Genetic mutations are closely associated with colon cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. These mutations occur when there are changes in the DNA sequence, and they can be caused by environmental influences, lifestyle choices, or inherited predispositions. Hereditary colon cancer syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, account for a small portion of cases, while the majority are sporadic and arise from acquired mutations during a person's lifetime. Genetic testing can help detect mutations associated with increased colon cancer risk. Lifestyle choices, such as diet and exercise, can also influence the occurrence of mutations and the development of colon cancer. Preventative measures, such as regular screenings, healthy lifestyle choices, and managing inflammation, can help reduce the risk of colon cancer.