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Kataka-mukha Mudra Kataka-mukha Mudra English: “link in a chain” Kataka-mukha Mudra is the twelfth hand gesture of the 28 single-hand mudras (Asamyukta Hastas) as described in theAbhinaya Darpana. The mudra is noted in the Natya Shastra as well. According to mythology this mudra originated from Guha when he practiced archery in front ofShiva. Its sage is Bhargava, its race Deva, its color gold, its patron deity Raghu Rama. Technique: Bring your thumb together with your index and middle fingers. All fingers stretched and active. Stretch your ring and little fingers upward. Second variation of this mudra is when you maintain Kapitta hand with your thumb and index finger while extanding the middle finger forward and the ring and little fingers upward. Application: (Viniyogadenote:) Kusuma-apachaye(“plucking flowers”); Mukta-srak-damnam-dharanam (“wearing a necklace of pearls or flowers”); Sara-madhya-akarshanam (drawing the arrow at the center of the bow”); Nagavalli-pradhanam (“ offering betel leaves”); Kasturika-adivastunam-peshana (“preparing paste for musk etc.”); Gandhavasana (“to smell”); Vachana (“to speak”); Drushti(“glancing”). Additional usages denote: holding a mirror, holding reins, breaking a twig, cleaning the teeth, plucking flowers, embracing, holding a discuss, holding a fan. Kapittha "wood-apple" Kapittha "wood-apple" Kapittha Mudra is the eleventh hand gesture of the 28 single-hand mudras (Asamyutta Hastas) as described in the Abhinaya Darpana. The mudra is also noted in the Natya Sastra, and in Abhinaya Chandrika (as Ankusha).According to mythology this mudra originates from the time the churning of the ocean was done andVishnu used this hand gesture to pull upon Mt.Mandara. Its sage is Narada, its race Rushi, its color smokey-white, its patron deity Padmagarbha (Vishnu). Technique: Curl the little, ring, and middle fingers into your palm. Stretch your thumb by the side of your palm, and cap it with the pad of your index finger directly above the tip of the thumb. Application: Primarily used in dance and theater to create context and express emotional states or specific actions. Viniyoga (the traditional dance and theatre usages described in Abhinaya Darpana and Natya Shastra): Lakshmyam (“Goddess Lakshmi”); Saraswatyam (“Goddess Saraswati”); Veshtane (“winding”); Taladharana (“holding cymbals”);Godohanam (“milking cowas”); Anjanam (applying collytium”);Lilakusuma-dharana (“holding flower(s) gracefully”); Chelanchala-adi-grahana (“grasping the end of a saree or a robe”); Patasya-iva-avaguntana (“covering the head with a veil”); Dhupa-dipa-archanam(“offering incense”). Sikhara Sikhara - Spire Sikhara is the tenth mudra of the 28 Single Hand Mudras (Asamyutta Hasta) as described in the Abhinaya Darpana. How to: From Mushti Mudras (a fist), raise your thumb up. Below are listed Sikhara Mudra usages as described in the Abhinaya Darpana (in the original Sanskrit with English translation): Sikhara Hasta Vini Yoga: Madhana - Manmatha or Kama, the God of love Kaamuka - Bow Sthamba - Pillar Nishchaya - Certainty Pithrukarmani - Offering to ancestors Oshtra - Lips Pravishtaroopa - To pour liquid Radhana - Teeth Prashnabhavana - Questioning Linga - Shiva Lingam or Phallic symbol Naastheetivachana - Saying "I don't know" Samarana - Recollection Abhinayaanthikam - Intimate suggestion Katibhandhakarshana - To lighten the waist band Parirambhavidikrama - Embracing Gantaninadha - Sounding a bell When a dancer completes learning all of Mushti gesture usages he / she recites: Sikhara Jujyate Bharata Dibi This Mudra originated from Chandrasekhara (Shiva), when he held Mt. Meru as his bow. The associated sage is: Jihna Color: Dusky Race: Gandharva Patron Deity: The God of love (known in different names such as Smara, Manmatha, Kama, Madan). Mushti Mushti - Fist Mushti is the ninth mudra of the 28 Single Hand Mudras (Asamyutta Hasta) as described in the Abhinaya Darpana. How to: The four fingers are bent into the palm, and the thumb wraps on top of them in to a fist. Below are listed all of Mushti Mudra usages as described in the Abhinaya Darpana (in the original Sanskrit with English translation): Mushti Hasta Vini Yoga: Shtiram - Steadiness Kachagraha - Grasping ones' hair Daartya - Courage Vasthvadeenaamcha Dharana - Holding things Maliaanam Yudhabava - Fighting mood of wrestlers When a dancer completes learning all of Mushti gesture usages he / she recites: Mushti Hasta Ya Mishyate According to ancient sources, this Mudra originated from Vishnu, who used this hand gesture while he was fighting with Madhu. The associated sage is: Indra Color: Indigo Race: Sudra Patron Deity: The Moon Some more applications: grasping, waist, fruit, agreement, saying "Very well", sacrificial offering, greeting common people, carrying away, string hold, holding a book, running, lightness, wrestling, holding a shield, holding the hair, fisticuffs, grasping a spear. Arala & Sukathunda Since Arala and Sukatana both has very few Viniyoga applications, I combine them in this post. Arala (bent) Hasta Viniyoga Arala is the seventh mudra of the 28 Single Hand Mudras (Asamyutta Hasta) as described in the Abhinaya Darpana. How to: From Pataaka, bend the index finger halfway down. Below are listed Arala Mudra usages as described in the Abhinaya Darpana ( in the original Sanskrit with English translation): Vishadhyam Amruhtam Panay - Drinking poison or nectar Prachanda Pavana - Violent Wind According to one source it was first used by Agastya in drinking the 7 seas. Sukathunda (Parrot’s beak) Hasta Viniyoga Sukathunda is the eight mudra of the 28 Single Hand Mudras (Asamyutta Hasta) as described in the Abhinaya Darpana. How to: From Arala, bent your ring finger halfway down as well, so both your index and ring finger are bent down in the same fashion. Below are listed Sukhathunda Mudra usages as described in the Abhinaya Darpana ( in the original Sanskrit with English translation): Bhaana-Prayooga – Shooting an arrow Kunthartha – A Spear Aalayasyas-smridikarma – Remembering the past Marmookthyam – Mystic feeling Mugrabhava – Angry Mood When one completes reciting: Sukatunda Ni Jujyatay Ardha-Chandra Ardha Chandra - Half Moon Ardha Chandra is the sixth mudra of the 28 Single Hand Mudras (Asamyutta Hasta) as described in the Abhinaya Darpana. How to: From Pataaka, extand your thumb out away from your palm. Below are listed all of Hardha Chandra Mudra usages as described in the Abhinaya Darpana ( in the original Sanskrit with English translation): Ardha Chandra Hasta Vini Yoga: Chandray – Moon Krishna-Ashtami-Bhaji – 8 day of the weaning moon Gala-Hastartha Kepicha - seizing one by the throat Bhala-Yudha – A spear Devathanam-Abishechana-Karmani – Offering to God Bukpathra – Plate Chudbava – Origin or Birth Katyaam – Waist Chintayam – Thinking / Worrying Athma-Vachakam – Contemplation Dhyana – meditation Prathana – Prayers Anganam-Sparsha – touching the limbs Prakruthanam-Namaskaram – Greeting common people When completing the recitation of Ardha Chandra usages one recites: Ardha Chandra Ni Jujyathay According to other unknown sources this hand originated from the desire of Shiva for ornaments, of which the moon is one. Other usages for it are: bangle, wrist, mirror, astonishment, effort, intemperance, entirety, beating time, tying up the hair, supporting the cheek in grief, elephant ear, expelling evil, wiping sweat form the brow, adolescence, ability, consecration, eye brow, cloth, bow, preeminence, tightening the griddle, making a vessel, the body, movement of the feet, carrying a child, the back, white color, Vaisya caste. Mayura Mayura - Peacock Mayura is the fifth mudra of the 28 Single Hand Mudras (Asamyutta Hasta) as described in the Abhinaya Darpana. How to: From Pataaka, bring together the tips of the ring finger and the thumb. Keep the rest of the fingers extended upward closed together. Below are listed all of Mayura Mudra usages as described in the Abhinaya Darpana ( in the original Sanskrit with English translation): Mayura Hasta Vini Yoga: Mayurasyam -Peacock Latayancha - A creeper vine climbing Shakuna – Bird of Omen Vamana – Vomiting Alakashyapa – Moving the hair / Decorating the forehead Nayana – eye, putting Kajal Lalaata-Tilakam-Shucha – Putting Tilak mark on forehead Nadyu-Ddakasya-Niksheypam – Sprinkling water over the head (As in holy bathing) Shastra-Vaada – Discussing the sastra Prasi-Dhaka - Very famous When a dancer completes learning all of Ardha-Pataaka gesture usages he / she recites: Ebbom Marteshu Jujyate Mayura Kara Bhavanaha