Download scientific diagram | Pressure waveform pitfalls and abnormalities . CA cannon a-wave, CVP central venous pressure, ECG electrocardiogram, RV right ventricle, RVP right ventricular pressure, PAP pulmonary artery pressure, ART arterial from publication: The contemporary pulmonary artery catheter. Part 1: placement and waveform analysis | Nowadays, the classical pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) has an almost 50-year-old history of its clinical use for hemodynamic monitoring. In recent years, the PAC evolved from a device that enabled intermittent cardiac output measurements in combination with static pressures... | Catheters, Hemodynamic Monitoring and arterial pressure | ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists.