The writer of the label for this photo used the word "brave", a rather out-of-date term that used to mean an American Indian warrior. This usage is a reminder that a significant percentage of the American soldiers involved in the Philippine-American war were also veterans of the latter campaigns of the Indian Wars (1870-1890) in the American West. This photo was taken from an album that belonged to an American army officer who was posted in the Philippines in the early 1900s. The Philippines was an American colony from 1898 until 1946.