Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen[10] , was an Mesopotamian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age.[12][13][14][15][16] Referred to as "the father of modern optics",[17][18] he made significant contributions to the principles of optics and visual perception in particular. His most influential work is titled Kitāb al-Manāẓir , written during 1011–1021, which survived in a Latin edition.[19]