Spermatic cord • Passes through the inguinal canal, which is an oblique passageway in the anterior abdominal wall. • Comprises blood vessels, nerves, the ductus deferens, and several layers of tissue that collectively suspend the testes within the scrotum. • Prior to testicular descent, the spermatic cord develops as an outpocket of the anterior abdominal wall; thus, its three coverings are derived from the fascial layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Spermatic Cord Layers: • Internal spermatic fascia, which is derived from the transversalis fascia of the anterior abdominal wall. • Cremasteric fascia with muscle fibers, which is derived from the internal oblique fascia and muscle. • External spermatic fascia, which is derived from the external oblique fascia/aponeurosis. Scrotum • A cutaneous sac that holds the testes. • Dartos fascia and muscle is the inner layer, gives rise to scrotal septum, which separates testes within scrotum. • Skin is outermost layer of scrotum. The dartos muscle contracts when cold to wrinkle and thicken the skin, which helps to reduce heat loss. Clinical correlation: Torsion of the spermatic cord (aka, testicular torsion) can disrupt blood supply to the testis and cause necrosis; twisting can occur because of defects in the supporting connective tissues.
Male External Genital Organs Question 1. What are male External Genital Organs? Answer: Anatomically, the male external genital organs include the penis, urethra, and scrotum. However clinically it also includes spermatic cords, testes, and epididymis. Question 2. Describe the Penis in brief under the following headings: Penis Definition: Penis Parts Penis Structure of body Penis […]
GERMAN ANATOMY DIAGRAM An extraordinary German anatomy bookplate published in 1905. For the lover of the macabre or the medical professional this chromolithograph would make a great addition to their collection. Google translation: FEMALE TANK VERTICAL AVERAGE Uterus IN YOUNG FEMININE CONCLUSION Uterus ovaries fallopian UTERUS Approximate dimensions: 13.5cm x 22cm ( 5.5" x 8.5" ) Condition: very good. Commensurate to age. Please see photos. This bookplate is over 100 years old. Please note that all of our prints are antique or vintage items and therefore are subject to some age toning Please feel free to ask any questions. I ship internationally.
Spermatic cord • Passes through the inguinal canal, which is an oblique passageway in the anterior abdominal wall. • Comprises blood vessels, nerves, the ductus deferens, and several layers of tissue that collectively suspend the testes within the scrotum. • Prior to testicular descent, the spermatic cord develops as an outpocket of the anterior abdominal wall; thus, its three coverings are derived from the fascial layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Spermatic Cord Layers: • Internal spermatic fascia, which is derived from the transversalis fascia of the anterior abdominal wall. • Cremasteric fascia with muscle fibers, which is derived from the internal oblique fascia and muscle. • External spermatic fascia, which is derived from the external oblique fascia/aponeurosis. Scrotum • A cutaneous sac that holds the testes. • Dartos fascia and muscle is the inner layer, gives rise to scrotal septum, which separates testes within scrotum. • Skin is outermost layer of scrotum. The dartos muscle contracts when cold to wrinkle and thicken the skin, which helps to reduce heat loss. Clinical correlation: Torsion of the spermatic cord (aka, testicular torsion) can disrupt blood supply to the testis and cause necrosis; twisting can occur because of defects in the supporting connective tissues.
ReproductiveFacts.org provides a wide range of information related to reproductive health and infertility, including information on various methods of contraception and their effectiveness; resources for individuals and couples struggling with infertility; information on reproductive health issues, such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and menopause; research updates; and news articles related to reproductive medicine and science. The website also provides a directory of ASRM healthcare providers, who offer a variety of reproductive health services, including infertility diagnosis and treatment, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and fertility preservation.
What would Youtube and America's Funniest Home Videos be without clips guys getting hit in the crown jewels? (Wouldn't it be interesting to know what percent of youtube views are related to this genre?) As you well know, male humans (and other boreotherian mammals, et al) have external testicles because their optimal temperature for sperm production is below that of our core body temperature--about 94 degrees Fahrenheit. Why, though? Optimal Enzyme Temperature Enzymes are molecule machines that help reactions take place. Enzymes have optimal temperatures because if they are outside of that golden medium then they change shape and don't work as well (or at all). There are enzymes that are involved in spermatogenesis like spermatogenic DNA polymerase beta and recombinase activities that are optimized at 94 degrees F. Other temperature enzymes might not have evolved yet. The obstacles for their evolution might be quite unlikely--you'd need a new enzyme and mutations that would cause internal testicles at the same time. Seems easier to just keep doing what we're doing. Maybe our enzymes are a throw back to cold blooded reptile, lower temp mammal or before. So, we got hot and our testicles got to the business of moving. Maybe it's a throw back to ridiculous sperm competition. Perhaps there was sperm competition so intense that one of our ancestors had to move its testicles outside of its body to house them and now it's just stuck around. Maybe it's protection from internal body cavity pressures changes like from galloping, running, etc. Since we're kind of a menagerie of evolutionary mementos having external testicles can pose some negative consequences for humans, just one of which is inguinal hernias. Male testes descend from inside the body after birth. Why aren't they on the outside in utero? Because males and females are made from the same evolutionary template. Male testes come down from roughly where the female ovaries are (their equivalent) through the inguinal canal. This usually works fine, but because evolution isn't perfect it sometimes causes some nasty hernias to come through that same hole. I'll share the most PG of the pictures I found (freaky thing to Google). Because our external temperature is not static, nor can our testicles be. There are two main muscle groups that control the movement of the testicles closer and further from our warm bodies. Dartos Muscle This is a layer of muscle right below the skin of the scrotum. Dartos muscle can be seen as the red, muscular layer right below the skin. Cremaster Muscle Provides much of the up, down lift to thermoregulate and protect. Cremaster and Dartos Reflexes So, evolution has a problem. It wants our testicles to be cool, but the further out the more vulnerable they become. The musculature above isn't just to regulate temperature. This can easily be demonstrated by the cremaster and dartos reflexes. Many men (and women by extension) are unaware that if the inside of the thigh is touched it causes the testicle of that side it rise closer to the body for protection. Many men will also relate to feeling a sympathetic pain if they hear/see something extremely painful or disgusting. I don't know if this is cremaster or something else, but I've heard from others that they experience it. (Comment anonymously below if you know what I'm talking about, can recount a time and physiological response.) Dolphins--are warm blooded, but with internal testicles. Apparently they actually have veins that run near the testicles after having circulated below the skin to cool down--a.c. for their testes. Pictures from here, here, here, here, here.
A spinally injured man with an abscessed scrotum saved his testicle when he opted for homeopathic treatment instead of surgery.
Mnemonic and more, stay tuned for more reproductive Anatomy, only @rev.med! SEVEN UP S - Seminiferous Tubules (sperm production) E - Epididymis
Development of the Testes and Scrotum Includes the penis, penile urethra, and scrotum (which houses the testes). During gestation, development is heavily influenced by testosterone produced by the Leydig (aka, interstitial) cells of the testes. Weeks 3-4 • Period of undifferentiated primordial genitalia • The genital tubercle, which is the precursor to the penis, emerges. • Cloacal membrane is bordered by the primorida of the genital tubercle, and is surrounded by mesenchymal cells. • Anterior fusion of the primordia forms the definitive genital tubercle. — Posteriorly, the unfused portion gives rise to the urogenital (aka, genital) folds, which enclose the cloacal membrane. — Lateral to the folds the genital swellings (aka, labioscrotal swellings) arise. Weeks 7-12 The urorectal septum has reached the cloacal membrane and now forms the perineal body; male differentiation begins. • The perineal body divides the cloacal membrane into urogenital and anal membranes, which then rupture, forming the urogenital sinus and anus. • The genital tubercle enlarges and is now referred to as the phallus. • The urogenital folds are now the urethral folds, as they line the urethral groove. — The roof of the groove comprises an endodermal expansion. • Distally is the glans, and the glans plate, which is a solid endodermal remnant of the cloacal membrane. • The genital swellings are now the scrotal swellings. • Posteriorly, the perineum separates the urethral folds and groove from the anus. Week 12 The urethral folds and scrotal swellings fuse at the midline. • Fusion of the urethral folds forms the floor of the spongy urethra within the shaft of the penis. • Midline raphes reflect fusion of the tissues. • The surrounding mesenchyme will give rise to the erectile tissues and vasculature of the penis. • Formation of the glans portion of the urethra occurs separately, via canalization of the glans plate (the exact mechanism is uncertain). • At the midline, the raphe reflects the fusion of the urethral folds. 9 Months Folds are fully fused, and urethral opening is at the tip of the penis. The scrotal sac houses the testes.
Male External Genital Organs Question 1. What are male External Genital Organs? Answer: Anatomically, the male external genital organs include the penis, urethra, and scrotum. However clinically it also includes spermatic cords, testes, and epididymis. Question 2. Describe the Penis in brief under the following headings: Penis Definition: Penis Parts Penis Structure of body Penis […]
Testis, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens Anatomy Efferent ductules, Aberrant ductule (vestigial mesonephric tubule), Area of rete testis (in mediastinum testis), Septa, Tunica albuginea, Lobules, Epididymal duct, Aberrant ductule, Ductus (vas) deferens, Epididymis, Head, Body, Tail, Frontal section, Ductus (vas) deferens, Efferent ductules, Epididymal duct, Rete testis (in mediastinum testis), Aberrant ductule, Convoluted seminiferous tubules, Skin of scrotum, Dartos fascia of scrotum, External spermatic fascia, Cremaster fascia, Internal spermatic fascia, Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis testis, Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis testis, Tunica albuginea of testis, Sinus of epididymis, Epididymis, Lobules of testis, Scrotal septum (dartos), Septa, Ductus (vas) deferens, Rete testis (in mediastinum testis), Cross section through scrotum and testis, Schema.
Male External Genital Organs Question 1. What are male External Genital Organs? Answer: Anatomically, the male external genital organs include the penis, urethra, and scrotum. However clinically it also includes spermatic cords, testes, and epididymis. Question 2. Describe the Penis in brief under the following headings: Penis Definition: Penis Parts Penis Structure of body Penis […]
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Male Perineum and External Genitalia (Superficial Dissection) Anatomy Superficial fatty (Camper’s) and deeper membranous (Scarpa’s) layers of superficial fascia, Skin of penis, Deep (Buck’s) fascia of penis, Dartos fascia of penis and scrotum, Saphenous opening and femoral artery and vein, Great saphenous vein, Superficial perineal (Colles’) fascia, Dashed line indicates line of attachment of Colles’ and Scarpa’s fasciae with deep fascia, Fat body in ischioanal fossa, Deep (investing) fascia over external abdominal oblique muscle, External spermatic fascia, Anterior superior iliac spine, Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s), Fascia lata (deep fascia) of thigh, Ischiopubic ramus, Anus, Pubic symphysis, Urogenital triangle, Ischiopubic ramus, Ischial tuberosity, Anal triangle, Tip of coccyx, Regions (triangles) of perineum: surface topography
Male External Genital Organs Question 1. What are male External Genital Organs? Answer: Anatomically, the male external genital organs include the penis, urethra, and scrotum. However clinically it also includes spermatic cords, testes, and epididymis. Question 2. Describe the Penis in brief under the following headings: Penis Definition: Penis Parts Penis Structure of body Penis […]
Male External Genital Organs Question 1. What are male External Genital Organs? Answer: Anatomically, the male external genital organs include the penis, urethra, and scrotum. However clinically it also includes spermatic cords, testes, and epididymis. Question 2. Describe the Penis in brief under the following headings: Penis Definition: Penis Parts Penis Structure of body Penis […]
Male External Genital Organs Question 1. What are male External Genital Organs? Answer: Anatomically, the male external genital organs include the penis, urethra, and scrotum. However clinically it also includes spermatic cords, testes, and epididymis. Question 2. Describe the Penis in brief under the following headings: Penis Definition: Penis Parts Penis Structure of body Penis […]
Male External Genital Organs Question 1. What are male External Genital Organs? Answer: Anatomically, the male external genital organs include the penis, urethra, and scrotum. However clinically it also includes spermatic cords, testes, and epididymis. Question 2. Describe the Penis in brief under the following headings: Penis Definition: Penis Parts Penis Structure of body Penis […]
Male External Genital Organs Question 1. What are male External Genital Organs? Answer: Anatomically, the male external genital organs include the penis, urethra, and scrotum. However clinically it also includes spermatic cords, testes, and epididymis. Question 2. Describe the Penis in brief under the following headings: Penis Definition: Penis Parts Penis Structure of body Penis […]
Testis Diagram Introduction Of Testicular Mesothelioma Testicular mesothelioma is an exceedingly rare and aggressive form of cancer tha...
Hydrocele is a collection of peritoneal fluid that accumulates in the scrotum through a small passage called the processus vaginalis.
Designed to save you time and make teaching easier, use this "Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System" worksheet to help students understand the anatomy of the male reproductive system. Use this resource as reinforcement, as a formative assessment, or as a review! Students will complete 77 easy to grade matching, fill in the blank, and labeling questions as they learn key terms and structures of male reproductive anatomy. This worksheet is the first in a series of five worksheets covering the human reproductive system. Teacher answer key is included! Content Standards covered in this resource: Students will analyze the role of the reproductive system in growth and development in humans. Literacy Standard: L11-12RST2: Determine the central ideas of conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paragraphing them in simpler but still accurate terms. Content Objectives (TSWBAT): Identify the organs of the male reproductive system on a diagram or model. List the endocrine and exocrine functions of the testes. Describe the composition of semen and identify the organs that produce it. Trace the pathway sperm follow as they travel from the testes to outside the body. Define spermatogenesis and meiosis. Describe the structure of a sperm and relate its structure to its function. Key Vocabulary: Gonads, primary sex organs, gametes, accessory reproductive organs, reproductive systems, sperm, ova, testes, spermatic cord, seminiferous tubules, rete testis, interstitial cells, epididymis, ejaculates, ductus deferens, ampulla, ejaculatory duct, urethra, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, penile urethra, spongy urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles, hypertrophy, cystitis, prostatitis, bulbourethral glands, semen, external genitalia, scrotum, penis, shaft, glans penis, prepuce, foreskin, circumcision, erectile tissue, erection Also available: Human Anatomy and Physiology AP Growing Course Bundle! For other great resources to make teaching easier follow me for updates! If you like my product, don't forget to write a review! Thank you! Visit my blog at www.maketeachingeasy.com! Contact me at [email protected] with questions or concerns! I will be happy to help you! Visit my page for weight loss and fitness programs for educators by ReversAge Health & Fitness.
Learning the anatomy of the ilioinguinal nerve is easier than you think. Learn its course, variation, function and fascinating clinical notes now.
TESTIS, EPIDIDYMIS, AND VAS DEFERENS The testicle is encased within a thick, fibrous capsule known as the tunica albuginea. The tunica is covered by the closely adherent, glistening peritoneum (tunica vaginalis). Multiple septa from the capsule divide the interior of the testicle into several dozen pyramid- shaped lobules. The testis shows ethnic variations in size, but is normally 4 cm in length and 3 cm in diameter (18 to 20 mL in volume). Within each testicle, each lobule contains one or several tortuous seminiferous tubules which, when uncoiled, measure 1 to 2 ft in length. These tubules converge at the testicular hilum (mediastinum testis), where they straighten and anastomose to form the rete testis. The rete testis tubules empty into 8 to 10 efferent ducts (ductuli efferentes) that carry sperm to the caput epididymis. Occasionally a blind-ending efferent duct is observed (vas aberrans). Spermatoceles are thought to be the result of pathologic dilation of the efferent ducts. Testicular histology reveals evidence of both exocrine (sperm production) and endocrine (androgen production) functions within the organ. In the normal, adult testis, seminiferous tubules are lined with a basement layer of laminated connective tissue containing elastic fibers and flattened myoid cells. On this layer rests the germinal epithelium and sustentacular cells known as Sertoli cells. The intertubular connective tissue contains groups of large polygonal cells termed Leydig cells, whose cytoplasm holds many lipid granules that contain testosterone and other androgens. Characteristics of maleness, including body hair, muscle mass, deepened voice, and sexual function are several androgen dependent functions. The epididymis is a comma-shaped organ located along the posterolateral surface of the testis. It is a tightly coiled, tortuous duct 3 to 4 m in length, embedded in dense connective tissue. Passage through the epididymis induces many changes to newly formed sperm, including a gain in functional motility and alterations in surface charge, membrane proteins, immunoreactivity, phospholipids, fatty acid content, and adenylate cyclase activity. These changes improve cell membrane structural integrity, increase fertilization ability, and improve motility. Spermatozoa within the testis have very poor or no motility. They become progressively motile and functional only after traversing the epididymis. The transit time of sperm through the epididymis has been estimated at 12 days in humans. Extensions from the tunical sheath that surrounds the epididymis enter interductal spaces and form septa that divide the duct into histologically characteristic regions: the caput or head, corpus or body, and cauda or tail. The 8 to 10 ductuli efferentes within the caput region coalesce to form a single epididymal duct within the corpus and cauda epididymis. The epididymis is distinguished histologically by its ciliated epithelium that consists of two main cell types: principal cells and basal cells. Principal cells vary in height along the length of the epididymis mainly because of the length of associated stereocilia. Principal cell nuclei are elongated and often possess large clefts and one or two nucleoli. Consistent with absorptive and secretory function, their cellular apices have numerous coated pits. There are far fewer basal cells than principal cells in the epididymis. Tear-shaped basal cells rest on the basal lamina and extend approximately toward the lumen, their apices forming threads between adjacent principal cells. Thought to be derived from macrophages, they are likely the precursors of the principal cells. The vas deferens originates as a continuation of the cauda epididymal duct. During this transition, the muscular coat of the tubule increases dramatically, the tortuosity of the duct decreases, and epithelial cells lose cilia. The vas continues for about 25 cm and becomes the ampulla of the vas before joining with the seminal vesicle and forming the proximal ejaculatory duct. In cross section, the vas deferens has an outer adventitial connective tissue sheath containing blood vessels and small nerves, a muscular coat that consists of a middle circular layer surrounded by inner and outer longitudinal muscle layers, and an inner mucosal layer with a pseudostratified epithelial lining. The outer diameter of the vas deferens varies from 1.5 to 3 mm, and the lumen of the unobstructed vas deferens varies from 0.2 to 0.7 mm in diameter, dimensions easily handled using microsurgical approaches to surgical reconstruction after vasectomy or other blockage.
Human reproductive system, organ system by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring.
