DEAR MAYO CLINIC: A week ago I woke up with some swelling inside my mouth near my jaw. It went away after an hour or so, but happened again two nights later. Could this be a blocked salivary gland? If so, what is the treatment for it? ANSWER: It is possible that a blocked salivary […]
A true experience posted by Carla C., which is entry 4,608 in our database of nearly 10,000 testimonials.
The salivary glands, located in your mouth and throat, secrete saliva to keep your mouth moist, help your digestion and protect your teeth from cavities. Swollen salivary glands are associated with a range of disorders, including viral infections, mumps, cancer and stones that may be blocking the ...
Salivary Glands Numerous glands secrete the watery, somewhat viscous fluid known as saliva into the oral cavity. Small salivary glands are widely scattered under the lining of the oral cavity and are named, according to their location, labial, buccal, palatine, and lingual glands. The three chief, large, paired salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual. The parotid gland, the largest of the salivary glands, is roughly shaped as a three-sided wedge, which is fitted in anterior and inferior to the external ear. The triangular superficial surface of the wedge is practically subcutaneous, with one side of the triangle almost as high as the zygomatic arch and the opposing angle at the level of the angle of the mandible. The anteromedial side of the wedge abuts against and overlaps the ramus of the mandible and the related masseter and medial pterygoid muscles. The posteromedial side of the wedge turns toward the external auditory canal, mastoid process, sternocleidomastoid, and digastric (posterior belly) muscles. The parotid (Stensen) duct leaves the anterior border of the gland and passes superficial to the masseter muscle, at the anterior border of which it turns medially to pierce the buccinator muscle and then the mucous membrane of the cheek near the second maxillary molar. The submandibular gland lies in the submandibular triangle but overlaps all three sides of the triangle, extending superficial to the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle and deep to the mandible, in the submandibular fossa. Most of the gland is inferior to the mylohyoid muscle, but a deep process extends superior to the muscle. The submandibular (Wharton) duct at first runs anteriorly with the deep process and then in close relation to the sublingual gland (first inferior and then medial to it) to reach the sublingual caruncle at the summit of which it opens, next to the lingual frenulum. The sublingual gland, the smallest of the three paired salivary glands, is located deep to the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth, where it produces the sublingual fold. It lies superior to the mylohyoid muscle in relation with the sublingual fossa on the mandible. In contrast to the parotid and submandibular glands, which have quite definite fibrous capsules, the lobules of the sublingual gland are loosely held together by connective tissue. About 12 sublingual ducts leave the superior aspect of the gland and open individually through the mucous membrane of the sublingual fold. Some of the ducts from the anterior part of the gland may combine and empty into the submandibular duct. This is apparently prone to considerable variation. The nerve supply of the large salivary glands is dis- cussed in a later segment on the innervation of the mouth and pharynx and the autonomic nervous system. Microscopically, the large salivary glands appear as compound tubular-alveolar glands. The secretions of these glands are serous and mucous and mucous with serous demilunes, with different proportions of these in different glands. The parotid gland is almost entirely serous, the submandibular gland is predominantly serous but with some mucous alveoli containing serous demilunes, and the sublingual gland varies to quite an extent in composition in different parts of the gland but, for the most part, is predominantly mucous with serous demilunes. In the parotid and submandibular glands, the alveoli are joined by intercalated ducts with low epithelium to portions of the duct system, which are thought to contribute water and salts to the secretion and, hence, are called secretory ducts. The epithelium of the ducts is at first cuboidal, then columnar, and may finally be stratified cuboidal near the opening of the duct. It should be noted that the appearance of serous demilunes is an artifact of specimen preparation and that during life, the serous-secreting cells of each acinus sit side by side with the mucous-secreting cells.
This product includes: 1. Editable Vector .AI file Compatibility: Adobe Illustrator CCIncludes Editable Text Font SuezOne (Under Free Open Font License) 2. Editable Vector .EPS-10 file Compatibility: Most Vector Editing Software 3. High-resolution JPG image 4000 x 4000 px License terms in short: Use for everything except reselling item itself. Read a full license here
Various cells from a snail salivary gland From: 'Les glandes salivaires de l'escargot (Helix pomatia L.)' par mm. M. Pagaut et P. Vigier Published 1906
Inflammation of Salivary Glands The major salivary glands and the accessory mucous glands are subject to functional abnormalities as well as inflammation. Amylasemia (ptyalism), or excessive salivation, is associated with the use of several drugs, specifically, clozapine, pilocarpine, and risperidone. Toxins such as mercury, copper, and organophosphates have also been reported to cause excessive salivation. Most often, however, excessive salivation is caused by a form of gastroesophageal reflux known as water brash. On the other hand, xerostomia, or dryness of the mouth, most often results from frequently used medications such as anticholinergic agents, radiation to the head and neck, chemotherapeutic treatment, obstructive sleep apnea, and, less often, Sjögren syndrome, vitamin deficiencies, and other systemic conditions. Inflammation of the major glands is usually shown by swelling and may be a feature of a generalized syndrome. Epidemic parotitis or Hodgkin or leukemic infiltration should be considered diagnostically whenever more than one gland is involved or when a local cause is not obvious. The submandibular gland may be the site of an acute or subacute infection, causing pain on palpation. The swelling differs from that of an alveolar abscess by being deeply seated, not complicated by trismus, and presenting as subepithelial nonadherent swelling beneath the mandible with distinct borders. The orifice of the Wharton duct is reddened, and its course is tender and edematous. Pus may sometimes be expressed by milking the duct. Swelling of the submandibular gland is most often due to obstruction in the form of a salivary calculus. Precipitation of calcium salts is probably initiated by irritation of the duct and stasis of saliva, aided by the presence of a matrix of filamentous colonies of sapro- phytic Actinomyces or other organisms. The parotid gland is subject to similar acute and chronic swellings superimposed on recurrent obstruction of its duct. It may also become infected by an ascending pyogenic infection of the Stensen duct in debilitated or postoperative patients. In this “terminal parotitis,” the onset is sudden, with severe pain, fever, and swelling of the parotid gland. Obstructive parotitis, in contrast to submandibular adenitis, is usually not associated with calculus formation. An inflammatory disturbance in the duct or catarrhal constriction causes characteristic recurrent swelling. Complete obstruction predisposes to abscess formation, with reddening of the skin and a tense, fluctuant swelling of the parotid space. Repeated parotitis may lead to stenosis of the interlobar ducts or main excretory duct. Mumps, a highly contagious viral infection causing parotid gland swelling, usually affects both glands, which have a doughy or elastic consistency. The frequency of this infection had diminished after immunization became available for young children, but now that parents are becoming more resistant to immunizations, the frequency is again increasing. The glands enlarge to the maximum size within 24 to 48 hours and remain enlarged for 7 to 10 days. Microscopically, the glands are heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes and show destruction of acinar cells in varying degrees. The danger of mumps lies in the complications, which include epididymoorchitis, oophoritis, meningoencephalitis, deafness, ocular lesions, and neuritis of the facial and trigeminal nerves.
Identification Points: 1. Majority of acini are M ucous 2. Abundant Serous Demilunes [absent in Parotid Gland] 3. Intercalated ducts ...
Salivary Glands Disorders and Diseases is a contemporary, authoritative textbook written by well-known specialists with an international repute in the management of salivary gland pathology. It is comprehensive yet concise and clear, and covers the essentials and all expert aspects of salivary gland disorders and diseases, which makes it a book both for…
Various cells from a snail salivary gland From: 'Les glandes salivaires de l'escargot (Helix pomatia L.)' par mm. M. Pagaut et P. Vigier Published 1906
ON THIS PAGE: You will learn about how doctors describe a cancer’s growth or spread, as well as what the cancer cells look like under a microscope. This is called the stage and grade. Use the menu to see other pages.Staging is a way of describing where the cancer is located, if or where it has spread, and whether it is affecting other parts of the body.
Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of the major salivary glands, ICD-10: D37.03. Symptoms, Chapter, Cases. Understanding Neoplasm of Uncertain Behavior of the Major Salivary Glands Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of the major salivary glands is a medical co...
Saliva production, salivary flow & composition, and salivary dysfunction. Big impact on health. Not just about the quantity of saliva, but also the quality!
Salivary Secretion Stimulation of areas in the premotor region of the cortex cerebri (in the vicinity of the masticatory center) and in the hypothalamus evokes salivation. The neural pathways from these nuclei and the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the salivary glands have been described in Plate 2-13. During the resting or recovery phase, when no secretory stimuli are acting, granules of mucinogen, the precursor of mucin, are formed in the mucous cells, and granules of zymogen, the precursor of amylase (ptyalin), are formed in the serous or demilune cells. Extrusion of these substances, together with other components, into the lumen of the alveoli and into the ducts is principally regulated by neural pathways and gastrointestinal hormone secretion. The parasympathetic nerves supply the mucin-secreting cells and intralobular duct cells, and the sympathetics govern the serous cells and myoepithelial, or “basket,” cells, which lie between the basal membrane and the secretory cells and are presumed to account for the contractile action that permits a gush of saliva. The quantity and composition of saliva are adapted to the nature of the agent that stimulates, chemically or mechanically, the nerve endings (V and IX) of the oral mucosa (unconditioned reflex). Thus, edible substances generally produce a viscid saliva, rich in mucin and enzyme. Inedible substances such as sand evoke a watery secretion. Acid material stimulates saliva with buffering (high protein content) and diluting properties. Milk, in contrast to other fluids, evokes a copious flow of saliva, rich in organic material. These unconditioned reflex responses do not depend on any learning process and have been elicited experimentally in decerebrated animals. The conditioned reflexes, on the other hand, are manifested by the flow of saliva in association with the thought or sight of food and with events the individual has learned to relate to food, such as the sound of a tuning fork in Pavlov’s famous experiment with dogs. The total amount of saliva secreted per day is estimated at 1000 to 1500 mL. The specific gravity varies from 1003 to 1008 and the pH from 6.2 to 7.6. Resting saliva is usually acidic; freely flowing saliva is usually alkaline. The viscosity varies with the type of stimulus and the rate of flow. The parotid gland forms a watery fluid containing protein, salts, and ptyalin but no mucus. The sublingual gland is predominantly mucous, whereas the submandibular gland is intermediate, though predominantly serous. Saliva is hypotonic, and its osmotic pressure increases as the flow rate increases. The only salivary enzyme, amylase (ptyalin), is produced by the parotid and submandibular glands and converts starch into dextrins and maltose at a pH range of 4.5 to 9 (optimum 6.5). Ptyalin is inactivated at a pH below 4.5 and destroyed by heating to 65° C. Other organic constituents include cellular elements from the buccal mucosa and the glands, urea, uric acid, and traces of urease. The inorganic constituents consist of the anions Cl−, PO4− and HCO3− and the cations Ca, Na, and K. The ratio of the last two in the saliva mirrors their presence in the blood serum. Present in the saliva is also a small amount of thiocyanate, which acts as a coenzyme that can activate ptyalin in the absence of NaCl. The saliva of smokers is relatively rich in potassium thiocyanate (KCNS). Saliva has a cleansing action that plays a significant role in oral hygiene, but the salivary glands play a regulatory role in the homeostasis of water balance through negative and positive feedback loops. The glands stop secreting saliva whenever the body fluid content falls to a low level, resulting in dryness of the o al mucosa, thereby stimulating the sensation of thirst.
This product includes: 1. Editable Vector .AI file Compatibility: Adobe Illustrator CCIncludes Editable Text Font SuezOne (Under Free Open Font License) 2. Editable Vector .EPS-10 file Compatibility: Most Vector Editing Software 3. High-resolution JPG image 3800 x 4988 px License terms in short: Use for everything except reselling item itself. Read a full license here
The secretion from the salivary glands is called salivary secretion. It is secreted from a heterogeneous group of salivary glands located
Learn about this rare tumor that forms in the salivary glands. Treatments include surgery and radiation therapy.
Salivary gland tumours, salivary glands, function, swollen, cancer, salivary glands under tongue, salivary glands infection, Call 1300 123 368 Sydney
Salivary gland cancer, a type of head and neck cancer, is a rare disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the salivary glands.
Uncover the reasons behind parotid gland swelling and discover effective solutions for parotid gland swelling
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands is the second most common malignancy involving the minor salivary glands behind mucoepidermoid carcinoma and the second most common maligna...
Stones can sometimes form in the salivary glands of the mouth. If a stone becomes large enough, it can block the gland, which can lead to pain and swelling. Salivary stones are rarely serious, and a person can often remove them at home. Learn how to get rid of them and when to see a doctor here.
