next morning bringing a new era to the St George district. The first line was a double track only Railway construction continued with an iron gauntlet railway bridge between Oatley and Como opened on 26th December 1885, however the bridge was officially opened as a temporary measure. This allowed trains to travel from the City to the National Park during the holiday period. The bridge was closed on 4th January 1886 until official load tests could be completed. This was carried out on the 19th Janary 1886. By 1889, 28 trains day (week day) departed from Redfern. Even the Sunday service offered 14 trains each way. Land prices had jumped when speculators began operations in the district. Companies followed the speculators and were able to buy widely and in quantity so that there was subdivisions of the old large holdings for resale as home building lots. The district's character began to change as farms, orchards and dairies gave way to workers's homes. Estate agents advised of valuable subdivisions close to the new Illawarra line. Eager purchases rushed to inspect the new suburbs and availed themselves of the offered free rail travel with afternoon tea provided. At Kogarah allotments sold from 23-60 shillings per foot and allotments with cottage fetched £470. Areas such as Rockdale forged ahead and later became a pleasant residential suburb. A year after the railway came to Kogarah the area was declared a municipality. The opening of the railway induced new residents south and grand houses were built on old estates such as Athelstane, residence of William George Judd at Arncliffe (Managing Director of Judd's Brickworks at Mortdale). The houses were statement of position and respectability of the owners. Judd had been mayor of St Peyers. When he resided at his new home he became an alderman of West Botany, becoming mayor from 1885 to 1889 and 1898 to 1900. The first Rockdale a Town Hall was built when he was mayor. Judd later became a Member of Legislative Assembly for Canterbury in 1885. He recommended the present location of the Illawarra railway to Hurtville in 1884, When the plans for the Illawarra line were surveyed in 1873-1874, the records show that a freight route to Wollongong was considered. The line was to commence at Balmain, continue to Rockdale, cross the Georges River by train ferry from Rocky Point to Taren Point and then across the property of Thomas Holt's Sutherland estate. It was to carry coal and marketable produce from the South Coast. This proposal lapsed. (The railway line crosses over the Como Bridge between Oatley and Como) The Illawarra line was the first to be electrified in 1926. There was duplication of the line between 1920 and 1924 and some places the building of new platforms. The old Como railway bridge eventually became inadequate and a new one was built in 1972, next to the old one which was classified by the National Trust of Australia (NSW) and is now a pedestrian and cycle way. On 29 May 1965 the Captain Cook spanning the Georges River between Rocky Point at Sans Souci and Taren Point (Sutherland Shire) was officially opened as part of the Southern Expressway

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THE RAILWAY HEADS SOUTH (Part 1) Sydney' first railway stock was shipped from England in 1854-1958 comprising goods and livestock wagons. For Robert...