Hybodus is a genus of prehistoric hybodont sharks that lived during the late Permian to late Cretaceous periods. Hybodus species grew to about 2 metres (6.6 ft) in length. As one of the most bizarre prehistoric sharks, Hybodus had strange horns on the top of their heads. When they bit into large prey, they twisted to get a chunk of flesh. These predators had acute hearing, and the sound of splashing betrayed an animal in distress. Hybodus sharks appeared at the end of the Permian and disappeared

Hybodus is a genus of prehistoric hybodont sharks that lived during the late Permian to late Cretaceous periods. As one of the most bizarre prehistoric sharks, Hybodus had strange horns on the top of their heads. When they bit into large prey, they twisted to get a chunk of flesh. These predators had acute hearing, and the sound of splashing betrayed an animal in distress. Hybodus sharks appeared at the end of the Permian and disappeared at the mid-Cretaceous. They are prey of larger pre

smithsonian natural history museum.

RARE Hybodus Shark Dorsal Spine 2.99” - Real Fossil - Cretaceous - Morocco Nicely persevered dorsal spine partial of the extinct Cretaceous aged shark Hybodus. These large spines helped to support the dorsal fins of the shark. * Species: Hybodus sp * Location: Taouz, South Morocco * Geological Formation: Ifezouane Formation, KemKem Beds * Age: Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian stage (96 million years) * Size: Measures approx. 2.99 inches on length Gorgeous well persevered Hybodus dorsal spine specimen. One very small fracture that has been repaired - this is typical as they are rarely recovered in one piece due their relatively delicate nature. Excellent collector’s piece! * Ships next business day via USPS Mail * FREE 30-day returns —————————————————————————— Hybodus Shark — Hybodus is an extinct shark that grew up to 2 meters in length and was thought to have been an opportunistic predator. It had a streamline shape which would have made it adept at hunting down fast prey. This small shark also had two different types of teeth; Sharp cutting teeth for catching prey and flatter grinding teeth for crushing. It is believed that this combination was the key to the Hybodus' success. Ref: J107

A team of researchers has discovered a fossil they are describing as a leftover fall event in which one creature was in the process of eating another creature that was not consumed. In their paper published in the Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, the group describes the fossilized find and what it taught them about behavior between ancient cephalopods and vertebrate predators.

Brancasaurus brancai in its natural habitat with pycnodontiform fish; Caturus and Hybodus in the far background Artwork by Joschua Knüppe. Hyrotrioskjan.Deviantart.com DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2813 Abstract The holotype of Brancasaurus brancai is one of the most historically famous and anatomically complete Early Cretaceous plesiosaurian fossils. It derived from the Gerdemann & Co. brickworks clay pit near Gronau (Westfalen) in North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Germany. Stratigraphically this locality formed part of the classic European “Wealden facies,” but is now more formally attributed to the upper-most strata of the Bückeberg Group (upper Berriasian). Since its initial description in 1914, the type skeleton of B. brancai has suffered damage both during, and after WWII. Sadly, these mishaps have resulted in the loss of substantial information, in particular many structures of the cranium and limb girdles, which are today only evidenced from published text and/or illustrations. This non-confirmable data has, however, proven crucial for determining the relationships of B. brancai within Plesiosauria: either as an early long-necked elasmosaurid, or a member of the controversial Early Cretaceous leptocleidid radiation. To evaluate these competing hypotheses and compile an updated osteological compendium, we undertook a comprehensive examination of the holotype as it is now preserved, and also assessed other Bückeberg Group plesiosaurian fossils to establish a morphological hypodigm. Phylogenetic simulations using the most species-rich datasets of Early Cretaceous plesiosaurians incorporating revised scores for B. brancai, together with a second recently named Bückeberg Group plesiosaurian Gronausaurus wegneri (Hampe, 2013), demonstrated that referral of these taxa to Leptocleididae was not unanimous, and that the topological stability of this clade is tenuous. In addition, the trait combinations manifested by B. brancai and G. wegneri were virtually identical. We therefore conclude that these monotypic individuals are ontogenetic morphs and G. wegneri is a junior synonym of B. brancai. Finally, anomalies detected in the diagnostic features for other “Wealden” plesiosaurians have prompted reconsiderations of interspecies homology versus intraspecific variability. We therefore propose that the still unresolved taxonomy of B. brancai should emphasize only those character states evident in the examinable fossil material, and specifically accommodate for growth-related modifications delimited via osteologically mature referred specimens. Figure 3: Brancasaurus brancai, GPMM A3.B4 (holotype). (A) Cranium and mandible in lateral view, showing its condition in the late 1980s. (B) Reconstructed cranium and mandible in lateral and dorsal views; recovered components identified by Wegner (1914) (blue); (C) components restored in the present mount (orange). ..... Conclusions The holotype specimen of Brancasaurus brancai from the uppermost strata of the Bückeberg Group (upper Berriasian) of northwestern Germany is one of the anatomically most complete Early Cretaceous plesiosaurian fossils known from Europe. Since its initial description in 1914, the specimen has suffered severe damage. Nonetheless a unique combination of diagnostic traits is present, including: rectangular conjoined frontals with a concave dorsal surface and ventrally confluent lateral sides; parietals forming a parietal table; cranial and middle cervicals with distinctly triangular neural spines; dorsal transverse processes bearing subdiapophyseal fossae; scapula with a prominent lateral shelf; pelvic bar formed by the pubes and ischia; and craniolateral cornua present at the pubes. Pointedly, the holotype specimen of B. brancai was ostologically immature, as indicated by the unfused neural arches and vertebral centra. However, other features (e.g., presence of cornuae on the pubes, and well defined epipodial facets on the propodials) indicate expression of at least ‘sub-adult’ character state development. Another but more incomplete plesiosaurian skeleton from the B. brancai type locality in the upper Bückeberg Group has been named Gronausaurus wegneri, but likely represents a more mature conspecific individual. Some variation is present in the number of dorsal/sacral vertebrae. Our phylogenies otherwise detected character state conflict only in the height of the cervical neural spines, proportions of the cervical centra, and basal constriction of the dorsal neural spines. Nevertheless, these constituted polymorphisms that probably reflect specimen completeness and/or differing ontogenetic stage, suggesting that G. wegneri represents a junior synonym of B. brancai. Finally, in our opinion, the weakly supported alternative topological nesting of B. brancai + G. wegneri either within Leptocleididae, or interpolated between Elasmosauridae and Leptocleididae + Polycotylidae dictates that the taxonomic affinities of B. brancai must, at present, remain provisional. Sven Sachs​, Jahn J. Hornung and Benjamin P. Kear. 2016. Reappraisal of Europe’s Most Complete Early Cretaceous Plesiosaurian: Brancasaurus brancai Wegner, 1914 from the “Wealden Facies” of Germany. PeerJ. 4:e2813. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2813 "Brancasaurus - a forgotten and beaten beauty" by Hyrotrioskjan hyrotrioskjan.deviantART.com/art/Brancasaurus-a-forgotten-and-beaten-beauty-564992991

Full List Includes: Cladoselache (Red) - Devonian Stethacanthus (Purple) - Devonian Xenacanthus (Green) - Devonian Falcatus (Aqua) - Carboniferous Edestus (Orange) - Carboniferous Acanthodes (Teal and Red) - Carboniferous Helicoprion (Blue) - Permian Hybodus (Pink) - Cretaceous Non-Dinosaurs Megalodon (Blue-violet) - Neogene Individual stickers can be found in my Eras based listings! These stickers are glossy and water resistant, best on hard surfaces and paper. They have been dishwasher tested, but handwashing is recommended for any stickers put on water bottles.