*2019 WAEC VERIFIED ECONOMICS.* *SOLVED BY SENIOR SOLUTION TEAM.* OBJECTIVES :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ECONOMICS OBJ LOADING>>> *NIGERIA AND GAMBIA* ECONOMICS OBJ: 1-10: DCCCBBCDCA 11-20: CBBCBBCCBC 21-30: CCBCCCBCAC 31-40: CDCDADDBCD 41-50: CBACACDACC ======================== ECONS THEORY COMPLETED ======================== (No1ai) Price = $20 Quatity = 50kg (1aii) The firm's profit = Total revenue - total cost = TR - TC TR = price x quatinty sold = $20 x 50 = $1000 TC = $12 x 50 = $600 Profit = $(1000-600) = $400 (1aiii) Normal profit (1b) Because it is equal to demand curve of a firm and demand of perfectly elastic OR AR = MR = MC = Demand & supply Curve (1c) (i) Both are falling at initial stage (ii) Both of them are rising after they intersect at price of $10 and quantity of 40kg ================== ================== (No2a) Balance of trade = Total visible Export – total visible = Import Visible Exports = $m Agriculture = 200 Minefal produce – Capital goods – Total $500 Visible Import: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produces – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods 400 Total $650 Therefore Balance of trade = $500 - $650 Balance of trade = $150 It is unfavourable Balance of Trade because total visible export is less than the total visible import (2b) Invisible Trade Balance = Total Invisible Export – total Visible Import – Invisible Export - $m Insurance – 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total $80 Invisible Import - $m Insurance - 50 Banking – 75 Transportation – 85 Total = $210 Therefore invisible Trade balance = $80 - $ 210 = -$130 i.e - $130 it is an unfavourable invisible trade balance total invisible import is more than total invisible export (2c) Balance of current Balance = value of total Export – Value of total Import Total Export - $m Agriculture – 200 Mineral produce – 300 Consumers goods – Capital goods – Insurance - 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total = $580 Total Imports: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produce – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods - 400 Insurance - 50 Banking - 75 Transport - 85 Total = $860 Therefore 580 – 860 = $280 It is a deficit current Account balance ================ ================ (No3a) Distribution of goods is a process of making a product being produced or service available for a consumer or business user who needs it. This can be done directly by the producer or service perovider or using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries. (3b) Consumers' cooperative society is a society owned and operated by a grouo of ultimate consumers who pull teir resources together to purchase goods and services in large quantities and distribute them mainly to its members. (3c) (i) To meet the need of consumers in quality goods and services at an affordable price (ii) To produce goods, to provide households and production services including credit and issuance. (iii) To provide services to its members (iv) To raise the standard of living in a particular area or country ================= ================= (4a) industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy. In other words The major source of revenue of a group or company is the indicator of its relevant industry. (4bi) division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize. In other words they motive for trade and the source of economic interdependence. (4bii) economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation (typically measured by amount of output produced), with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale. (4c) (i)Internal economic of scale are the unit cost advantages from expanding the scale of production in the long run. (ii)These lower costs represent an improvement in long run productive efficiency and can give a business a significant competitive advantage in a market. (iii)They also lead to lower prices and higher profits (iv)If long run average total cost curve (LRAC) is declining, then internal economies of scale are being exploited ================= Studentclub ================= (5a) joint venture is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance. (5b) (i)Limited Liability (ii)Restricted Trade of Shares (iii)Separate Personality (5c) (i)private foreign finance (external borrowing) (ii)local private finance from banks (iii)direct government finance, in the form of equity, credit, or subsidy capital ================= ================= (No6a) i) Elastic Demand: is when a small change in the price of a good, cause a greater change in the quantity demanded. While "Inelastic demand" means a change in the price of a good, will not have a significant effect on the quantity demanded. ii) Income elasticity of demand: is the relative change in demand of one good or service following a change in the consumer's income. While "Cross price elasticity of demand" is used to determine whether two products are substitutes or complements. 6b (Draw the diagram ) ================ STUDENTCLUB ================ (7ai) Growing population is the increase in a population that occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, or when immigration exceeds emigration, or when a combination of these factors is present. While declining population is a reduction in a human population caused by events such as long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility, urban decay, white flight, or rural flight, or due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes. (7aii) Overpopulation refers to a population which exceeds its sustainable size within a particular environment or habitat while under population is a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population's standard of living. (7b) (i)Pressure of Population on Land: Over the last four decades from 1971 to 2001, the population of India has increased from 108.9 million in 1971 to 180.6 million in 2001. Correspondingly, the labour force engaged in agriculture has increased. ii. Low Per Capita Income: the average growth rate of population has been 2.2 per cent per annum. With the result that per capita net national product has been 1.9 per cent over this period. (iii)Low Per Capital Availability 9f essential articles: With population growing at an annual average rate of 2.2 per cent, the per capita net availability of certain essential articles of consumption has been very low. The per capita net availability was 33.2 gms of pulses and 159.7 gms of food grains per day.; edible oil 7.5 kg., vanaspati 1.0 kg., sugar 14.5 kg. and cloth 30.9 metres per year in 1998. (iv)Burden of Unproductive Consumers: The number of unproductive consumers is increasing in India. Unproductive consumers are those who are not employed but they do consume. They include children below the age of 15 years and old persons who are above the age of 60 years. ================ ================ (8a) Public debt refers to the debt of a country owes to its citizens or other countries or organization such as International Monetary Fund(IMF) and World Bank (8b) (i) To finance budget deficit (ii) To provide employment opportunities (iii) To finance huge capital projects such as railways,roads,electricity etc (8c) (i) A large domestic debt will limit influence the distribution of income of the people (ii) It can reduce the availability of foreign exchange in the form of depleted foreign reserves (iii) If a large internal debt is sustained by high rate of interest it will reduce private investment on capital goods ================== COMPLETED ================== ... V GHANA AND SIERRA LEONE

*2019 WAEC VERIFIED ECONOMICS.* *SOLVED BY SENIOR SOLUTION TEAM.* OBJECTIVES :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ECONOMICS OBJ LOADING>>> *NIGERIA AND GAMBIA* ECONOMICS OBJ: 1-10: DCCCBBCDCA 11-20: CBBCBBCCBC 21-30: CCBCCCBCAC 31-40: CDCDADDBCD 41-50: CBACACDACC ======================== ECONS THEORY COMPLETED ======================== (No1ai) Price = $20 Quatity = 50kg (1aii) The firm's profit = Total revenue - total cost = TR - TC TR = price x quatinty sold = $20 x 50 = $1000 TC = $12 x 50 = $600 Profit = $(1000-600) = $400 (1aiii) Normal profit (1b) Because it is equal to demand curve of a firm and demand of perfectly elastic OR AR = MR = MC = Demand & supply Curve (1c) (i) Both are falling at initial stage (ii) Both of them are rising after they intersect at price of $10 and quantity of 40kg ================== ================== (No2a) Balance of trade = Total visible Export – total visible = Import Visible Exports = $m Agriculture = 200 Minefal produce – Capital goods – Total $500 Visible Import: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produces – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods 400 Total $650 Therefore Balance of trade = $500 - $650 Balance of trade = $150 It is unfavourable Balance of Trade because total visible export is less than the total visible import (2b) Invisible Trade Balance = Total Invisible Export – total Visible Import – Invisible Export - $m Insurance – 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total $80 Invisible Import - $m Insurance - 50 Banking – 75 Transportation – 85 Total = $210 Therefore invisible Trade balance = $80 - $ 210 = -$130 i.e - $130 it is an unfavourable invisible trade balance total invisible import is more than total invisible export (2c) Balance of current Balance = value of total Export – Value of total Import Total Export - $m Agriculture – 200 Mineral produce – 300 Consumers goods – Capital goods – Insurance - 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total = $580 Total Imports: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produce – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods - 400 Insurance - 50 Banking - 75 Transport - 85 Total = $860 Therefore 580 – 860 = $280 It is a deficit current Account balance ================ ================ (No3a) Distribution of goods is a process of making a product being produced or service available for a consumer or business user who needs it. This can be done directly by the producer or service perovider or using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries. (3b) Consumers' cooperative society is a society owned and operated by a grouo of ultimate consumers who pull teir resources together to purchase goods and services in large quantities and distribute them mainly to its members. (3c) (i) To meet the need of consumers in quality goods and services at an affordable price (ii) To produce goods, to provide households and production services including credit and issuance. (iii) To provide services to its members (iv) To raise the standard of living in a particular area or country ================= ================= (4a) industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy. In other words The major source of revenue of a group or company is the indicator of its relevant industry. (4bi) division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize. In other words they motive for trade and the source of economic interdependence. (4bii) economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation (typically measured by amount of output produced), with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale. (4c) (i)Internal economic of scale are the unit cost advantages from expanding the scale of production in the long run. (ii)These lower costs represent an improvement in long run productive efficiency and can give a business a significant competitive advantage in a market. (iii)They also lead to lower prices and higher profits (iv)If long run average total cost curve (LRAC) is declining, then internal economies of scale are being exploited ================= Studentclub ================= (5a) joint venture is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance. (5b) (i)Limited Liability (ii)Restricted Trade of Shares (iii)Separate Personality (5c) (i)private foreign finance (external borrowing) (ii)local private finance from banks (iii)direct government finance, in the form of equity, credit, or subsidy capital ================= ================= (No6a) i) Elastic Demand: is when a small change in the price of a good, cause a greater change in the quantity demanded. While "Inelastic demand" means a change in the price of a good, will not have a significant effect on the quantity demanded. ii) Income elasticity of demand: is the relative change in demand of one good or service following a change in the consumer's income. While "Cross price elasticity of demand" is used to determine whether two products are substitutes or complements. 6b (Draw the diagram ) ================ STUDENTCLUB ================ (7ai) Growing population is the increase in a population that occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, or when immigration exceeds emigration, or when a combination of these factors is present. While declining population is a reduction in a human population caused by events such as long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility, urban decay, white flight, or rural flight, or due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes. (7aii) Overpopulation refers to a population which exceeds its sustainable size within a particular environment or habitat while under population is a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population's standard of living. (7b) (i)Pressure of Population on Land: Over the last four decades from 1971 to 2001, the population of India has increased from 108.9 million in 1971 to 180.6 million in 2001. Correspondingly, the labour force engaged in agriculture has increased. ii. Low Per Capita Income: the average growth rate of population has been 2.2 per cent per annum. With the result that per capita net national product has been 1.9 per cent over this period. (iii)Low Per Capital Availability 9f essential articles: With population growing at an annual average rate of 2.2 per cent, the per capita net availability of certain essential articles of consumption has been very low. The per capita net availability was 33.2 gms of pulses and 159.7 gms of food grains per day.; edible oil 7.5 kg., vanaspati 1.0 kg., sugar 14.5 kg. and cloth 30.9 metres per year in 1998. (iv)Burden of Unproductive Consumers: The number of unproductive consumers is increasing in India. Unproductive consumers are those who are not employed but they do consume. They include children below the age of 15 years and old persons who are above the age of 60 years. ================ ================ (8a) Public debt refers to the debt of a country owes to its citizens or other countries or organization such as International Monetary Fund(IMF) and World Bank (8b) (i) To finance budget deficit (ii) To provide employment opportunities (iii) To finance huge capital projects such as railways,roads,electricity etc (8c) (i) A large domestic debt will limit influence the distribution of income of the people (ii) It can reduce the availability of foreign exchange in the form of depleted foreign reserves (iii) If a large internal debt is sustained by high rate of interest it will reduce private investment on capital goods ================== COMPLETED ================== ... V GHANA AND SIERRA LEONE

*2019 WAEC VERIFIED ECONOMICS.* *SOLVED BY SENIOR SOLUTION TEAM.* OBJECTIVES :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ECONOMICS OBJ LOADING>>> *NIGERIA AND GAMBIA* ECONOMICS OBJ: 1-10: DCCCBBCDCA 11-20: CBBCBBCCBC 21-30: CCBCCCBCAC 31-40: CDCDADDBCD 41-50: CBACACDACC ======================== ECONS THEORY COMPLETED ======================== (No1ai) Price = $20 Quatity = 50kg (1aii) The firm's profit = Total revenue - total cost = TR - TC TR = price x quatinty sold = $20 x 50 = $1000 TC = $12 x 50 = $600 Profit = $(1000-600) = $400 (1aiii) Normal profit (1b) Because it is equal to demand curve of a firm and demand of perfectly elastic OR AR = MR = MC = Demand & supply Curve (1c) (i) Both are falling at initial stage (ii) Both of them are rising after they intersect at price of $10 and quantity of 40kg ================== ================== (No2a) Balance of trade = Total visible Export – total visible = Import Visible Exports = $m Agriculture = 200 Minefal produce – Capital goods – Total $500 Visible Import: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produces – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods 400 Total $650 Therefore Balance of trade = $500 - $650 Balance of trade = $150 It is unfavourable Balance of Trade because total visible export is less than the total visible import (2b) Invisible Trade Balance = Total Invisible Export – total Visible Import – Invisible Export - $m Insurance – 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total $80 Invisible Import - $m Insurance - 50 Banking – 75 Transportation – 85 Total = $210 Therefore invisible Trade balance = $80 - $ 210 = -$130 i.e - $130 it is an unfavourable invisible trade balance total invisible import is more than total invisible export (2c) Balance of current Balance = value of total Export – Value of total Import Total Export - $m Agriculture – 200 Mineral produce – 300 Consumers goods – Capital goods – Insurance - 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total = $580 Total Imports: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produce – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods - 400 Insurance - 50 Banking - 75 Transport - 85 Total = $860 Therefore 580 – 860 = $280 It is a deficit current Account balance ================ ================ (No3a) Distribution of goods is a process of making a product being produced or service available for a consumer or business user who needs it. This can be done directly by the producer or service perovider or using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries. (3b) Consumers' cooperative society is a society owned and operated by a grouo of ultimate consumers who pull teir resources together to purchase goods and services in large quantities and distribute them mainly to its members. (3c) (i) To meet the need of consumers in quality goods and services at an affordable price (ii) To produce goods, to provide households and production services including credit and issuance. (iii) To provide services to its members (iv) To raise the standard of living in a particular area or country ================= ================= (4a) industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy. In other words The major source of revenue of a group or company is the indicator of its relevant industry. (4bi) division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize. In other words they motive for trade and the source of economic interdependence. (4bii) economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation (typically measured by amount of output produced), with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale. (4c) (i)Internal economic of scale are the unit cost advantages from expanding the scale of production in the long run. (ii)These lower costs represent an improvement in long run productive efficiency and can give a business a significant competitive advantage in a market. (iii)They also lead to lower prices and higher profits (iv)If long run average total cost curve (LRAC) is declining, then internal economies of scale are being exploited ================= Studentclub ================= (5a) joint venture is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance. (5b) (i)Limited Liability (ii)Restricted Trade of Shares (iii)Separate Personality (5c) (i)private foreign finance (external borrowing) (ii)local private finance from banks (iii)direct government finance, in the form of equity, credit, or subsidy capital ================= ================= (No6a) i) Elastic Demand: is when a small change in the price of a good, cause a greater change in the quantity demanded. While "Inelastic demand" means a change in the price of a good, will not have a significant effect on the quantity demanded. ii) Income elasticity of demand: is the relative change in demand of one good or service following a change in the consumer's income. While "Cross price elasticity of demand" is used to determine whether two products are substitutes or complements. 6b (Draw the diagram ) ================ STUDENTCLUB ================ (7ai) Growing population is the increase in a population that occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, or when immigration exceeds emigration, or when a combination of these factors is present. While declining population is a reduction in a human population caused by events such as long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility, urban decay, white flight, or rural flight, or due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes. (7aii) Overpopulation refers to a population which exceeds its sustainable size within a particular environment or habitat while under population is a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population's standard of living. (7b) (i)Pressure of Population on Land: Over the last four decades from 1971 to 2001, the population of India has increased from 108.9 million in 1971 to 180.6 million in 2001. Correspondingly, the labour force engaged in agriculture has increased. ii. Low Per Capita Income: the average growth rate of population has been 2.2 per cent per annum. With the result that per capita net national product has been 1.9 per cent over this period. (iii)Low Per Capital Availability 9f essential articles: With population growing at an annual average rate of 2.2 per cent, the per capita net availability of certain essential articles of consumption has been very low. The per capita net availability was 33.2 gms of pulses and 159.7 gms of food grains per day.; edible oil 7.5 kg., vanaspati 1.0 kg., sugar 14.5 kg. and cloth 30.9 metres per year in 1998. (iv)Burden of Unproductive Consumers: The number of unproductive consumers is increasing in India. Unproductive consumers are those who are not employed but they do consume. They include children below the age of 15 years and old persons who are above the age of 60 years. ================ ================ (8a) Public debt refers to the debt of a country owes to its citizens or other countries or organization such as International Monetary Fund(IMF) and World Bank (8b) (i) To finance budget deficit (ii) To provide employment opportunities (iii) To finance huge capital projects such as railways,roads,electricity etc (8c) (i) A large domestic debt will limit influence the distribution of income of the people (ii) It can reduce the availability of foreign exchange in the form of depleted foreign reserves (iii) If a large internal debt is sustained by high rate of interest it will reduce private investment on capital goods ================== COMPLETED ================== ... V GHANA AND SIERRA LEONE

*2019 WAEC VERIFIED ECONOMICS.* *SOLVED BY SENIOR SOLUTION TEAM.* OBJECTIVES :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ECONOMICS OBJ LOADING>>> *NIGERIA AND GAMBIA* ECONOMICS OBJ: 1-10: DCCCBBCDCA 11-20: CBBCBBCCBC 21-30: CCBCCCBCAC 31-40: CDCDADDBCD 41-50: CBACACDACC ======================== ECONS THEORY COMPLETED ======================== (No1ai) Price = $20 Quatity = 50kg (1aii) The firm's profit = Total revenue - total cost = TR - TC TR = price x quatinty sold = $20 x 50 = $1000 TC = $12 x 50 = $600 Profit = $(1000-600) = $400 (1aiii) Normal profit (1b) Because it is equal to demand curve of a firm and demand of perfectly elastic OR AR = MR = MC = Demand & supply Curve (1c) (i) Both are falling at initial stage (ii) Both of them are rising after they intersect at price of $10 and quantity of 40kg ================== ================== (No2a) Balance of trade = Total visible Export – total visible = Import Visible Exports = $m Agriculture = 200 Minefal produce – Capital goods – Total $500 Visible Import: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produces – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods 400 Total $650 Therefore Balance of trade = $500 - $650 Balance of trade = $150 It is unfavourable Balance of Trade because total visible export is less than the total visible import (2b) Invisible Trade Balance = Total Invisible Export – total Visible Import – Invisible Export - $m Insurance – 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total $80 Invisible Import - $m Insurance - 50 Banking – 75 Transportation – 85 Total = $210 Therefore invisible Trade balance = $80 - $ 210 = -$130 i.e - $130 it is an unfavourable invisible trade balance total invisible import is more than total invisible export (2c) Balance of current Balance = value of total Export – Value of total Import Total Export - $m Agriculture – 200 Mineral produce – 300 Consumers goods – Capital goods – Insurance - 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total = $580 Total Imports: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produce – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods - 400 Insurance - 50 Banking - 75 Transport - 85 Total = $860 Therefore 580 – 860 = $280 It is a deficit current Account balance ================ ================ (No3a) Distribution of goods is a process of making a product being produced or service available for a consumer or business user who needs it. This can be done directly by the producer or service perovider or using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries. (3b) Consumers' cooperative society is a society owned and operated by a grouo of ultimate consumers who pull teir resources together to purchase goods and services in large quantities and distribute them mainly to its members. (3c) (i) To meet the need of consumers in quality goods and services at an affordable price (ii) To produce goods, to provide households and production services including credit and issuance. (iii) To provide services to its members (iv) To raise the standard of living in a particular area or country ================= ================= (4a) industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy. In other words The major source of revenue of a group or company is the indicator of its relevant industry. (4bi) division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize. In other words they motive for trade and the source of economic interdependence. (4bii) economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation (typically measured by amount of output produced), with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale. (4c) (i)Internal economic of scale are the unit cost advantages from expanding the scale of production in the long run. (ii)These lower costs represent an improvement in long run productive efficiency and can give a business a significant competitive advantage in a market. (iii)They also lead to lower prices and higher profits (iv)If long run average total cost curve (LRAC) is declining, then internal economies of scale are being exploited ================= Studentclub ================= (5a) joint venture is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance. (5b) (i)Limited Liability (ii)Restricted Trade of Shares (iii)Separate Personality (5c) (i)private foreign finance (external borrowing) (ii)local private finance from banks (iii)direct government finance, in the form of equity, credit, or subsidy capital ================= ================= (No6a) i) Elastic Demand: is when a small change in the price of a good, cause a greater change in the quantity demanded. While "Inelastic demand" means a change in the price of a good, will not have a significant effect on the quantity demanded. ii) Income elasticity of demand: is the relative change in demand of one good or service following a change in the consumer's income. While "Cross price elasticity of demand" is used to determine whether two products are substitutes or complements. 6b (Draw the diagram ) ================ STUDENTCLUB ================ (7ai) Growing population is the increase in a population that occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, or when immigration exceeds emigration, or when a combination of these factors is present. While declining population is a reduction in a human population caused by events such as long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility, urban decay, white flight, or rural flight, or due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes. (7aii) Overpopulation refers to a population which exceeds its sustainable size within a particular environment or habitat while under population is a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population's standard of living. (7b) (i)Pressure of Population on Land: Over the last four decades from 1971 to 2001, the population of India has increased from 108.9 million in 1971 to 180.6 million in 2001. Correspondingly, the labour force engaged in agriculture has increased. ii. Low Per Capita Income: the average growth rate of population has been 2.2 per cent per annum. With the result that per capita net national product has been 1.9 per cent over this period. (iii)Low Per Capital Availability 9f essential articles: With population growing at an annual average rate of 2.2 per cent, the per capita net availability of certain essential articles of consumption has been very low. The per capita net availability was 33.2 gms of pulses and 159.7 gms of food grains per day.; edible oil 7.5 kg., vanaspati 1.0 kg., sugar 14.5 kg. and cloth 30.9 metres per year in 1998. (iv)Burden of Unproductive Consumers: The number of unproductive consumers is increasing in India. Unproductive consumers are those who are not employed but they do consume. They include children below the age of 15 years and old persons who are above the age of 60 years. ================ ================ (8a) Public debt refers to the debt of a country owes to its citizens or other countries or organization such as International Monetary Fund(IMF) and World Bank (8b) (i) To finance budget deficit (ii) To provide employment opportunities (iii) To finance huge capital projects such as railways,roads,electricity etc (8c) (i) A large domestic debt will limit influence the distribution of income of the people (ii) It can reduce the availability of foreign exchange in the form of depleted foreign reserves (iii) If a large internal debt is sustained by high rate of interest it will reduce private investment on capital goods ================== COMPLETED ================== ... V GHANA AND SIERRA LEONE

*2019 WAEC VERIFIED ECONOMICS.* *SOLVED BY SENIOR SOLUTION TEAM.* OBJECTIVES :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ECONOMICS OBJ LOADING>>> *NIGERIA AND GAMBIA* ECONOMICS OBJ: 1-10: DCCCBBCDCA 11-20: CBBCBBCCBC 21-30: CCBCCCBCAC 31-40: CDCDADDBCD 41-50: CBACACDACC ======================== ECONS THEORY COMPLETED ======================== (No1ai) Price = $20 Quatity = 50kg (1aii) The firm's profit = Total revenue - total cost = TR - TC TR = price x quatinty sold = $20 x 50 = $1000 TC = $12 x 50 = $600 Profit = $(1000-600) = $400 (1aiii) Normal profit (1b) Because it is equal to demand curve of a firm and demand of perfectly elastic OR AR = MR = MC = Demand & supply Curve (1c) (i) Both are falling at initial stage (ii) Both of them are rising after they intersect at price of $10 and quantity of 40kg ================== ================== (No2a) Balance of trade = Total visible Export – total visible = Import Visible Exports = $m Agriculture = 200 Minefal produce – Capital goods – Total $500 Visible Import: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produces – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods 400 Total $650 Therefore Balance of trade = $500 - $650 Balance of trade = $150 It is unfavourable Balance of Trade because total visible export is less than the total visible import (2b) Invisible Trade Balance = Total Invisible Export – total Visible Import – Invisible Export - $m Insurance – 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total $80 Invisible Import - $m Insurance - 50 Banking – 75 Transportation – 85 Total = $210 Therefore invisible Trade balance = $80 - $ 210 = -$130 i.e - $130 it is an unfavourable invisible trade balance total invisible import is more than total invisible export (2c) Balance of current Balance = value of total Export – Value of total Import Total Export - $m Agriculture – 200 Mineral produce – 300 Consumers goods – Capital goods – Insurance - 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total = $580 Total Imports: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produce – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods - 400 Insurance - 50 Banking - 75 Transport - 85 Total = $860 Therefore 580 – 860 = $280 It is a deficit current Account balance ================ ================ (No3a) Distribution of goods is a process of making a product being produced or service available for a consumer or business user who needs it. This can be done directly by the producer or service perovider or using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries. (3b) Consumers' cooperative society is a society owned and operated by a grouo of ultimate consumers who pull teir resources together to purchase goods and services in large quantities and distribute them mainly to its members. (3c) (i) To meet the need of consumers in quality goods and services at an affordable price (ii) To produce goods, to provide households and production services including credit and issuance. (iii) To provide services to its members (iv) To raise the standard of living in a particular area or country ================= ================= (4a) industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy. In other words The major source of revenue of a group or company is the indicator of its relevant industry. (4bi) division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize. In other words they motive for trade and the source of economic interdependence. (4bii) economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation (typically measured by amount of output produced), with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale. (4c) (i)Internal economic of scale are the unit cost advantages from expanding the scale of production in the long run. (ii)These lower costs represent an improvement in long run productive efficiency and can give a business a significant competitive advantage in a market. (iii)They also lead to lower prices and higher profits (iv)If long run average total cost curve (LRAC) is declining, then internal economies of scale are being exploited ================= Studentclub ================= (5a) joint venture is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance. (5b) (i)Limited Liability (ii)Restricted Trade of Shares (iii)Separate Personality (5c) (i)private foreign finance (external borrowing) (ii)local private finance from banks (iii)direct government finance, in the form of equity, credit, or subsidy capital ================= ================= (No6a) i) Elastic Demand: is when a small change in the price of a good, cause a greater change in the quantity demanded. While "Inelastic demand" means a change in the price of a good, will not have a significant effect on the quantity demanded. ii) Income elasticity of demand: is the relative change in demand of one good or service following a change in the consumer's income. While "Cross price elasticity of demand" is used to determine whether two products are substitutes or complements. 6b (Draw the diagram ) ================ STUDENTCLUB ================ (7ai) Growing population is the increase in a population that occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, or when immigration exceeds emigration, or when a combination of these factors is present. While declining population is a reduction in a human population caused by events such as long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility, urban decay, white flight, or rural flight, or due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes. (7aii) Overpopulation refers to a population which exceeds its sustainable size within a particular environment or habitat while under population is a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population's standard of living. (7b) (i)Pressure of Population on Land: Over the last four decades from 1971 to 2001, the population of India has increased from 108.9 million in 1971 to 180.6 million in 2001. Correspondingly, the labour force engaged in agriculture has increased. ii. Low Per Capita Income: the average growth rate of population has been 2.2 per cent per annum. With the result that per capita net national product has been 1.9 per cent over this period. (iii)Low Per Capital Availability 9f essential articles: With population growing at an annual average rate of 2.2 per cent, the per capita net availability of certain essential articles of consumption has been very low. The per capita net availability was 33.2 gms of pulses and 159.7 gms of food grains per day.; edible oil 7.5 kg., vanaspati 1.0 kg., sugar 14.5 kg. and cloth 30.9 metres per year in 1998. (iv)Burden of Unproductive Consumers: The number of unproductive consumers is increasing in India. Unproductive consumers are those who are not employed but they do consume. They include children below the age of 15 years and old persons who are above the age of 60 years. ================ ================ (8a) Public debt refers to the debt of a country owes to its citizens or other countries or organization such as International Monetary Fund(IMF) and World Bank (8b) (i) To finance budget deficit (ii) To provide employment opportunities (iii) To finance huge capital projects such as railways,roads,electricity etc (8c) (i) A large domestic debt will limit influence the distribution of income of the people (ii) It can reduce the availability of foreign exchange in the form of depleted foreign reserves (iii) If a large internal debt is sustained by high rate of interest it will reduce private investment on capital goods ================== COMPLETED ================== ... V GHANA AND SIERRA LEONE

*2019 WAEC VERIFIED ECONOMICS.* *SOLVED BY SENIOR SOLUTION TEAM.* OBJECTIVES :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ECONOMICS OBJ LOADING>>> *NIGERIA AND GAMBIA* ECONOMICS OBJ: 1-10: DCCCBBCDCA 11-20: CBBCBBCCBC 21-30: CCBCCCBCAC 31-40: CDCDADDBCD 41-50: CBACACDACC ======================== ECONS THEORY COMPLETED ======================== (No1ai) Price = $20 Quatity = 50kg (1aii) The firm's profit = Total revenue - total cost = TR - TC TR = price x quatinty sold = $20 x 50 = $1000 TC = $12 x 50 = $600 Profit = $(1000-600) = $400 (1aiii) Normal profit (1b) Because it is equal to demand curve of a firm and demand of perfectly elastic OR AR = MR = MC = Demand & supply Curve (1c) (i) Both are falling at initial stage (ii) Both of them are rising after they intersect at price of $10 and quantity of 40kg ================== ================== (No2a) Balance of trade = Total visible Export – total visible = Import Visible Exports = $m Agriculture = 200 Minefal produce – Capital goods – Total $500 Visible Import: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produces – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods 400 Total $650 Therefore Balance of trade = $500 - $650 Balance of trade = $150 It is unfavourable Balance of Trade because total visible export is less than the total visible import (2b) Invisible Trade Balance = Total Invisible Export – total Visible Import – Invisible Export - $m Insurance – 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total $80 Invisible Import - $m Insurance - 50 Banking – 75 Transportation – 85 Total = $210 Therefore invisible Trade balance = $80 - $ 210 = -$130 i.e - $130 it is an unfavourable invisible trade balance total invisible import is more than total invisible export (2c) Balance of current Balance = value of total Export – Value of total Import Total Export - $m Agriculture – 200 Mineral produce – 300 Consumers goods – Capital goods – Insurance - 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total = $580 Total Imports: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produce – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods - 400 Insurance - 50 Banking - 75 Transport - 85 Total = $860 Therefore 580 – 860 = $280 It is a deficit current Account balance ================ ================ (No3a) Distribution of goods is a process of making a product being produced or service available for a consumer or business user who needs it. This can be done directly by the producer or service perovider or using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries. (3b) Consumers' cooperative society is a society owned and operated by a grouo of ultimate consumers who pull teir resources together to purchase goods and services in large quantities and distribute them mainly to its members. (3c) (i) To meet the need of consumers in quality goods and services at an affordable price (ii) To produce goods, to provide households and production services including credit and issuance. (iii) To provide services to its members (iv) To raise the standard of living in a particular area or country ================= ================= (4a) industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy. In other words The major source of revenue of a group or company is the indicator of its relevant industry. (4bi) division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize. In other words they motive for trade and the source of economic interdependence. (4bii) economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation (typically measured by amount of output produced), with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale. (4c) (i)Internal economic of scale are the unit cost advantages from expanding the scale of production in the long run. (ii)These lower costs represent an improvement in long run productive efficiency and can give a business a significant competitive advantage in a market. (iii)They also lead to lower prices and higher profits (iv)If long run average total cost curve (LRAC) is declining, then internal economies of scale are being exploited ================= Studentclub ================= (5a) joint venture is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance. (5b) (i)Limited Liability (ii)Restricted Trade of Shares (iii)Separate Personality (5c) (i)private foreign finance (external borrowing) (ii)local private finance from banks (iii)direct government finance, in the form of equity, credit, or subsidy capital ================= ================= (No6a) i) Elastic Demand: is when a small change in the price of a good, cause a greater change in the quantity demanded. While "Inelastic demand" means a change in the price of a good, will not have a significant effect on the quantity demanded. ii) Income elasticity of demand: is the relative change in demand of one good or service following a change in the consumer's income. While "Cross price elasticity of demand" is used to determine whether two products are substitutes or complements. 6b (Draw the diagram ) ================ STUDENTCLUB ================ (7ai) Growing population is the increase in a population that occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, or when immigration exceeds emigration, or when a combination of these factors is present. While declining population is a reduction in a human population caused by events such as long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility, urban decay, white flight, or rural flight, or due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes. (7aii) Overpopulation refers to a population which exceeds its sustainable size within a particular environment or habitat while under population is a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population's standard of living. (7b) (i)Pressure of Population on Land: Over the last four decades from 1971 to 2001, the population of India has increased from 108.9 million in 1971 to 180.6 million in 2001. Correspondingly, the labour force engaged in agriculture has increased. ii. Low Per Capita Income: the average growth rate of population has been 2.2 per cent per annum. With the result that per capita net national product has been 1.9 per cent over this period. (iii)Low Per Capital Availability 9f essential articles: With population growing at an annual average rate of 2.2 per cent, the per capita net availability of certain essential articles of consumption has been very low. The per capita net availability was 33.2 gms of pulses and 159.7 gms of food grains per day.; edible oil 7.5 kg., vanaspati 1.0 kg., sugar 14.5 kg. and cloth 30.9 metres per year in 1998. (iv)Burden of Unproductive Consumers: The number of unproductive consumers is increasing in India. Unproductive consumers are those who are not employed but they do consume. They include children below the age of 15 years and old persons who are above the age of 60 years. ================ ================ (8a) Public debt refers to the debt of a country owes to its citizens or other countries or organization such as International Monetary Fund(IMF) and World Bank (8b) (i) To finance budget deficit (ii) To provide employment opportunities (iii) To finance huge capital projects such as railways,roads,electricity etc (8c) (i) A large domestic debt will limit influence the distribution of income of the people (ii) It can reduce the availability of foreign exchange in the form of depleted foreign reserves (iii) If a large internal debt is sustained by high rate of interest it will reduce private investment on capital goods ================== COMPLETED ================== ... V GHANA AND SIERRA LEONE

*2019 WAEC VERIFIED ECONOMICS.* *SOLVED BY SENIOR SOLUTION TEAM.* OBJECTIVES :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ECONOMICS OBJ LOADING>>> *NIGERIA AND GAMBIA* ECONOMICS OBJ: 1-10: DCCCBBCDCA 11-20: CBBCBBCCBC 21-30: CCBCCCBCAC 31-40: CDCDADDBCD 41-50: CBACACDACC ======================== ECONS THEORY COMPLETED ======================== (No1ai) Price = $20 Quatity = 50kg (1aii) The firm's profit = Total revenue - total cost = TR - TC TR = price x quatinty sold = $20 x 50 = $1000 TC = $12 x 50 = $600 Profit = $(1000-600) = $400 (1aiii) Normal profit (1b) Because it is equal to demand curve of a firm and demand of perfectly elastic OR AR = MR = MC = Demand & supply Curve (1c) (i) Both are falling at initial stage (ii) Both of them are rising after they intersect at price of $10 and quantity of 40kg ================== ================== (No2a) Balance of trade = Total visible Export – total visible = Import Visible Exports = $m Agriculture = 200 Minefal produce – Capital goods – Total $500 Visible Import: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produces – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods 400 Total $650 Therefore Balance of trade = $500 - $650 Balance of trade = $150 It is unfavourable Balance of Trade because total visible export is less than the total visible import (2b) Invisible Trade Balance = Total Invisible Export – total Visible Import – Invisible Export - $m Insurance – 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total $80 Invisible Import - $m Insurance - 50 Banking – 75 Transportation – 85 Total = $210 Therefore invisible Trade balance = $80 - $ 210 = -$130 i.e - $130 it is an unfavourable invisible trade balance total invisible import is more than total invisible export (2c) Balance of current Balance = value of total Export – Value of total Import Total Export - $m Agriculture – 200 Mineral produce – 300 Consumers goods – Capital goods – Insurance - 25 Banking – 30 Transportation – 25 Total = $580 Total Imports: - $m Agriculture – Mineral produce – Consumer goods 250 Capital goods - 400 Insurance - 50 Banking - 75 Transport - 85 Total = $860 Therefore 580 – 860 = $280 It is a deficit current Account balance ================ ================ (No3a) Distribution of goods is a process of making a product being produced or service available for a consumer or business user who needs it. This can be done directly by the producer or service perovider or using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries. (3b) Consumers' cooperative society is a society owned and operated by a grouo of ultimate consumers who pull teir resources together to purchase goods and services in large quantities and distribute them mainly to its members. (3c) (i) To meet the need of consumers in quality goods and services at an affordable price (ii) To produce goods, to provide households and production services including credit and issuance. (iii) To provide services to its members (iv) To raise the standard of living in a particular area or country ================= ================= (4a) industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy. In other words The major source of revenue of a group or company is the indicator of its relevant industry. (4bi) division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize. In other words they motive for trade and the source of economic interdependence. (4bii) economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation (typically measured by amount of output produced), with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale. (4c) (i)Internal economic of scale are the unit cost advantages from expanding the scale of production in the long run. (ii)These lower costs represent an improvement in long run productive efficiency and can give a business a significant competitive advantage in a market. (iii)They also lead to lower prices and higher profits (iv)If long run average total cost curve (LRAC) is declining, then internal economies of scale are being exploited ================= Studentclub ================= (5a) joint venture is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance. (5b) (i)Limited Liability (ii)Restricted Trade of Shares (iii)Separate Personality (5c) (i)private foreign finance (external borrowing) (ii)local private finance from banks (iii)direct government finance, in the form of equity, credit, or subsidy capital ================= ================= (No6a) i) Elastic Demand: is when a small change in the price of a good, cause a greater change in the quantity demanded. While "Inelastic demand" means a change in the price of a good, will not have a significant effect on the quantity demanded. ii) Income elasticity of demand: is the relative change in demand of one good or service following a change in the consumer's income. While "Cross price elasticity of demand" is used to determine whether two products are substitutes or complements. 6b (Draw the diagram ) ================ STUDENTCLUB ================ (7ai) Growing population is the increase in a population that occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, or when immigration exceeds emigration, or when a combination of these factors is present. While declining population is a reduction in a human population caused by events such as long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility, urban decay, white flight, or rural flight, or due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes. (7aii) Overpopulation refers to a population which exceeds its sustainable size within a particular environment or habitat while under population is a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population's standard of living. (7b) (i)Pressure of Population on Land: Over the last four decades from 1971 to 2001, the population of India has increased from 108.9 million in 1971 to 180.6 million in 2001. Correspondingly, the labour force engaged in agriculture has increased. ii. Low Per Capita Income: the average growth rate of population has been 2.2 per cent per annum. With the result that per capita net national product has been 1.9 per cent over this period. (iii)Low Per Capital Availability 9f essential articles: With population growing at an annual average rate of 2.2 per cent, the per capita net availability of certain essential articles of consumption has been very low. The per capita net availability was 33.2 gms of pulses and 159.7 gms of food grains per day.; edible oil 7.5 kg., vanaspati 1.0 kg., sugar 14.5 kg. and cloth 30.9 metres per year in 1998. (iv)Burden of Unproductive Consumers: The number of unproductive consumers is increasing in India. Unproductive consumers are those who are not employed but they do consume. They include children below the age of 15 years and old persons who are above the age of 60 years. ================ ================ (8a) Public debt refers to the debt of a country owes to its citizens or other countries or organization such as International Monetary Fund(IMF) and World Bank (8b) (i) To finance budget deficit (ii) To provide employment opportunities (iii) To finance huge capital projects such as railways,roads,electricity etc (8c) (i) A large domestic debt will limit influence the distribution of income of the people (ii) It can reduce the availability of foreign exchange in the form of depleted foreign reserves (iii) If a large internal debt is sustained by high rate of interest it will reduce private investment on capital goods ================== COMPLETED ================== ... V GHANA AND SIERRA LEONE

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