Visualising the Cell Nucleus Leaf growth Cell growth Cell organelles and cytoplasm visualisation Cell membrane and cell...
Visualising the Cell Nucleus Leaf growth Cell growth Cell organelles and cytoplasm visualisation Cell membrane and cell...
This is the most detailed model of a human cell to date, obtained using x-ray, NMR and cryoelectron microscopy datasets. “Cellular landscape cross-section through a eukaryotic cell.” - by Evan Ingersoll and Gael McGill. https://t.co/YERCmdIJXH
The tremendous expansion and the differentiation of the neocortex constitute two major events in the evolution of the mammalian brain. The increase in size a...
See: bibliodyssey.blogspot.com/2011/06/anatomia-vegetal.html
“Keeping my practice afloat during this pandemic has been challenging, so I’m delighted to have sold Cross Section to a lovely customer overseas! #sciart #drawing @InkyLeaves @CambDrawingSoc @CAN_Cambridge @CambOpenArt #thursdaymorning Farewell drawing!”
Scientist Dr. David Nocera, has finally perfected a low-cost, artificial leaf-like device, that like a leaf, mimics the process of photosynthesis.
Visualising the Cell Nucleus Leaf growth Cell growth Cell organelles and cytoplasm visualisation Cell membrane and cell...
This is a set of Covid Virus clipart in color and black and white. This clipart is for personal and commercial use. When used for commercial use, the clipart must be used within as product, clipart cannot be sold alone or within a bundle of other clipart materials. When using this product, you must post credit to Virtual Discovery Science, here is my store button. Included in Folder: - Cartoon virus (Color/BW) - Full virus Blank (Color/BW) - Full Virus Labeled (Color/BW) - Full Virus Unlabeled (Color/BW) - Virus Cross Section Blank (Color/BW) - Virus Cross Section labeled (Color/BW) - Virus Cross Section Unlabeled (Color/BW) - Virus Cross Section labeled with Explanation (Color/BW) If you have further questions about what is acceptable, feel free to email me at [email protected]
Ranunculus root. Stele cross section. Shows: Endodermis , xylem, starch grains. Dicot. 100X at 35mm
Find out more about plants under the microscope in this video from Kew. Plants under the microscope, wood anatomy at Kew Gardens - www.kew.org/video/beneath-the-skin-of-plants/index.htm (Photo Peter Gasson RBG Kew)
Cross section of the stem of Ginkgo biloba, microscope photo by Anatoly Mikhaltsov. This photo is the winner of Microscopy Image...
Roots are the most neglected parts of plants, perhaps because they are out of sight and - superficially at least - lack the intrinsic aesthetic beauty of the above-ground parts. For most (although not all) plants they are vital structures and - when you look really closely - they have an intricate beauty of their own. Root tips are sensitive gravity detectors, ensuring that the root always grows downwards into the soil. This root was held in the horizontal plane for less than an hour before it redirected its growth downwards. Behind the root tip you can see the point where the root hairs develop, with newly initiated root hairs just visible nearest the root tip but becoming longer as you move away from it. Further back still the root hairs die away continually and each has a life span of just a day or two, but they are continually replaced as the root penetrates further into the soil. The passage of the root through the soil is assisted by lubricating mucilage produced by the root tip, whose surface cells slough off. The mucilage also supports a bacterial microflora that helps the root acquire nutrients and may provide some protection from disease-producing organisms. This is a root tip sectioned vertically and stained with a fluorescent dye called DAPI. If you click on the image to enlarge it the details will be a little clearer. The brightly fluoresescing dots are the nuclei, one per cell, and you can see the files of cells produced by sequential cell division followed by cell elongation, which pushes the root ever-further into the soil. This is a root in transverse section, further back from the tip than the previous image, in the middle of the root hair zone. It has been stained with a fluorescent dye called calcofluor, which makes the cellulose cell walls fluoresce blue in ultraviolet light. From the outside inwards, you can see the long root hairs, each a single cell that arises from the root epidermis (surface layer of cells). Next inwards lies the root cortex, which constitutes the vast bulk of the cells, then in the centre you can see the stele - the cylinder of vascular tissue that transports water upwards to the rest of the plant and carries sugars and amino acides downwards to support the continued growth of the root. The arrangement of the various cells and structures is more clearly visible here, at higher magnification. The large circles in the stele, top left, are xylem vessels that conduct water away from the root. The root hairs, which are in intimate contact with the soil particles, absorb water and soluble minerals that are transported through the root cortex, both from cell-to-cell within cell cytoplasm (the symplastic route) and through cell walls and the spaces between cells (the apoplastic route), to the stele in the centre of the root. Once the water reaches the stele it encounters a single layer of cells called the endodermis, that sheaths the stele. The walls of the endodermal cells contain a substance called suberin which renders them impermeable, so water that arrived via the apoplastic route is forced into and through the cytoplasm of these cells, where dissolved minerals are selectively removed. You can see the suberin deposits, known as the Casparian strip, as the orange staining in the single ring of cells that lies between the blue and the yellow cells in the section of a stele above. Some water also passes unimpeded through specialised passage cells in the endodermis - if you follow the ring of cells with the orange stained Casparian strip in their cell walls around the stele in the image above, you'll notice a few passage cells with no orange-stained suberin deposit in their walls. Almost all the water taken up and transmitted via both routes, via the cytoplasm of the endodemis cells or via their passage cells, then enters the dead xylem cells that carry it aloft in the water column that is drawn upwards by transpiration from the leaves. When gardeners buy plants in garden centres there's a great temptation to simply dig a hole and plant them, without teasing out the pot-bound roots or cultivating the soil around the planting hole, but a little tender, loving care for root systems pays great dividends: the vigour of the plant above the soil depends on the health of the roots, hidden below the surface.
Naturally Occurring Fractals (including plants, rivers, galaxies, clouds, weather, population patterns, stocks, video feedback, crystal growth, etc.) The geometry of Fractals brings us a new apprec…
I found this little insect, which is less than two millimetres long, in a bag of walnuts imported from France. It's a psocid, commonly known as a booklouse, on account of the fact that these often turn up in the bindings of old books that have been stored in a damp place. They also like wallpaper and we used to find them behind peeling damp wallpaper in our house, before we stripped it all off and redecorated, thereby making scores of booklice homeless; I suspect they feed on wallpaper paste. Psocids are also found on tree bark and are sometimes known as barklice. Psocids look superficially like very small aphids but instead of a piecing feeding stylet they have biting jaws, that are visible in this side view. Some species are wingless, others have wings that they fold over their backs like a tent, but this one only has vestigial wings - or perhaps they are wings that have yet to develop fully. Other distinctive features are the relatively large compound eyes positioned on either side of the head and the long antennae.
Pleurae is plural for pleura.
Probably one of the best cross-section pics I have. Makes a wicked desktop background ! Added to the Cream of the Crop pool as most interesting. © 2016 Antoine H
“Invasive species can disrupt natural processes and food webs, and reduce species diversity by outcompeting and displacing natives,” states Dodd.
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This image captures the spiral-shaped ovary of an anglerfish in cross-section. Once matured, these eggs will be released in a gelatinous, floating mass. For some species of anglerfish, this egg mass can be up to 3 feet long and include nearly 200,000 eggs. Image courtesy of James E. Hayden, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia. Part of the exhibit Life:Magnified by ASCB and NIGMS. www.nigms.nih.gov/Education/life-magnified/Pages/default....
Almost as soon as plants colonised the land surface they began to compete for light, struggling to grow out of each other’s mutual shade. The ultimate solution, adopted by trees, was to produce woody stems and grow tall, shading out competitors below. It's a very successful strategy - left to their own devices, many terrestrial ecosystems where water and warmth are adequate become forests. These (above) are cross sections of stems of two sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus seedlings, just a couple of weeks after germinating from a seed in spring, and already they have begun to produce woody thickening in some of their cells, visible here as the bright yellow fluorescent staining inside the stem (on the periphery of the large pith cells in its core). The very narrow yellow fluorescent line around the perimeter of the stem is the waxy cuticle secreted by the epidermal cells that protects the young stem – just a couple of millimetres in diameter at this stage - from water loss and invasion by pathogens. Double-click on the image for a clearer picture. Fast-forward almost three years now and this seedling has grown into a sapling. In this cross section of a three year old lime (Tilia sp.) stem the big cells at the core are the pith. The three concentric rings of brown cells outside of that contain the xylem vessels that conduct water up and down the stem. They’re dead and their walls are strengthened with woody lignin, producing a strong, rigid support for the fast growing shoot and leaves. The width of those annual rings varies according the growing season – but I suspect that the outer, most recent ring is narrower because this shoot was harvested for microscopic sectioning sometime in mid-summer, before that year's annual growth was complete. Take a close look at the outer edge of the outer annual ring of xylem (double click the image to enlarge) and you may just be able to make out a distinct narrow zone of very small blue-stained cells, just a few cells thick (at about 7 o'clock on the section). This is the cambium – the thin layer of living cells that divides to produce dead xylem cells on its inner face and living phloem cells, that conduct sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant, on the outer side. Together the phloem and cambium are only a few cells thick and represent the most important living tissue inside the tree. Their protection is vital for the tree’s survival, so they are covered by a thick layer of bark tissue, also stained blue where the cells are alive but showing as grey-brown on the outer surface of the twig, where they are dying or dead. This is the tree’s waterproof, self-repairing, insulating, wound healing tissue, protecting the delicate living layer of cells inside. Growing tall by producing annual rings of growth is a long-term investment for a plant which only reaches full size after decade of growth, but the return on investment can then continue over centuries – and in some cases millennia - of annual flowering and seed production. As the stem adds annual rings, expanding in girth with every succeeding year, the outer dead bark layer splits into characteristic patterns, depending on the tree species. The line of red cells in the bark tissues are fibres - dead cells that strengthen the young stem.
Everyone has to eat. We've been doing it a long time. So, you would think that our philosophies about “Food” would be simple. They are not. "Food" (and the politics that govern it) is very complicated. Fears about food safety such as outbreaks of salmonella and E. Coli have led Congress to consider passing a bill which will allow federal agencies the authority to recall tainted products if a manufacturer refuses. I don’t understand why this is controversial? It seems like common sense to me. Currently, there are 15 federal agencies that oversee food and drug inspections. --- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Protects the health and value of U.S. agricultural resources (e.g., animals and plants). Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration - Establishes quality standards, inspection procedures and marketing of grain and other related products. Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) - Establishes quality and condition standards for dairy, fruit, vegetable, livestock, meat, poultry, and egg products. (Has no statutory authority.) Agricultural Research Service - Conducts food safety research. Economic Research Service - Provides analyses of the economic issues affecting the safety of the U.S. food supply. National Agricultural Statistics Service - Provides statistical data, including agricultural chemical usage data, related to the safety of the food supply. Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service - Supports food safety research, education, and extension programs in the land-grant university system and other partner organizations. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - Inspects all domestic and imported food products except meat, poultry, or processed egg products. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Protects the nation's public health, including foodborne illness surveillance. National Marine Fisheries Service - Provides voluntary, fee-for-service examinations of seafood for safety and quality. Environmental Protection Agency - Regulates the use of pesticides and maximum allowable residue levels on food commodities and animal feed. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau - Enforces laws covering the production, use, and distribution of alcoholic beverages. Department of Homeland Security - Coordinates agencies’ food security activities. Federal Trade Commission - Prohibits false advertisements for food. We can spend lots of money to teach people about the importance of a healthy diet, but we can’t tell them what to eat or where to buy it. These are personal decisions guided (often as not) by availability and cost more than by our personal preferences. If you are poor, it is harder to get access to good food at an affordable price. Michelle Obama wants to change our national food policies to help with this. She has appeared at soup kitchens and community centers to talk about the importance of a healthy diet. She has visited schools seeking to improve their lunch menus. And, to increase people’s access to fresh fruits and vegetables, she has promoted the local-food movement. Here at Chesapeake Central Library we are trying in our own way to foster some of the same ideas. We have partnered with Plant-A-Row and the Chesapeake Agriculture Department to start a small garden behind our Children’s Department . Library programs teaching children about seeds, gardens and food are being organized. So far, we have made pots for our plants out of recycled newspapers and planted beans. This summer, school children came to the First Lady’s Garden to help plant (and later harvest) food. The intent was to show children the step-by-step process of how food gets to the table. This is something that many children who live in the city don’t know. Don’t vegetables come in cans? Even some children who live outside urban areas may not know much about how food is grown. I remember years ago we bought our little nephew a bag of hot roasted peanuts at a sporting event and after a few minutes he broke a shell open and exclaimed excitedly, “ Hey! There’s peanuts in here!” He was so surprised. (The only peanuts he had ever seen were already shelled, salted and in a cellophane wrapper.) Here at Central Library, we have taken some wooden pallets from our loading dock and repurposed them to create “raised planting beds” outside our Children’s area. We’ve stapled landscaping cloth to the bottom and sides and filled the top with potting soil and then laid them horizontal on the patio. Ta Da! A place to grow food when you can't dig! Apartment dwellers with small balconies or outdoor space could do the same. We are in the process of planting these flats with beans, peas, onions, lettuce and radishes. We have tomatoes in ceramic pots, sunflowers planted against the brick wall and a selection of herbs and flowers to be planted in two vertical pallets. If our Garden Project takes off here -as we hope it will-we envision a meandering walkway around the building with pockets of edible plants scattered among the bushes and flowers. In fact, plans have already been drawn up. (As always with new ideas, however, it is the practical matter of funding that will or will not ensure it's success.) Wish us luck. Because having great food isn’t much use if you don’t know how to cook it, part of the White House plan is to also inspire families to cook. By working with Brainfood, a non-profit organization that helps young people build life skills and promotes healthy living, they are using food as a teaching tool to show people how to grow and cook food. While I can’t say I really “enjoy” cooking all the time, I am old enough to have grown up during a time and place when there wasn’t any other option. If you wanted to eat, you had to cook it yourself. So, I learned early and have just considered it to be part of life. Apparently, there are a lot of people who don’t cook at all! (And I thought it was only my husband.) I am hoping that the food gathered from our garden will not only feed people, but will also spawn some library programs for teens on how to cook, for adults on how to can produce, for everyone how to eat healthy and promote the idea of food sovereignty for everyone. Perhaps we can also form some new partnerships with people and organizations who are interested in reforming the way agriculture is subsidized, changing regulations to improve the environment, raising nutritional standards in public schools or better food labeling in the markets. It's amazing the ideas that can be grown in a garden, isn't it? Did you know that just learning how to cook food caused a big jump in human intellect 150,000 years ago? Cooking breaks down fibers in foods and sends nutrients to the brain faster because less energy is required to digest it. This freed up calories to feed our brains. If we all started growing some of our own food, and/or eating healthy locally-grown products, just think of the increase to our brain power and all the things we could accomplish! Maybe "Food" isn't supposed to be as complicated as we have made it after all? WHEN THE TIME'S TOXINS by Christian Wiman When the time's toxins have seeped into every cell and like a salted plot from which all rain, all green are gone I and life are leached of meaning somehow a seed of belief sprouts the instant I acknowledge it. Little weedy hardy would-be greeness tugged upward by light while deep within roots like talons are taking hold again of this our only earth.
