AP Human Geography Exam Review 2022 with complete solution absolute location - The actual space a place occupies on Earth's surface acculturation - The change that occurs within a culture when it adopts a practice from another culture agglomeration effects - The cost advantages (external economies) for an individual company gained by locating near similar industries or companies agribusiness - Commercial agriculture in which large corporations own and operate various steps in the production process with an emphasis on profit agricultural density - The number of people living in rural areas per unit of agricultural land alliance - An association among countries for the purpose of mutual defense or trade animism - The belief that spirits (including ancestral) live within objects such as animals, rivers, rocks, trees, and mountains antecedent boundary - A boundary placed before the cultural landscape was developed artifact - Tangible pieces of material culture assimilation - The process in which immigrants become totally integrated into the host culture backwash effect - The negative impact to the peripheral region sometimes caused by increased flows of labor and capital into a nearby high-growth region basic sector - Goods and services produced for individuals outside the urban work area bid rent curve - The concept that the concentric circles in Burgess's concentric zone model are based on the amount people are willing to pay for land in each zone biotechnology - The application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value built environment - The material culture of an environment carrying capacity - The number of people an area can support on a sustained basiscentral business district (CBD) - The business area found at the center of every older central city and urban area central place theory - A theory developed by Walter Christaller that states that cities exist for economic reasons and that people gather in cities to share goods and ideas centrifugal force - A strong, divisive force, such as religious differences or a weak communication systems, at work in a country centripetal force - A strong, unifying force, such as a charismatic leader or nationalism, at work in a country chain migration - The part of a migrant flow (usually relatives and friends) that follows former migrants to an area channelized migration - Repetitive pattern of migration not linked to family or ethnicity (senior citizens moving to the Sun Belt)