The Congo Free State was the site of some of the worst atrocities witnessed during the European colonization of Africa—all in the name of rubber.
The Congo Free State was the site of some of the worst atrocities witnessed during the European colonization of Africa—all in the name of rubber.
The Congo Free State was the site of some of the worst atrocities witnessed during the European colonization of Africa—all in the name of rubber.
The tragic voyage of the "Chapman" convict ship resulted in 12 convicts being killed, 30 wounded, and the others starved and ill-treated for the remainder of the voyage. Includes transcripts of the Court Proceedings January 11 and 12, 1819, for the willful murder of John M'Ardle (Clements and Drake) and Daniel M'Cormick (Drake, Dewar, Bustead).
