Introduction to the 4 Economic Systems.Full Lesson with...a) Anticipatory set (DO NOW) questionsb) Powerpoint Notesc) Guided Notesd) Practice Activitye) 3 Separate Current Event Articles (Can be used to differntiate with different learning levels) Can be used for a Full Period lesson for Economics, ...
About this Product:Current Events are a nice way to integrate Social Studies, Reading, and Writing. Additionally, they are a wonderful way to keep your students connected to the community and world around them. 🛑 Are you a member of the TLL Membership? These materials are already included. If you are not a member, click here to learn more. The TLL Membership gives you an all-access pass to hundreds of ELA resources for teachers in Grades 3-5.This resource addresses the following Common Core State Standards:Common Core Reading Anchor Standard 1: Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. Common Core Reading Anchor Standard 2: Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas.Common Core Reading Anchor Standard 3: Analyze how and why individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text. Common Core Reading Anchor Standard 4: Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone.Common Core Reading Anchor Standard 6: Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of the text.This product includes:What’s the Scoop? Directions, Rubric, and Checklist?This page gives the student directions for their assignment and then offers a checklist/rubric. In this way, students know exactly what is expected of them and how they will get their grade. This is also helpful for the teacher when grading the assignment.What’s the Scoop?This part of the assignment requires students to find a newspaper article and then answer Who, What, When, Were, and Why questions based on the article. The Author’s CraftThis portion of the assignment requires students to think about the author’s perspective, angle, and word choice in the text/about the topic. Students will identify the author’s tone (positive, negative, neutral) and then give examples of the author’s word choice. Students will also identify two new words, give the sentence from the article that used the word, meaning of the word, and create a new sentence using the word. Sum it Up!Students will use the article as well as the answers to the previous questions to write a summary of their article.
FORMATS INCLUDED PDF Google Slides
Current event and general interest articles are a wonderful resource for students. They can be used for researching a topic, staying informed on what's happening in the news, pleasure reading, and more. In the past I have shared some creative ways to use online articles as part of technology activities for student creativity and reading comprehension. For example: Improve Reading Comprehension with Google Docs "Black Out" - Blog Post Link Black Out Poetry with Google Docs - Blog Post Link Additionally Google recently added a new lesson to their Applied Digital Skills curriculum called "Annotate Text in Google Docs". This activity covers how to take an article, copy and paste it into Google Docs, and then make digital notes to understand the article using comments, highlighting, tables, and more. One big question, however, is where to find good articles. Over the years I have come across many excellent resources for articles that are written specifically for students. See below for my current list of these sites. Student Article Websites Below is a list of useful websites that provide current event and general interest articles for students. Many of these sites provide additional resources such as: Articles written at multiple reading levels (Lexile levels) Quizzes over the article content Discussion questions or writing prompts Options for students to leave comments on the articles Audio versions of the articles All of these sites are free, although some may require you to register to log in, or to provide your students with a code to access the articles. Some of the sites also have paid versions with additional features, but all provide at least access to the articles at no cost. This list is certainly not complete, so please feel free to share your suggestions in the comments below for additional sources for articles that should be added. Note: The list is arranged alphabetically, not by order of preference. #1 - CommonLit Website - https://www.commonlit.org/en/texts This site has a free collection of fiction and nonfiction for 3rd-12th grade classrooms, searchable by lexile, grade, theme, genre, literary device, or common core standard. #2 - DOGOnews Website - https://www.dogonews.com Current event articles covering news, science, social studies, world events, environment, sports, and more. #3 - KidsPost Website - https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/kidspost/ This site is from the Washington Post, with articles specifically written for students. #4 - KiwiKids News Website - https://kiwikidsnews.co.nz/ This site is from New Zealand but provides excellent articles on world events as well as general interest topics. #5 - Learn With News Website - https://learnwithnews.com/ Current event articles, each written at three different reading levels, including resources for difficult words, activities, vocabulary practice, conversation questions, and more. #6 - NY Times Article of the Day Website - https://www.nytimes.com/spotlight/learning-article-of-the-day This site takes one New York Times article per day and pairs it with detailed questions for pre-reading, discussion, and writing. #7 - News For Kids Website - https://newsforkids.net Daily updated with articles covering world news, science, sports, arts, and more. #8 - Newsela Website - https://newsela.com This is one of the best known sites for student articles, with each article written at five different reading levels. #9 - ReadWorks Website - https://www.readworks.org/ Thousands of passages including articles, paired texts, fiction and nonfiction, and more. #10 - Science News for Students Website - https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org Science, health and technology news stories and features, aimed at readers 9 to 14 years old. #11 - Student Daily News Website - https://www.studentnewsdaily.com/ Content for students including a daily news article, world events, editorials, and more, #12 - Teaching Kids News Website - http://teachingkidsnews.com/ This site provides current event news articles for students in grades 2 through 8, along with thinking questions and discussion prompts. #13 - Time for Kids Website - https://www.timeforkids.com/ News and articles from Time, written for students K through 6th grade. Some articles include versions in multiple reading levels. #14 - TweenTribune Website - http://tweentribune.com Each article is written at four different reading levels so the content can be used K-12. #15 - Wonderopolis Website - http://wonderopolis.org This site has a new article posted each day answering an intriguing question. #16 - Youngzine Website - http://youngzine.org This site is updated weekly with news articles aimed at upper elementary through high school students. Post by Eric Curts. Bring me to your school, organization, or conference with over 50 PD sessions to choose from. Connect with me on Twitter at twitter.com/ericcurts
7 best (and FREE) news websites for students to find
It is a coooolllld Saturday here in Connecticut, as we wait for more snow. I agree with my friends though, if it is going to be this cold, it mind as well snow. I am excited to link up with the sweetest and most stylish teacher I know, Joanne, over at Head Over Heels for Teaching. As soon as I thought of this idea, I knew today would be the perfect way to blog about it **I am not advertising for the company, I just wanted to share my excited find with my teacher friends!** I was inspired last weekend by a new app I came across on the educational freebie page. It is called News-O-Matic. It is absolutely perfect for the classroom and I am still shocked it was free. It is a daily newsfeed for kids. It highlights multiple genres per day from sports to politics. It breaks down news stories into kid friendly language and interesting topics. The stories are obviously true extremely interesting. The app is full of games, contests, ways to write to the publisher, and even past articles. **Edited to announce: There is a subscription fee for your students to be able to use ALL of the features. It is $14.99. So far we have been using the free version, but I think I might upgrade** This week I was excited to pilot my new idea. If you have been reading my blog posts lately, you know how hard my class has been working on their writing skills. For us, school starts at 8:20, but students can come into the room at 7:50. Until then, they sit in the Cafe and read quietly. Instead of giving morning work this week, I gave some students iPads and this work sheet. (You can click on the image to download it for free!) I let students work by themselves, in partners, or in groups to read the current events on the app. They were then responsible to fill out the worksheet together and be ready to report to the class at our morning meeting. This turned out AMAZING for so many reasons! A few students started with iPads, but once others arrived they quickly unpacked and went to join a friend or group. EVERYONE was engaged and actively reading informational text. There were interesting articles for everyone from sports to politics. Kids were actually discussing and coming to a consensus in groups as to what to write down on the paper before sharing it with the class. At share time, if two groups presented the same article, the groups piggybacked off of other group's thoughts ON THEIR OWN. (A major milestone!) The questions that the students came up with on the sheet were amazing! Many of them sent them in to "Russ" on the "Write to Russ" section. As you can clearly tell the students were motivated, eager to learn, and enjoyed reading the news. Who would have thought that the shy little boy that struggles with reading and writing would ask to work alone and present his thoughts to the class on "Working for Peace in Syria??" Turns out he is really interested in promoting peace and what the United States can do to help! I was blown away with his enthusiasm and background knowledge on the topic. When the groups presented to the class we reflected the app on the SmartBoard and everyone learned together. Seriously, it was amazing experience and the kids are already asking if we can continue this new idea next week! Try this out! I guarantee you and your students will learn from this app. This quick activity hits so many standards for CCSS and CCR that I do not feel guilty giving up 10-15 minutes a day for this new learning. Happy Saturday! I am off the grocery store!
For relevant, accurate, and appropriate current events to share with your students, try watching CNN Student News. With new content daily, the ten minute segments are an easy way to incorporate nonfiction into your classroom and engage your students with real world issues.
Students are bombarded with the news constantly. Sometimes it is difficult to make sense of it all. We approach current events in multiple ways in my classroom. Here's my top 3 for engaging student
Feature Students In Back-To-SchoolNewspaper Articles All About Them Welcome students with their own gazettes filled with A all about meA news items to personalize. A fun getting-to-know-you activity. 24 posters * Size: 17" by 22" each
This is how you level up current events in history class for real! This gets kids to do the important work of history class- applying lesson from history to the present world and current issues! The template starts with students sourcing the article or news story (you can assign them a specific one ...
Need a current events worksheet for your classroom? Use this free Current Events Report handout!
Find engaging resources for teaching current events to middle school students.
This Frederick Douglass adapted book resource for Boom Learning is an informational text that you can use for any literacy, reading, social studies, history, and/or current events lesson. For special education, ELL/ESL/EFL, and classrooms that could use a more accessible text for Black History Month. This resource gives students an opportunity to learn more about a leader they may have not had the chance to learn about in the past and/or a more interactive way to read and learn. My students also enjoyed having their own books, real photos to explore (no clip art here!), and the opportunity to add this and build onto their own classroom library. Reading about history made accessible: Most of our students have a complicated relationship with reading, which can feel ingrained as they get older. Plus, a lot of texts can feel out of reach as our students reach older grades. This resource gives our students more opportunities to read about history, events, and famous leaders they may have or may not have heard of as well as an interactive component for students as they read. Differentiation options: this resource includes multiple versions for your students to engage in the lesson: 2 leveled readers that are printable and digital, 3 differentiated worksheets (written multiple choice, picture multiple choice, cut out pictures) Ideas for use: warm-up, morning meeting, academic lesson, centers, choice time, reading circle, small group, 1:1, whole class PREVIEW HERE: https://wow.boomlearning.com/deck/q-2D9R4Jiq9M5LiLwco?ref=tpt ABOUT BOOM CARDS: To use Boom Cards, you must be connected to the Internet. Boom Cards play on modern browsers (Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and Edge). Apps are available for modern Android, iPads, iPhones, and Kindle Fires. For security and privacy, adults must have a Boom Learning account to use and assign Boom Cards. You will be able to assign the Boom Cards you are buying with "Fast Pins," (a form of play that gives instant feedback to students for self-grading Boom Cards). For assignment options that report student progress back to you, you will need to purchase a premium account. If you are new to Boom Learning, you will be offered a free trial of our premium account. Read here for details: http://bit.ly/BoomTrial.
Build Your Own Bundle - 20% off of 3 resources (Code: ELLE3) 30% off of 5 resources (Code: ELLE5) 40% off of 8 resources (Code: ELLE8) In this creative report resource, you'll find 13 differentiated activities for ANY COUNTRY - these templates are perfectly sized for lapbooks and interactive notebooks. This social studies/geography project is complete as is, or makes a great companion to your current curriculum. You'll love that this project is guided and can be used for independent work. Your students will love it because it's fun and a change of pace. It's so straightforward and clear that you can even feel confident in leaving it in your sub folder! Find the State Lapbook Project Here: https://www.etsy.com/listing/961226080/state-research-project-for-any-usa-state There are covers for 40 countries - each will feature the country flag. Students will enjoy researching their own country or another one of interest to them. The pieces are interactive and will be incredibly engaging for your students - there's a mini gallery, tiny postcards, a basket of books, an art gallery, and a mini-book of cuisine. Countries Included: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Russia, Sweden, Thailand, U.S.A., Argentina, The Bahamas, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Holland, Iceland, India, Jamacia, South Korea, Norway, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland, South America, plus a blank for ANY country Topics Included: Country Flag Important Historical Events Largest Body of Water Popular Landford Languages Spoken Major Industries Continental Facts Surrounding Countries Famous Places Country Timeline (1700s - 2000s) Popular Cuisine Government Native Plants Holidays National Anthem Weather Popular Sports Animals Museums Most Populated Cities Important People Continent Map Interesting Facts Supplies Needed: You’ll find this project very inexpensive. More than likely, you already have what you need for this activity. •one file folder per student •one set of activity sheets per student •one student’s guide per student •scissors •stapler •white glue •Crayons or colored pencils •1 metal brad per student Sample Project: In the document file, you’ll find a sample of the layout of this project for lapbooks. For interactive notebooks, students will have the freedom to organize how they’d like. <<>> Terms of Use Copyright © Project Based Learning with Elle Madison. All rights reserved by the author. This product is to be used by the original downloader only. This means it is for ONE teacher. Additional licenses may be purchased by the original buyer at a discount. Copying for more than one teacher, classroom, department, school, or school system is prohibited. This product may not be distributed or displayed digitally for public view. Failure to comply is a copyright infringement and a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Clipart and elements found in this JPEG are copyrighted and cannot be extracted and used outside of this file without permission or license. Intended for classroom and personal use ONLY.
Although the physical and psychological benefits of youth participating in sport are evident, the increasing professionalization and specialization of youth sport, primarily by coaches and parents, are changing the culture of youth sport and causing it to erode the ideal mantra: “It’s all about the kids.” In Best Practice for Youth Sport, readers will gain an appreciation of an array of issues regarding youth sport. This research-based text is presented in a practical manner, with examples from current events that foster readers’ interest and class discussion. The content is based on the principle of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP), which can be defined as engaging in decisions, behaviors, and policies that meet the physical, psychological, and social needs of children and youth based on their ages and maturational levels. This groundbreaking resource covers a breadth of topics, including bone development, burnout, gender and racial stereotypes, injuries, motor behavior, and parental pressures. Written by Robin S. Vealey and Melissa A. Chase, the 16 chapters of Best Practice for Youth Sport are divided into four parts. Part I, Youth Sport Basics, provides readers with the fundamental knowledge and background related to the history, evolution, and organization of youth sport. Part II, Maturation and Readiness for Youth Sport Participants, is the core of understanding how and why youth sport is different from adult sport. This part details why it is important to know when youth are ready to learn and compete. Part III, Intensity of Participation in Youth Sport, examines the appropriateness of physical and psychological intensity at various developmental stages and the potential ramifications of overtraining, overspecialization, overstress, and overuse. The text concludes with part IV, Social Considerations in Youth Sport, which examines how youth sport coaches and parents can help create a supportive social environment so that children can maximize the enjoyment and benefits from youth sport. In addition to 14 appendixes, activities, glossaries, study questions, and other resources that appear in Best Practice for Youth Sport, the textbook is enhanced with instructor ancillaries: a test package, image bank, and instructor guide that features a syllabus, additional study questions and learning activities, tips on teaching difficult concepts, and additional readings and resources. These specialized resources ensure that instructors will be ready for each class session with engaging materials. Best Practice for Youth Sport provides readers with knowledge of sport science concerning youth sport and engages them through the use of anecdotes, activities, case studies, and practical strategies. Armed with the knowledge from this text, students, coaches, parents, administrators, and others will be able to become active agents of social change in structuring and enhancing youth sport programs to meet the unique developmental needs of children, making the programs athlete centered rather than adult centered so that they truly are all about the kids.
Want to get your students creating music and talking about their emotions, current events, and history? Get creative with this Reggae tune creation worksheet! Have students complete the worksheet and share with the class! There is not a listening link with this download. The teacher will need to do ...
This Frederick Douglass adapted book resource is an informational text that you can use for any literacy, reading, social studies, history, and/or current events lesson. For special education, ELL/ESL/EFL, and classrooms that could use a more accessible text for Black History Month. This resource gives students an opportunity to learn more about a leader they may have not had the chance to learn about in the past and/or a more interactive way to read and learn. My students also enjoyed having their own books, real photos to explore (no clip art here!), and the opportunity to add this and build onto their own classroom library. Reading about history made accessible: Most of our students have a complicated relationship with reading, which can feel ingrained as they get older. Plus, a lot of texts can feel out of reach as our students reach older grades. This resource gives our students more opportunities to read about history, events, and famous leaders they may have or may not have heard of as well as an interactive component for students as they read. Differentiation options: this resource includes multiple versions for your students to engage in the lesson: 2 leveled readers that are printable and digital, 3 differentiated worksheets (written multiple choice, picture multiple choice, cut out pictures) Ideas for use: warm-up, morning meeting, academic lesson, centers, choice time, reading circle, small group, 1:1, whole class WHAT'S INSIDE Teacher Manual Resource Walkthrough Printing Guidelines Suggestions for Use and Differentiation Printable Adapted Books Level 1 – with smaller groups of text & interactive pieces that match & pull from the text Level 2 – same text as Level 1, written in paragraphs Level 3 – advanced text Digital Adapted Books Level 1 – with smaller groups of text & interactive pieces that match & pull from the text Level 2 – same text as Level 1, written in paragraphs Level 3 – advanced text Reading Comprehension Questions – 3 types Printable Digital – included at the end of both digital adapted books and the classroom slides
One part of my Social Studies curriculum was to incorporate current events into our classroom. However, I wanted my students to have the opportunity to think about and research topics that truly interested them. We incorporated Article of the Week. For homework, students would find an article in their local newspaper or from a reputable […]
The work matching current events to content is not as difficult as it used to be. Here are eight ways to help bring current events to life for students.
Looking for ideas for current events for kids? Teaching kids about current events is so important! Here are some resources to get you started.
CNN 10 (CNN Student News) is the best! My social studies students are hooked on CNN 10, formerly CNN Student News! Students see daily current events in a short format that keeps their attention. Current events can be seen for free online. This US or World History class resource is perfect for getting students thinking about current events through a Common Core lens. CNN10 This activity set has FIFTEEN templates and is aligned with Common Core Literacy and Writing standards for ELA, history, and science (NGSS). In addition to receiving printable copies provided in PDF, this lesson was recently converted to GOOGLE 1:1 compatible templates for a completely GOOGLE Classroom-ready lesson! Textboxes are already made in a colorful Google Slides Interactive Notebook format. As always, the text is bold in dark blue for easy, eye-catching online grading! Depending on the style and class ability level, there are varying templates for teachers to implement. In most cases, students are required to: ✎ Support claims with evidence from the news ✎ Draw conclusions ✎ Illustrate data ✎ Map where the stories take place ✎ Summarize key information ✎ Reflect on class connections to the current event Since students can access CNN Students News or CNN Ten at home, this makes for easy extra credit or homework assignments. Class discussions come easily with a great information base from which to launch. This product can be used for a remote or distance learning environment. It suits the needs of an online classroom that fits perfectly with a Google Classroom platform. This is a virtual learning experience that teachers can use to guide students through current events. ♥♥♥ We also have a best-selling NEWSELA ARTICLE ANALYSIS RESOURCE BUNDLE! It includes 7 great templates for current event articles that fit perfectly with individual student reading levels! ⚡️⚡️⚡️ Want to get FREE monthly new products? Be sure to click HEREto follow us. You'll also be the first to know about new products and sales too! ⭐ BE SURE TO FOLLOW US ON: TPT to receive notifications of new products, sales, and notes to followers. Just click the “follow me” button next to the ⭐ ✅ Check out our website & blog ✅Pinterest for creative classroom ideas, lessons, and more. ✅Instagram for laughs and to see products at use in the classroom. ✅Facebook for interesting articles, posts, & tips! ❤️ABOUT MR. AND MRS. P, THE TEACHERS BEHIND INSTRUCTOMANIA❤️ We are a Middle School teacher duo with over 40 years of experience in the Middle School classroom! We strive to create history and science lesson plans that inspire teachers and engage students, focusing on history activities for sixth, seventh, and eighth grade. Our Ancient History and Medieval History curricula include no prep worksheets and Common Core lessons that have been tested and polished in the classroom. World History activities are created with visually rich graphic organizer worksheets and fun thematic assignments. We hope you and your students love our products as much as we did making and using them in our Middle School classes! ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ Terms of Use ☺ ©Instructomania, Inc. All rights reserved by Tony and Erika Pavlovich. This product is to be used by the original downloader only. Additional teachers must purchase their own licenses. TPT now offers multiple license options if you are a teacher, principal, or district interested in purchasing several licenses.
Current events are a great way to keep kids informed of what is going on in the world around them. This current event sheet and rubric allows students to choose an article that interests them to share with the class. They must highlight important key events, answer questions and write a summary. ...
This Differentiated Current Events Choice Menu with Depth and Complexity Icons can be used with lessons on Current events in the classroom and for use in Interactive Student Notebooks. Students can also read current events at home and complete the activities as evidence of understanding in their ISN...
Download these free printable current events worksheets to help children record their learning in the classroom. Free pages from The Curriculum Corner.
Hexagonal thinking is a rich new way to inspire discussion. This quick post will tell you everything you need to know (and provide you with ready-to-print resources) to successfully add Hexagonal Thinking discussions into your ELA classroom.
Hexagonal thinking is a rich new way to inspire discussion. This quick post will tell you everything you need to know (and provide you with ready-to-print resources) to successfully add Hexagonal Thinking discussions into your ELA classroom.
Are you like me and don’t watch the news? I don’t watch the news because it’s depressing. But it’s also not a good thing because sometimes I don’t know what’s going on in the world.I wish growing up in school that I had learned an appreciation for learning what’s going on in the world around […]
I realize many people have created products for current events, but through trial and error I have finally made one that I feel does a pretty solid job for my students. The reason is because it includes sourcing, looking at advertisers present, evaluating the political leanings, exploring who exactly the author is, and so on. I really try to stress point of view and identifying bias in my class which is why I created this. In addition, students are asked to annotate their article (must be political news- no cat in tree stories) and attach it, summarize it on the form, include a quote, and give their opinion. I assign one every week or sometimes rotate it with my Political Cartoon Form (also for sale). Enjoy :)
Download these free printable current events worksheets to help children record their learning in the classroom. Free pages from The Curriculum Corner.
Want a fun way to wrap up your Social Studies year? I've created a project that gives your class a creative way to review the entire year's worth of material. I used it in my own room and it was always a hit with both the kids and the parents. Check it out: Review each of your standards using a fun activity that will creatively engage every student in your class! This end-of-year activity allows students to work in teams to create a project. The great part about it is that they get to choose their topics and type of project. Research shows that when a student chooses what he/she will study, they are more likely to retain the information and put forth greater effort. I have implemented this project for several years and have always been pleasantly surprised at the quality of work my students exhibited, as well as the enthusiasm they had for their projects. (Some memorable projects were a civil war movie that was shot "on location" and a VERY creative scrapbook on the Revolutionary War.) The best part was how interested the other students were in seeing each team's projects. They were reviewing an entire year's worth of social studies without realizing it! This 3 page packet guides students through choosing a topic that you have covered this year in social studies. It also assists them in choosing a way to present that topic. Some choices given are to create a newspaper, create a scrapbook, create a play, create a book, create a poster, etc. Students work at their own pace to complete the project in class. At the end of the given time, they are asked to present the project to the class. Students in the audience will use the project presentation form provided to record facts that they learned during each presentation. ANY topic or curriculum can be used with this end-of-year project. This packet includes: - Detailed Teachers Notes to help you implement this activity. - A student project page to guide student through choosing and creating their project. - A student project presentation form to record facts from other teams' presentations. Some Comments from TeachersPayTeachers Customers: Strykermom: love the idea on an end of year project to culminate the lesson learned Courtney Dubord: I can not wait to use this with my kiddos this year!! I know it will make it easier for them to understand the millions of topics we will be covering this year! THANK YOU! Make History Fun: A great review! Jennifer Nash: I use it every year! Other social studies units in my store: To see more great classroom resources, you can visit my Teachers Pay Teachers store or my Teacher's Notebook store. Want to know when I'm running a sale or posting a new product? I'd be super excited if you'd follow my store or subscribe to my feed!
Add diversity to your current events assignments with these 5
Join Let's Cultivate Greatness and become part of an empowering community of educators. Access valuable resources and collaborate with fellow teachers.