Book Synopsis Tracing the history of the sugar trade and its consumption in the Persian Gulf during the 18th century, this book explores the interplay of social, economic and political interests created by this popular commodity. The study of sugar has, until now, focused mainly on its significant growth in European markets from the mid-17th century and, more recently, parallel developments in East Asia. In this book, Daito shows how the sugar trade also developed in, and became important to, the Indian Ocean World. Studying how the consumption of sugar wavered after the brutal overthrow of the Safavid dynasty in 1722, this book shows how the Dutch East India Company and the trading network responded to political upheavals in the region and, consequently, the changing trading conditions. Arguing that sugar continued to be imported and consumed despite these political disturbances, Sugar and the Indian Ocean World proves this was not a period of economic stagnation for the region, and shows how sugar became an important intersection between socio-cultural practices and the Indian Ocean economy. About the Author Norifumi Daito is Assistant Professor at the Historiographical Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan. He received his PhD in History from Leiden University, Netherlands, in 2017.

From the earliest of humankind to the present day, the history of South Africa is interesting and different - land issues, gold ..

The map of Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) from 1681, attributed to Frederick de Wit holds significant historical importance for several reasons: Historical Context 1. Colonial Era: This map dates back to the Dutch colonial era when Batavia served as the administrative and commercial hub of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The VOC was a powerful trading entity that played a crucial role in the global spice trade and colonization in Southeast Asia. 2. Strategic Importance: Batavia was strategically located on the northwestern coast of Java, providing the Dutch with a critical base for their maritime operations. The city became the center of Dutch political and military control in the region. Cartographic Significance 1. Detailed Urban Layout: The map meticulously details the layout of Batavia, including its fortifications, canals, streets, and significant buildings. This level of detail provides insights into the urban planning and architectural styles of the period. 2. Military Engineering: The fortifications shown on the map illustrate the advanced military engineering techniques used by the Dutch to protect their valuable colony. The walls, bastions, and moats indicate the strategic considerations taken to defend against potential invasions. 3. Maritime Activity: The depiction of ships in the harbor highlights Batavia's role as a major maritime center. The VOC's fleets were essential for trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and Asia, making Batavia a crucial node in global commerce. Artistic and Cultural Value 1. Artistic Elements: The decorative elements, such as the lion holding a shield and the intricate cartouches, reflect the artistic trends of Dutch Golden Age cartography. These embellishments were not only informative but also served to display the cartographer's skill and the map's prestige. 2. Cultural Exchange: Maps like this one provide evidence of cultural exchange between the Dutch and the indigenous populations of Java. The blending of Dutch and local influences can be seen in various aspects of the map and the architecture of the city. Rarity and Preservation 1. Rarity: Maps from the 17th century, especially those in good condition, are relatively rare and highly valued by collectors and historians. Each map provides a unique snapshot of historical geography and urban development. 2. Preservation of History: This map serves as a historical document, preserving knowledge about Batavia's cityscape, infrastructure, and colonial governance. It helps historians and scholars understand the socio-economic and political dynamics of the period. Conclusion The map of Batavia from 1681 is special due to its detailed depiction of one of the most important colonial cities in Southeast Asia during the Dutch Golden Age. It reflects the strategic, economic, and cultural significance of Batavia, serving as a valuable resource for understanding the history of Dutch colonialism and its global impact. The map's artistry and precision make it an important artifact in the history of cartography. --------------- The map is an original and historical map of Batavia (present-day Jakarta) on the island of Java, dated 1681. There are several details to consider when evaluating its origins and possible authorship: 1. **Style and Detail**: The intricate details and style are reminiscent of maps created by Frederick de Wit, a prominent Dutch cartographer and engraver of the 17th century. He was known for his detailed city maps and sea charts. 2. **Lack of Signature**: The absence of "F. de Wit, Excudit" could indicate either an omission or a different engraver. However, it is essential to note that some maps from that period were reproduced or copied by other engravers and cartographers. This was not uncommon, as map-making was a collaborative effort, and copies of popular maps were frequently made. 3. **Map Characteristics**: - The depiction of ships and the detailed fortifications are typical of Dutch cartography in the late 17th century. - The decorative elements, such as the lion holding a shield, are also characteristic of Dutch map engravers. 4. **Other Possible Engravers**: While Frederick de Wit is a strong candidate, other notable Dutch engravers from that period include Joan Blaeu and Willem Janszoon Blaeu. They also produced highly detailed maps and could potentially be the creators or inspirers of this map. To determine the precise authorship, you might consider: - **Comparing** this map with other confirmed works of Frederick de Wit and his contemporaries to identify stylistic similarities and differences. - **Historical Records**: Consulting historical records or publications related to Dutch cartography in the 17th century might provide more context or even direct references to this particular map. If you have access to additional details or higher-resolution images of specific sections, it might help further pinpoint the map's origin and authorship. ------------- Frederick de Wit (1629–1706) was a prominent Dutch cartographer, engraver, and publisher known for his detailed and decorative maps, atlases, and globes. He played a significant role in the Dutch Golden Age of cartography, contributing to the wealth of geographic knowledge and artistic achievement during this period. Here are key aspects of his life and work: ### Biography - **Early Life**: Frederick de Wit was born in Gouda, Netherlands, in 1629. Little is known about his early years, but he moved to Amsterdam, the epicenter of Dutch cartography, in the mid-17th century. - **Career Beginnings**: De Wit began his career as an engraver and publisher, initially producing maps that were reissues of earlier works by other cartographers, such as Joan Blaeu and Willem Janszoon Blaeu. ### Contributions to Cartography - **Mapmaking**: De Wit was known for his meticulous attention to detail and artistic flair. He produced a wide range of maps, including world maps, regional maps, city plans, and maritime charts. His maps were praised for their accuracy, detail, and aesthetic appeal. - **Atlases**: One of his significant contributions was the publication of atlases. In 1670, he published his first atlas, titled "Atlas," which included a collection of detailed maps covering various parts of the world. His atlases were highly regarded and widely distributed. - **City Plans**: De Wit produced detailed city plans, including those of major European cities and colonial outposts like Batavia. These plans were valuable for their detailed representation of urban layouts and fortifications. ### Artistic Style - **Decorative Elements**: De Wit's maps are renowned for their decorative elements, including elaborate cartouches, ornate borders, and artistic depictions of ships, sea monsters, and allegorical figures. These embellishments made his maps not only practical tools but also works of art. - **Engraving Quality**: His maps were characterized by high-quality engraving and printing techniques, which enhanced their visual appeal and durability. ### Legacy and Influence - **Global Reach**: Frederick de Wit's maps and atlases were distributed widely across Europe and beyond, influencing other cartographers and contributing to the diffusion of geographic knowledge. - **Collectability**: Today, De Wit's maps and atlases are highly sought after by collectors and historians. They are prized for their historical significance, artistic beauty, and craftsmanship. - **Preservation of Knowledge**: His works provide valuable insights into the geographical understanding of the 17th century, reflecting the political, economic, and cultural contexts of the time. ### Notable Works - **Nova Orbis Tabula in Lucem Edita**: A world map published in the late 17th century, showcasing the latest geographical discoveries and adorned with elaborate decorations. - **Atlas Maior**: One of his most comprehensive atlases, containing a vast collection of maps covering the known world, from Europe to Asia and the Americas. Conclusion Frederick de Wit was a master cartographer whose work epitomized the Dutch Golden Age of cartography. His maps and atlases were celebrated for their precision, detail, and artistic quality, leaving a lasting legacy in the history of mapmaking. His contributions helped shape the understanding of geography in the 17th century and continue to be appreciated for their historical and aesthetic value.

Dutch East Indies. Indonesia. Palembang 1788 AD Pitis. Condition: BC. Weight: 1.04 gr. Diameter: 18mm. 》 In 1788, Palembang was a region under the control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), a powerful colonial entity, which significantly influenced the trade and administration of the region. Indonesia was made up of various kingdoms and sultanates, and Palembang was one of these states, with its own sultan and government structure. During this period, the VOC's policies, and interaction with local leaders, defined much of economic and social life.

Art.com | We Are Art We exist so you can have the art you love. Art.com gives you easy access to incredible art images and top-notch craftsmanship. High-Quality Framed Art Prints Our high-end framed wall art is printed on premium paper using non-toxic, archival inks that protect against UV light to resist fading. Experience unmatched quality and style as you choose from a wide range of designs to enhance your room décor. Professionally Crafted Framed Wall Art Attention to detail is at the heart of our process, as we exclusively use 100% solid wood frames that include 4-ply white core matboard and durable, frame-grade clear acrylic for clarity, long-lasting protection of the artwork and unrivaled quality. With a thoughtfully selected frame and mat combination, this piece is designed to complement your art and create a visually appealing display. Easy-to-Hang & Ready-to-Display Artwork Each framed art piece comes with hanging hardware affixed to the back of the frame, allowing for easy and convenient installation. Ready to display right out of the box. Handcrafted in the USA. Travel Art Art is the best way of seeing the world when travel isn’t possible. Explore our curation of travel art for a trip around the globe. See from tourist favorites landmarks–the Eiffel tower– to hidden gems like the breathtaking landscapes of Yosemite National Park. Whether you find a cozy reminder of home, your dream destinations, or even cool maps of the world, our handcrafted frames will give it the perfect finishing touch. The Print This art print displays sharp, vivid images with a high degree of color accuracy. A member of the versatile family of art prints, this high-quality reproduction represents the best of both worlds: quality and affordability. Art prints are created using a digital or offset lithography press. Paper Type: Art Print Finished Size: 18" x 12" Arrives by Sat, Jun 29 Product ID: 55626141851A

A historical account of the monetary systems and commercial practices used by the Dutch East India Company in its trade with Japan and China during 1817-1818, based on original records, with special focus on opium, customs duties, and tax policies.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the \"public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Chinese porcelain teapot and cover, c. 1750, Qianlong Period. The globular teapot, painted after a Meissen porcelain original, in the manner of J.G. Horoldt, with a Chinoiserie scene, of a seated man, taking tea, before a table, within quatrelobed gilt and iron red cartouche. The cover similarly decorated, and having a tear drop finial. Height – 12 cm, 4 3/4”. Width – 19 cm, 7 1/2” (Spout to handle.) Depth – 11 cm, 4 1/4”. Condition – Repair to tip of spout. Typical wear to the gilt.

Dutch East Indies. Indonesia. Palembang 1792. Pitis. Condition: BC+. Weight: 1.08 gr. Diameter: 19mm. 》 In 1792, Palembang was a region of the Dutch East Indies: a vast territory, under the control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), which had established an extensive trade network, and maintained a strong presence in the Indonesian archipelago, exploiting natural resources, and dominating the spice trade, such as pepper and tin.

by Karen Williams Slavery in South Africa began at the same time as colonisation in 1652, when Jan van Riebeeck, the representative of the Dutch East India Company (the VOC), arrived in Cape Town …

While the world is fast developing there are a few communities that are keeping old traditions & cultures alive. Here's a gallery of places to go back in time.

One particular ship has revealed through its timbers the history of the shipbuilding materials that enabled the Dutch East India Company to flourish.

In 1629, the Batavia met disaster off Australia. A new analysis of the shipwreck’s tree rings uncovers how such vessels were built.

This is a rare and exquisite 1726 map of central Java by Francois Valentijn. It covers from modern day Semarang (Samarang) east to Tuban (Toeban). The important cities of Madiun (Madion), Ponorogo (Panaraga) and others are noted. The map offers beautiful engraving and extraordinary detail throughout, noting rice plantations, mountain ranges, forests, rivers and a host of additional topographical features. The previously unknown southern shore is mapped both correctly and in considerable detail. Offshore reefs, soundings and coastal features are also shown.The Dutch were active in this region since the 17th century and had no doubt produced accurate manuscript charts of the Island, but these were carefully guarded trade secrets controlled by the powerful Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (V.O.C. or Dutch East India Company). The VOC's policy of extreme secrecy, especially regarding cartographic matters, historically limited publication of their charts. As a VOC officer, Valentijn doubtless had access to VOC manuscript records which he complied into his remarkable collection of maps. Valentijn's maps are so superior to previous maps that their publication itself is rather surprising, making this particular map an extremely rare find. A highly important map of the region and a must for a serious collection focusing on the East Indies. Prepared by Francois Valentijn for inclusion in his eight volume five part masterwork Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien.

Coinbase has hired Durgesh Kaushik, the former head of Snap India, as Senior Director for Market Expansion.

Tender and juicy, this Dutch oven pot roast recipe transforms an affordable cut of meat into a delicious comfort food dinner!

This dutch oven garlic rosemary bread recipe is one of my new favorites, and it’s so simple. There is seriously nothing more comforting than homemade bread.

A study of how Napoleon's very real and very serious threat to British India was countered. Following Napoleon's defeat of Prussia in 1806 and his treaties with Russia and Persia in 1807, the French threat to Britain's position in India seemed real and strengthening. At the same time, Napoleon's economic warfare with Britain and the success of French privateers in disrupting British trade in the Indian Ocean were having a severe impact. This book, based on extensive original research, relates in detail how Lord Minto, a Cabinet-level politician who was appointed Governor-General of Bengal in 1807, steadily and successfully worked to counter the French threat. It examines how he built a series of buffer alliances with local states on the northwest frontier of India; captured the Indian Ocean islands used as bases by French privateers, notably the Ile de France, now Mauritius; and, in 1811, conquered Java, nominally Dutch but following the incorporation of the Netherlands into the French Empire, effectively French. Besides the details of Lord Minto's career and activities, the book also provides full background information on a wide range of relevant subjects, including the governance and finances of the East India Company, the various polities of the Indian subcontinent and neighbouring regions, and the political situation in Britain and Europe. Amita Das completed her doctorate at the University of Oxford. Aditya Das completed his doctorate at West Virginia University.