Residents and geologists alike have been perplexed by this new discovery.
An earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by an abrupt shift of rock along a fracture in the earth called fault. A fault is a break in the earth's outer layer caused by movement of a rock. There are three faults that can cause earthquakes, they are called, normal, reverse(thrust) and a strike-slip. Normal faults occur in places where the lithosphere is being stretched. They can also be found in deltas, at the rear edges of huge gravitation slumps and slides. Normal faults can show different geometries. In some situations the faults can become gently dipping at depth so that they have a spoon shape. Other normal faults are found in batches, dipping in the same direction, with rotated fault blocks between. Then, a reverse (thrust) fault is opposite of normal fault. Thrust faults have low dip angles. A high-angle thrust fault is called a reverse fault. The difference between a thrust fault and a reverse fault is in their influence. A reverse fault occurs primarily across lithological units where as a thrust usually occurs within or at a low angle to lithological units. And the third fault is strike-slip; it is vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally. If the block opposite an observer looking across the fault moves to the right, the slip style is termed right lateral; if the block moves to the left, the motion is termed left lateral. There are two sides of none-vertical fault known as the hanging wall and foot wall. Hanging wall is occurring above the fault and the foot wall occurs below the fault. There are three types of faults, a dip-slip fault, strike-slip fault and a strike and dip. A dip-slip fault is where the relative movement (or slip) on the fault plane is approximately vertical. And a strike-slip fault is where the slip approximately horizontal, it is also called as trans current. And lastly, strike and dip slip is an oblique-slip fault that has no zero components of both strike and dip slip. It occur either as "reverse" or as "normal" fault. Strike-Slip Fault Normal Fault Reverse Fault This March 11, 2011 an earthquake and tsunami hits Japan's Eastern Coast, Friday, killing hundreds of people as it swept away boats, cars and homes while widespread fires burned out of control. Hours later, the tsunami hit Hawaii and warnings blanketed the Pacific, putting areas on alert as far away as South America, Canada, Alaska and the entire U.S. West Coast. In Japan, the area around a nuclear power plant in the northeast was evacuated after the reactor's cooling system failed. 200 to 300 bodies were found in the northeastern coastal city of Sendai, the city in Miyagi prefecture (state) closest to the quake's epicenter. Another 88 were confirmed killed and at least 349 were missing. The death toll was likely to continue climbing given the scale of the disaster.The magnitude-8.9 offshore quake unleashed a 23-foot (seven-meter) tsunami and was followed by more than 50 aftershocks for hours, many of them of more than magnitude 6.0. Dozens of cities and villages along a 1,300-mile (2,100-kilometer) stretch of coastline were shaken by violent tremors that reached as far away as Tokyo, hundreds of miles (kilometers) from the epicenter. A large section of Kesennuma, a town of 70,000 people in Miyagi, burned furiously into the night with no apparent hope of the flames being extinguished, public broadcaster NHK said. When the earth shakes due to the movements of plates below the earth’s crust it is known as Earthquake. Earthquakes are natural disasters, which kill thousands of people in an instant and can destroy cities and countries- human habitation across miles. The destruction is the maximum near the epicenter, the place from where the vibrations arise and spread. Of late there have been many such natural disasters, which can be associated with earthquakes like the Tsunami that hit the shores of India, Thailand and razed down buildings and annihilated many lives. It seemed like Mother Nature was avenging herself on us who have used all her endowments to the fullest extent without caring to rejuvenate them. Here we would try to find out the causes of earthquakes so that we can all contribute to the prevention of such things in our own small ways. Individual awareness would definitely lead to mass awareness. The outer layer of the earth is divided into many sections known as plates, which are floating on the molten magma beneath the earth’s crust. Now the movement of these plates is determined by the convection current in the molten magma. The heat makes these plates rise and vice versa. Therefore after intervals there are plates that get submerged in the molten magma and there plates that rise upwards and at times even new crust is formed from the molten magma which in turn forms a new plate until it connects itself with the already existing ones. At times these plates and can be pushed up to form mountains and hills and the movement is so slow that it is really hard to comprehend that there is any movement at all. The movement and the results come out to be visible suddenly. Now these plates are the bases on which the continents stand and when these plates move the continents also move. Most of the earthquakes occur on the edges of the plates where a plate is under one or across. This movement disrupts the balance and position of all plates, which leads to tremors, which are called earthquakes. Top Five Earthquakes in the World 1. Earthquake in Chile on May 22, 1960; 9.5 Magnitude. 2. Prince William Sound, Alaska on Mrch 27, 1964; 9.2 Magnitude 3. Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra on December 26, 2004; 9.1 Magnitude 4. Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan on March 11, 2011; 9.0 Magnitude 5. Kamchatka Earthquake on November 4, 1952; 9.0 Magnitude
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