The global plastic problem is a major environmental crisis affecting ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. Over the past few decades, plastic production has surged, with billions of tons of plastic being produced and discarded annually. Due to its durability, most of this plastic does not degrade naturally and accumulates in landfills, oceans, and other natural environments.One of the biggest challenges is the overwhelming amount of single-use plastic products, such as packaging, bottles, and bags. These items are used for a short time but take hundreds of years to decompose. In the ocean, plastic waste breaks down into microplastics, tiny particles that are ingested by marine animals and enter the food chain, posing risks to biodiversity and human health.