A few days ago, I saw a nalbound sock on one of the Facebook nalbinding groups, and wasn't sure how the creator did that effect. She didn't answer (and I wasn't surprised - the group isn't in English and that's all I speak). So I worked on a set of samples, so I could figure out that ridged effect and so I could more clearly see the difference between different types of connections for nalbinding. Here are my samples and what I learned. (-- Updated 2/4/2015 to show the needle in position for the connections. Samples done in Oslo stitch.) F1 Nalbinding Stitch Connection - F1 - You put the needle through the front of the top loop of next stitch in the previous row. A very flexible join to the row. The Oslo stitch has nice drape with this connection. F2 Nalbinding Stitch Connection - F2 - You put the needle in the front of the loop for the next stitch in the previous row, and also the previous stitch in that row (aka the loop that has a stitch in it already). A denser fabric, solid join. B1 Nalbinding Stitch Connection - B1 - You put the needle through the back of the top loop of next stitch in the previous row. Tighter than the F1 connection and it gives an interesting texture between the rows - almost like weaving. M1 Nalbinding Stitch Connection - M1 - You put the needle through the front of the middle of next stitch (the part of the stitch that lays in the opposite direction) in the previous row. Dense fabric with ridges on the back. M1 (back side) Nalbinding Stitch Connection - M1 in back - You put the needle through the middle of next stitch (the part of the stitch that lays in the opposite direction) on the back side of your work in the previous row. Dense fabric with ridges on the front. I'm pretty sure this is how the ridged socks were done. M1 F1 Nalbinding Stitch Connection - M1+F1 - You put the needle through the front of the middle of next stitch (the part of the stitch that lays in the opposite direction) and the top loop of that stitch in the previous row. Dense fabric with no ridges. *Note: There is another connection I've seen B1+F1 for the Asle stitch. But "B1" means "bottom loop" here. Just so you know. So, there you have it. I'd like to encourage you to make your own samples like this so you can see the difference for yourself. Even different stitch samples are helpful to see what you may want to use for a project. I'd love to see your samples and hear what you learned from them!