According to its announcement, the French Directorate General of Armaments (DGA) has awarded KNDS an order for...
from the publisher: A co-operative game about running your own TV station. We are Producers working together to bring Award Winning programming to the viewing public. We run 7 Studios, featuring everything from Children’s Shows to Current Affairs. We have to deal with the critics, ratings, sponsors and the actions of people behind and in front of the cameras. With skill and luck we will avoid Cancellations and earn Awards. This game has the flavor of casino games such as Blackjack. We try to put together as popular a TV program as we can, i.e., as high scoring a card hand of the best crew, top ratings and committed sponsors to counter the negative hand of mounting drops in ratings, loss of viewers and sponsors as well as some troubles among the station crew. Expect lots of talk and debate. Clever teamwork and risk-taking are also needed or we will lose our shirts as the Cancellations pile up. Be careful, everything can quickly spin out of control. Good luck! Includes: 8 game boards, rules, 6 movers, 7 success markers, 1 program marker, 41 thumbs up and 45 thumbs down cards, rules summary chart. © 2006
Udo und Tim Fotografie pur Galerie
Cosmodôme // Programme d’identité visuelleLe Cosmodôme est une institution muséale scientifique entièrement dédiée à l’éveil et à la stimulation de l’intérêt pour l’astronautique. La nouvelle image polymorphe est un hublot ouvert sur l’espace, une invit…
A chronological online library featuring Roland DGA press releases distributed over the last two years.
The director behind Chicago, Into the Woods and Mary Poppins Returns, knows a thing or two about musicals, thanks to his theatrical training and an ability to inspire by example.
Amber Martinez 2022 DGA Awards
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Création et harmonisation des identités visuelles et de l’habillage de l’ensemble des chaines radio, télévision et Internet des Services français de Radio-Canada
Emma Stone, Mark Ruffalo, Christopher Nolan, Alexander Payne, Cillian Murphy and many more were at the event.
Zooey Deschanel, Rose Byrne, and Eva Longoria also attended the 2024 DGA Awards
Peich typeface is a free hand crafted linocut sans-serif font in honor to Paul Peter Piech the print artist.A free font to download made in Montreal.For all the fonts I downloaded for free on behance, this is my share.Robert Young, DGA
Have seen this 1942 Howard at OSH. Here arriving at Gathering of Classics in Edenvale, Canada. - Photo taken at Edenvale (CNV8) in Ontario, Canada on August 10, 2013.
This is part two of a three-part blog series on building a DGA classifier and it is split into the three phases of building a classifier: 1) Data preperation 2) Feature engineering and 3) Model selection. Back in part 1, we prepared the data and we are starting with a nice clean list of domains labeled as either legitamate (“legit”) or generated by an algorithm (“dga”). library(dga) data(sampledga) In any machine learning approach, you will want to construct a set of “features” that help describe each class or outcome you are attempting to predict. Now the challenge with selecting features is that different models have different assumptions and restrictions on the type of data fed into them. For example, a linear regression model is very picky about correlated features while a random forest model will handle those without much of a hiccup. But that’s something we’ll have to face in when we are selecting a model. For now, we will want to gather up all the features we can think of (and have time for) and then we can sort them out in the final model. In our case, all we have to go off of is a domain name: a string of letters, numbers and maybe a dash. We have to think of what makes the domains generated by an algorithm that much different from a normal domain. For example, in the Click Security example they calculate the following features for each domain: Length in characters Entropy (range of characters) n-grams (3,4,5) and the “distance” from the n-grams of known legit domains n-grams (3,4,5) and the “distance” from the n-grams of dictionary words difference between the two distance calculations There is an almost endless list of other features you could come up with beyond those: ratio of numbers to (length/vowels|consonants/non-numbers) ratio of vowels to (length/numbers/etc) proportion matching dictionary words largest dictionary word match all the combinations of n-grams (mentioned above) Markov chain of probable combinations of characters Simplicity is the name of the game I know it may seem a bit counter-intuitive, but simplicity is the name of the game when doing feature selection. At first thought, you may think you should try every feature (and combinations of features) so you can build the very best model you can, but there are many reasons to not do that. First, no model or algorithm is going to be perfect and the more robust solutions will employ a variety of solutions (not just a single algorithm). So striving for perfection has diminishing returns. Second, adding too many features may cause you to overfit to your training data. That means you culd build a model that appears to be very accurate in your tests, but stinks with any new data (or new domain generating algorithms in our case). Finally, every feature will take some level of time and effort to generate and process, and these add up quickly. The end result is that you should have just enough features to be helpful, and no more than that. The Click Security example, in my opinion, does an excellent job at this balance with just a handful of features. Also, there isn’t any exact science to selecting features, so get that notion that science is structured, clean and orderly right out of your head. Feature seelction will, at least at this state, rely heavily on domain expertise. As we get to the model selection, we will be weeding out variables that don’t help, are too slow or contradict the model we are testing. For now, think of what makes a domain name usable. For example, when people create a domain name the focus on readability so they may include one set of digits together “host55” and rarely would they do “h5os5t”, so perhaps looking at number usage could be good. Or you could assume that randomly selecting from 26 charcters and 10 numbers will create some very strange combinations of characters not typically found in a language. Therefor, in legitimate domains, you expect to see more combinations like “est” and less “0zq”. The task when doing feature selection is to find attributes that indicate the difference. Just as in real life, if you want to classify a car from a motorcycle a good feature may be number of tires on the road, you want to find attributes to measure that seperate legitimate domains from those generated by an algorithm. N-Grams I hinted at n-grams in the previous paragraph and they may be a little difficult to grasp if you’ve never thought about it. But they are built on the premise that there are frequent character patterns in natural language. Anyone who’s watched “Wheel of Fortune” knows that consonants like r, s, t, n and l appear a lot more often than m, w, and q and nobody guesses “q” as their first choice letter. One of the features you could include is a simple count of the characters like that (could be called a “1-gram”, “n-gram of 1”, “unigram” or simply “charater frequency” since it’s single charaters). Randomly generated domains would have a much different distribution of characters than those generated based on natural language. That difference should help an algorithm correctly classify between the two. But you can get fancier than that and look at the frequency of the combination of characters, the “n” in “n-grams” represents a variable length. You could look for the combination of 3-characters, so let’s take a look at how that looks with the stringdist package and the qgrams() function. library(stringdist) qgrams("facebook", q=3) ## fac ook ace ceb ebo boo ## V1 1 1 1 1 1 1 qgrams("sandbandcandy", q=3) ## san and ndb ndc ndy dba dca ban can ## V1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 qgrams("kykwdvibps", q=3) ## kyk ykw wdv vib kwd dvi ibp bps ## V1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 See how the function pulls out groups of 3 characters that appear contiguously? Also, look at the difference in the collection of trigrams from the first two, they don’t look too weird, but the output from kykwdvibps probably doesn’t match your expectation of character combinations you are used to in the english langauge. That is what we want to capitalize on. All we have to do is teach the algorithm everything about the english language, easy right? Actually, we just have to teach it what should be “expected” as far as character combinations, and we can do that by figuring out what n-grams appear in legitimate domains and then calculate the difference. # pull domains where class is "legit" legitgram3
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