The Miyawaki Method is one of the most effective tree planting methods for creating forest cover quickly on degraded land that has been used for other purposes such as agriculture or construction. It is effective because it is based on natural reforestation principles, i.e. using trees native to the area and replicating natural forest regeneration processes. It has some significant benefits over more traditional forestry methods when used in smaller afforestation projects and is particularly effective in the urban environment. The trees planted by this method grow much faster, jump starting the forest creation process and capturing more carbon. Higher biodiversity has been recorded in Miyawaki forests than in neighbouring woodland, so it’s an ideal method for creating diverse forest ecosystems quickly. Within the context of the current climate change emergency and stark warnings about the global loss of biodiversity, being able to create diverse, healthy forests quickly could prove vital to meeting international targets and tackling these issues.Two year old Miyawaki Forest. Photo credit: AfforesttMiyawaki Method principlesThe essential principle of the Miyawaki method is using species of trees that would occur naturally in that area and that work together to create a diverse, multi-layered forest community. This creates a resilient and thriving forest ecosystem with species that complement each other, restoring “native forests by native trees”. The selection of species to plant in a given area was originally linked to the theory of potential natural vegetation (PNV), in other words the vegetation that would occur in a specific area without further human interference. Extensive surveys have been carried out globally to determine the PNV across the world (see Hengl et al. 2018 for a summary), although there is fierce debate about the most effective way of defining ‘native’ species. In the UK the PNV is predominantly oak or oak/ash woodland, with beech woodland in the South East of England and boreal pine forest in Scotland. Estuarine and wet woodlands occur in specific habitats, particularly around The Wash and on the Somerset Levels. In spite of the inherent difficulties in defining native species, those that are adapted to local conditions (in the UK oak, willow, birch for example) will fare better and contribute more to increasing biodiversity than more recently introduced species (e.g horse chestnut, plane).One of the most noticeable differences in a Miyawaki forest is that the seedlings are planted at very high densities. This replicates the regeneration process that occurs in a natural forest when a clearing in the canopy opens up due to a larger tree falling. The saplings grow very fast to compete for the light and then natural selection will favour the fastest growing individuals and act to thin out the trees. The result is a densely packed pioneer forest that grows in 20 to 30 years instead of taking 150 to 200 years. This has obvious benefits for projects that are working to maximise a forest’s carbon sequestration potential or recreate habitat for biodiversity and wildlife.Afforestt Clifton Park project, Karachi, after planting and 2 years later. Photo credit: AfforesttThe history of the Miyawaki Method The Miyawaki Method is named after its creator, Akira Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist and plant ecologist who has a particular interest in phytosociology, i.e. how plant species interact with each other within communities. Following the completion of a PhD in plant ecology, Miyawaki went to study with phytosociologist Reinhold Tüxen in Germany, where he learned about the concept of potential natural vegetation. When he returned to Japan and applied the PNV principles to the Japanese landscape, he became interested in the relics of ancient forests found around temples and shrines, known as Chinju-no-mori, sacred groves. These fragments of forest were composed of trees such as Japanese blue oak (Quercus glauca), Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata) and Sakaki (Cleyera japonica), rather than the coniferous trees such as larch (Larix kaempferi) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), which had been introduced from other areas and dominated local forests. There was also a distinct layering in the forest structure, with slow-growing canopy species, tree layer species, smaller sub-tree layer species, shrubs and ground covering herbs.When Miyawaki combined these concepts, he developed a new way of planting forests. This was based on the native vegetation that he postulated should be growing in that area, as deduced from PNV studies, and his understanding of how these species would interact and grow to produce a dynamic forest ecosystem. His early field trials showed great promise that this method could dramatically accelerate forest growth and result in a stable and diverse forest ecosystem. Since then Miyawaki forests have been successfully planted on more than 3000 sites globally.How to plant forest using the Miyawaki MethodSurvey local forest fragments and identify PNV tree species that are best suited to the conditions Determine the forest community structure – identify the main canopy and tree layer species and select companion species based on their compatibility with the key species. This is assessed by looking at local indigenous vegetation and analysis of forest structures elsewhere in the worldConduct a soil survey to help decide on the type of mulch and soil nutrients requiredCollect seeds from local trees to grow seedlings or obtain seedlings of local variants of tree species. There are specific recommendations for how to raise the seedlings including growing them under shaded coversApply a mulch made from local materials to protect and nourish the seedlings – this simulates the protection offered by humus / leaf litter in a natural forestTreat the soil and the seedlings with soil improvers or a mycorrhizal improverPlant the seedlings randomly and at high density, 20,000 to 30,000 per hectare instead of 1,000 per hectare, with stakes for supportWater regularly and keep the site weed free for the first 2 yearsAfforestt St Gobain project after planting and 5 months later. Photo credit: AfforesttWhat are the benefits? Trees in a Miyawaki forest grow up to ten times faster at around a metre per year, reaching a stable multi-layered forest community in 20 to 30 years instead of hundreds of yearsThe growing trees absorb more carbon in a Miyawaki forest than in a plantation or in standard afforestation projects because they grow more quickly and there are thirty times as manyThe Miyawaki method has been successful where other planting projects have failed, such as in arid Mediterranean habitats, due to high survival ratesNative trees thrive in the conditions to which they are adapted and are more resilient to environmental changes Miyawaki forests have been found to have far higher biodiversity than neighbouring woodland, on average 18 times higherApplications of the Miyawaki Method The Miyawaki Method has been used successfully around the world in over 3000 projects and the numbers are now also rising in Europe. The ability to create a dense native forest quickly has made the technique useful for creating urban micro forests, for restoring rainforest and Japanese evergreen broadleaf forests and for planting in arid Mediterranean habitat where other forestry techniques have not been successful. Miyawaki forests have also proven effective when used for a specific purpose, such as providing tsunami protection, stabilising mine dump slopes, as typhoon protection and for carbon sequestration. There has been particular focus on planting Miyawaki forests in urban environments as there are significant benefits to tree planting in towns and cities, and this method maximises the space available. Urban forests reduce local temperatures (-1.3°C in one study), improve air quality by reducing pollutants, sequester carbon, and improve the wellbeing of residents, as well as creating a natural oasis for invertebrates and birds. There remains, however, much scope for research on the Miyawaki method. In particular the carbon sequestration rates could be significantly higher than on forest plantations because of the density both at planting and at the final forest stage.Miyawaki Forest. Photo credit: AfforesttCriticism of technique There has been significant criticism of the concept of Potential Natural Vegetation, although very little of the Miyawaki Method itself. In particular, the idea of using fixed compositions of vegetation has garnered criticism because ecosystems are not static. There is no denying, however, that having a concept of the best adapted vegetation to a particular area can help afforestation projects to create forests that benefit native wildlife. Many research studies still use PNV as a tool to identify potential species that would be expected to occur in an area, whilst also acknowledging its limitations.The Miyawaki method itself has been criticised for creating forests that look monotonous because the trees are all the same age. However, the diversity inherent in the planting and the biodiversity recorded at the sites demonstrate that a functioning ecosystem has been created, and that the appearance of the forests is more of an aesthetic issue. It is a more expensive method of planting because it requires more seedlings to cover a certain area, but the rapidity of the forest growth and the minimal maintenance required recompense some of that expenditure. The Miyawaki Method is an effective way of jump starting the creation of a forest or woodland, with considerable benefits for carbon capture and recreating biodiversity. At Creating Tomorrow’s Forests we employ the Miyawaki Method alongside restoration of other habitats such as ponds and meadows, to create diverse, rich forest ecosystems for people and wildlife.

This vegan/dairy-free Roasted Red Pepper Cashew Cream Pasta is super quick and easy to make, nutrient-dense, and deliciously creamy!

Scarpaccia (bad shoe in Italian) is a zucchini tart from Tuscany. It's a favourite food during carnival celebrations.

Edibles like fruit and nut trees, herbs, and perennial vegetables take a lot of work to get started. However, unlike an annual vegetable garden that will require daily tending, setting up perennial edible landscaping only need occasional maintenance once established. Here are tips to get you started!

Gyors és üdítő kánikulai leves eperszezonban, amelyhez még a tűzhelyt sem kell bekapcsolnod..

This hand painted forest cup is decorated with a gold crescent moon on one side with little gold dot stars painted all around the top. This cup was made with porcelain clay, and it is decorated with non-toxic lead-free underglazes, glazed with a food safe non-toxic lead-free clear glaze, and painted with accents of REAL GOLD in the form of gold luster overglaze. Dimensions: roughly 3 1/4” in diameter at the top (the top isn't perfectly round), and approximately 2 3/8" tall. It holds about 7 fluid ounces, maybe more. This cup is: *Handmade by me *Hand painted *Food Safe *NOT Microwave Safe *NOT Dishwasher Safe *Since this cup is decorated with real gold, it is NOT microwave or dishwasher safe. Gently hand wash with soap, and avoid using anything abrasive on the gold areas.

Food forests are all the rage, and they have many homeowners digging up their lawns to plant micro-farms in the back yard. But, what is a food forest, and how ...

Final product wise, this might just have been my FAVORITE project this past school year. I am so unbelievably proud of the work these 5th graders did on these! I found this project here via Pinterest. Thanks a faithful attempt! I Can Statements: I Can talk about stylized art I Can use the Library resource A-Z Animals Encyclopedia to research a food chain that includes 3 or more animals I Can show a food chain mouth-in-mouth using stylized images of plants and animals Day 1: Students came in with this image on the screen... I asked them to figure out what they all had in common, eventually they ended up describing stylized without even knowing it (I love when that happens!) and I revealed the vocabulary of stylized. To better explain I showed them this awesome graphic I put together in lucidpress.... After a bit more discussion we had a "quiz" where I put up an image and they had to guess stylized or realistic. They did perfect. Then I showed them our inspiration image... They just wrapped up a science unit about ecosystems and food chains so it was the perfect project to connect to the classroom. After explaining the I Cans and the how to do the research and navigate the site they were using for research, they grabbed laptops and got to work filling out the packet below. There was quite a bit of sketching involved but it really seemed to help them understand how to break down their animals and plants. Day 2: After I approved their sketches they got to work! They had an option to draw and color with colored pencil or to collage with paper. We took about 4 class periods total on this, 1 for intro and research, and the rest were workdays. Next time I will probably have them writing something to go along with them when they are displayed. I just can't contain how happy these make me!

This 2 Ingredients No Yeast Bread Rolls is going to drive you crazy in love with it! It was made with very few ingredients and yeast is not one of them. This is another one of my I Cannot Believe I…

Get this all time favourite flavour combination in a smoothie form! Top with fresh cherries, chocolate chunks and granola.

This food chain game involves making an animal web using mouth art to represent predators and preys in a simple way. This activity combines art and science to help students better understand the connections between animals. Our printable templates make it easy for you to implement this activity in your classroom. The file contains three food chains Desert: 3 templates Forest: 4 templates The Arctic: 4 templates ⭐️⭐⭐️ Other Food Chain Activities: ⭐️⭐⭐️ Animal Food Chain Activity Web Mouth Craft Project V2 Create your own food chain and web ⭐️⭐⭐️ Follow me to be the first to hear about FREEBIES and Updates ⭐️⭐️ Thank You For Shopping By My Store. Rating After Downloading Is Very Appreciated! ⭐️ Let's connect! Instagram Pinterest If you have any questions, please feel free to email me at [email protected]

Pioneered by a Japanese botanist, compact Miyawaki forests are beginning to replace backyard lawns on tiny plots around Canada

2 amazing days in Freiburg im Breisgau - make the best of traditional food, historical old towns and the nearby Black Forest on your trip

Preface. As some of you might know, I was heavily involved into a very intensive 7 months weekly online PDC in 2017.… by my-permaculture

Ein herzhaftes, traditionelles deutsches Schwarzbrot, perfekt für vegane Ernährung. Dieses Brot besticht durch seine dunkle Kruste und seine feste, saftige Krume. Ideal als Beilage zu Suppen, Salaten oder als Grundlage für belegte Brote.

2 amazing days in Freiburg im Breisgau - make the best of traditional food, historical old towns and the nearby Black Forest on your trip

FREE sorting activity for preschool and kindergarten to learn about the five main food groups. Teach kids about healthy eating and balanced meals. Includes both color and black and white versions and 20 images of food to sort in the correct group.

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This detailed Kyoto 2 day itinerary will guide you through the city's famous sites, lantern-lit alleys, and cultural hotspots as efficiently as possible.

The world looks brighter with Alohavision! A kaleidescope pretend-play camera in retro hues for children ages 2+. Made with FSC wood from responsibly managed forests Box measures 3" x 3.25" x 2" Designed in Hawaii Valia Honolulu is a boutique with heart. We are located in Chinatown Honolulu in a neighborhood filled with small independently-owned and operated businesses. We love supporting small and local businesses here in Hawaii. We proudly stock a curated assortment of handmade, made in Hawaii and women-owned companies. We believe your purchase should come packaged with a story. That story becomes a beautiful memory over time with fond memories that makes you smile. Keiki Kaukau (kay-kee cow-cow) means "kid food" in local lingo. Created by a Hawai'i mom and school teacher, Keiki Kaukau creates beautiful, quality toys that authentically represent the Aloha State and its unique blend of cultures. Keiki Kaukau pays your Aloha forward by donating 5 meals to the Hawai'i Food Bank for every set purchased.

Recipe video above. This is a beefy pasta cooked with Italian seasonings in a creamy tomato sauce. Epitome of homemade comfort food with the convenience of one-pot cooking! Love how the pasta absorbs the flavour of the sauce.For more, see the full One Pot Pasta recipe collection.

Cole came home from daycare one day asking for alphabet soup. When I probed further, he explained it had to be red soup with alphabet noodles, just like he saw one of the other kids eating for lunch. “Oh!” I said as it dawned on me. “Do you mean Alphagetti?’ His eyes lit up. “Yes, that’s it!” ... Read more

Der Klassiker ohne Zucker: Low Carb Schwarzwälder-Kirsch-Torte mit einem himmlischen Tortenboden ohne Zucker.

Here you will find all of my delicious gluten-free dessert recipes in one place. Easy to make gluten-free desserts that are sinfully good!

Visiting the Black Forest is a magical. Things to do in the Black Forest, and places to see in the Black Forest, to plan your itinerary.