At St. Petersburg Endodontics, we understand the importance of timely root canal treatment and are available to provide emergency care services for patients.
After seven years of pain, hygienist Carol Coady found relief by re-educating herself through neuromuscular and postural habit retraining. Her experiences prompted her to develop...
Myth 1: Candies/ Sugar is the biggest reason to cause Cavities: Sugar or sugary products are the main and important reason or play a role in tooth decay. We all know that sugar/ candies help to the formation of cavities. It's not that simply eating chocolate cause cavity. The chocolate which contains high sugar creates a major problem to your teeth while consuming high sugary products. Bacterias also eat sugar, if any sticky or sugary product you take be aware to wash your mouth properly otherwise the bacteria attract to teeth. So after having your meal brush your mouth to reduce the plaque buildup. Brush your teeth twice a day. Myth 2: Consuming more Acidic food can damage your teeth: Do you know acidic food creates sensitivity and decay to your teeth? Food like orange and lemons contains acid but consuming those foods won't's destroy your teeth. So don't worry you can have those foods. But you need to drink a lot of water when you have your acidic foods, as water will wash away the acid from our water/teeth. Also, clean your teeth twice a year and have your dental checkups. Myth 3: Don't need to Brush Baby Teeth: It is wrong that we don't brush the baby teeth. We all know that the baby teeth have a short life span then adult teeth. But you should create the habit of brushing your baby tooth as soon as it starts coming to the kid. Brushing your teeth is a good habit. If you start brushing your teeth as soon as your baby starts building up the teeth it will be good and the baby will start getting the habit to keep the mouth and teeth clean. If a baby tooth is not brushed or cleaned the there will be a complication, dental health issues (tooth decay, cavity, gum problem, dental pain) that kid will suffer for a lifetime. Myth 4: Charcoal Toothpaste is good for Teeth: Charcoal is used for removing the bacteria and helps to whiten. This charcoal toothpaste is also marketed and very well known for whitening. It is also used for protection for teeth. Charcoal works as a protective agent which will keep your teeth healthy and strong. So it will be good if you want to make your teeth white and clean you can use charcoal toothpaste. Myth 5: Chewing Gum Works Like Brushing: Chewing gum is not a replacement for brushing your teeth. Some chewing gums can promote cleaner teeth and better breath, and some dentists even recommend the sugar-free varieties to chew on instead of candy. However, while some chewing gums serve as aids to oral health, they still don’t reach the level of being able to replace brushing your teeth. Myth 6: Brush your teeth with soft bristle toothbrush: Brush your teeth with a soft-bristle toothbrush. Brush your teeth daily twice a day with a soft-bristle toothbrush. As soft bristle toothbrush helps to protect your teeth. Also, it makes you comfortable to use it. It will never hurt your teeth or gums while brushing. While Hard bristle toothbrush will hurt you and your teeth which will lead to other dental problems. Even with soft bristle toothbrush you can brush or clean your teeth harder so that your mouth, teeth remains healthy. Schedule your appointment with Greenbelt Oral & Facial Surgery. Call us at 301-982-4555 or Book online or visit our office at 7525 Greenway Center Drive, Suite 109, Greenbelt MD 20770
Babies to Bookworms offers a variety of dental health activities for kids, as well as a review of the Brushies book, perfect for teaching kids to brush!
COMMUNITY HELPERS - DENTISTS and DENTAL HEALTH MONTH This book, What Does a Dentist Do?, is part of my book series about community helpers and includes two differentiated texts for K-1 students. The text introduces the role dentists play in our communities. Directions are included for simple printing and assembly. No cutting is required. Simply stack, fold, and staple. ⭐️ THE RESOURCE FEATURES: two options to accommodate for children of varying reading levels key words that have been bolded and underlined coordinating labels with arrows as a nonfiction text feature simple black-and-white illustrations to support comprehension an interactive writing prompt on the back cover to facilitate critical thinking Click the PREVIEW above to see full samples of the different versions. ⭐️ RELATED RESOURCES: DENTAL HEALTH MONTH - TERRIFIC TEETH BOOK HOW TO BRUSH YOUR TEETH - PROCEDURAL WRITING TEMPLATE ❤️ After purchasing, REMEMBER TO LEAVE FEEDBACK. Each review leads to TPT CREDIT you can use for future purchases! ⭐️ SAVE ON THE BUNDLE: BUNDLE - COMMUNITY HELPERS TEXT SET Thank you for your interest in this item. Happy teaching! Come CONNECT with Me! BLOG: Andrea Knight - Teacher Author PINTEREST: Andrea Knight on Pinterest FACEBOOK: Andrea Knight - Teacher Author on Facebook INSTAGRAM: Andrea Knight - Teacher Author on Instagram Copyright © Andrea Knight All rights reserved by the author. Permission to copy for single classroom use only.
Below are two different kinds of counting mats that can both be used for tooth-related activities. They are great for building-up Math skills while having fun learning all about dental health!Toot
Teeth grinding! Have you been seeing more of it in your practice these days? It's no secret why this is happening more now than ever before. Stress! Here's how one dentist's practice...
The page you requested has been Deleted Please try the following: Collapse All | Expand All Home About Us Why Natural and Holistic Dentistry? Meet Our Holistic Dentists Meet Dr. Beata A. Carlson Meet Dr. Michael Thomas Meet Dr. Lewis Luo Career Opportunities Stories Services Holistic Dentistry Removing Mercury Amalgam Fillings Safely Biomimetic Dentistry: The Newest Technology Added to Our Practice PRF for Tooth Extraction Ozone and Dentistry Holistic Dental Cleanings Dental Spa Services Neuromuscular dentistry IV Services Metal-Free Dentistry Crowns and Bridges Dental Veneers Dental Implants Restoration Dentures Cosmetic Dentistry Facial Aesthetics Invisalign® Smile Makeovers Trial Smile Whitening and … Continue reading "Page Deleted"
Find out with Dr Syra Hanif what is bruxism, what are symptoms, bruxism causes, and how botox for bruxism is effective to this condition in 2024.
Oral Manifestations Related to Endocrine System The gingivae and tongue frequently exhibit changes during times of hormonal fluctuations. Marginal gingivitis characterized by hyperemia producing a deep raspberry color of the gum margin, associated with hyperplasia in the interdental papillae, is not uncommon during menstruation. Poor oral hygiene resulting in increased debris is often a contributing cause. In pregnancy, a chronic marginal gingivitis is fairly common, beginning in the second month and often continuing after delivery. Symptoms range from slight hyperplasia and bleeding to mulberry-like swellings or fungoid proliferations, frequently called the pregnancy tumor. Fibrous epulides occurring prior to pregnancy are markedly stimulated in growth. Clinically, the gum shows proliferation of a granulation type of tissue, which appears edematous and turgid. Histologically, there is hydropic degeneration of the epithelium, loss of keratin, and proliferation of rete pegs, with infiltration and fibrinous exudate in the corium. Menopause is often accompanied by alterations in taste and burning, dryness, and soreness of the oral mucosa, especially of the tongue. Objective signs include papillary flattening, fusion, and glazing, similar to vitamin B deficiency states, occasionally resembling the acute redness and pebbly appearance of the mild pellagrous tongue. A special form of desquamative gingivitis is sometimes associated with menopause, causing recurrent denudation of the gingivae or buccal mucosa, which may be painful. Increased pigmentation of the skin and mucosal membranes is an early sign of Addison disease. This pigmentation is caused by a deposition of melanin; it appears only in chronic primary deficiency of the adrenal cortex and is not a result of insufficiency from pituitary dysfunction. In the oral cavity, melanin may be deposited in the mucosa of the lips, cheek, and tongue and along the gingivae. The color of the pigmentation varies from a pale brown to a dark blue, depending on the severity of the disease. Though produced by other mechanisms, increased deposits of dark pigments along the oral mucosa occur in other conditions, such as hemochromatosis, malaria, liver cirrhosis, alkaptonuria, and argyrosis. Diabetes mellitus, in a controlled state, seldom pro- duces characteristic lesions of the mouth. Mucosal findings in poorly controlled diabetes may present as deeply reddened and dry, with an abundance of calcareous deposits and soft detritus around the teeth. Pronounced gingival recession, periodontal bone loss, ulceration, and loosening of teeth are other associated phenomena. Acromegaly is caused by an excess of growth hormone secretion, resulting in coarsening facial features and soft tissue swelling of the hands and feet. Prognathism, or protrusion of the jaw, is a consequence of overgrowth of the mandible. Additionally, oral features seen in acromegaly include macroglossia, malocclusion of the teeth, and widening of the dentition. Multiple oral findings are seen in children with hypothyroidism, including macroglossia caused by an edematous infiltrate, edematous lips, and malocclusion. The deciduous teeth are retained beyond the normal shedding time, resulting in a delay in tooth eruption. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is a term encompassing several distinct syndromes each of which involves endocrine gland tumors. Mucosal neuromas are a part of MENIIB (sometimes referred to as MEN 3), which also includes medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and a marfanoid body habitus. The mucosal neuromas are multiple asymptomatic, soft painless papules or nodules that are most often present on the lips and tongue but can also be found on the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and palate. The lesions consist of hyperplastic bundles of nerves surrounded by thick- ened perineurium situated within a normal submucosal connective tissue stroma.
Tijdens deze opdracht krijgen de leerlingen de taak om in groepjes van twee zelf een stuk van de informaticales te geven. Ze kunnen daarbij kiezen om iets over Excel of over Word te …
You’ve finally decided to achieve the smile you’ve always wanted, But who do you trust to execute the procedure and deliver the perfect result? We can assist you in knowing the difference between an orthodontist and a dentist so that you can make the best choices to protect your smile. If you’re thinking, “What is […]
Rhinoplasty Archives-Photo Gallery of Rhinoplasty cases performed by Dr. John Bitner in Layton, Utah.
Researchers have made first reconstruction of the skeletal anatomy of Denisovans and showed for the first time our ancient relatives looked a bit like us, but had wider skulls.
Dentophobia or fear of dentists, also known as dental anxiety, is an intense fear or anxiety related to visiting dentists and receiving dental care. It can cause individuals to avoid dental appointments, leading to potential oral health issues if left unaddressed. What is Dentophobia Dentophobia is the fear or phobia of dentists or dental procedures. It involves intense fear or panic in the presence of dentists. Individuals with Dentophobia may experience anxiety or distress when encountering or thinking about dental care. They may avoid dental appointments or dental settings due to their fear. The fear of pain or anticipation of pain during dental procedures is a common aspect of Dentophobia. Dentophobia can cause physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, or trembling. It can significantly impact a person's oral health and overall well-being if not addressed. Dentophobia Definition "Dentophobia is a specific phobia characterized by an intense and irrational phobia or fear of dentists." Dentophobia Symptoms Emotionally and physically, the response to Dentophobia is similar to that of any other phobia, with common symptoms including: Physical Symptoms Psychological Symptoms Rapid heartbeat Intense fear or panic in the presence of dentists. Shortness of breath Anxiety or distress when encountering or thinking about dentists. Sweating Avoidance of situations where dentists may be present. Trembling or shaking Irrational thoughts or beliefs about the dangers or harm caused by dentists. Nausea or stomach discomfort The feeling of loss of control in the presence of dentists. Dizziness or lightheadedness Overwhelming fear response when facing dentists. Chest tightness or pain Hypervigilance to dentistry-related cues. Dry mouth Persistent fear of dentists impacting daily life and well-being. Here are the overall Dentophobia symptoms. Intense fear or panic in the presence of dentists. Anxiety or distress when encountering or thinking about dentists. Avoidance of situations where dentists may be present. Irrational thoughts or beliefs about the dangers or harm caused by dentists. The feeling of loss of control in the presence of dentists. Overwhelming fear response when facing dentists. Hypervigilance to dentistry-related cues. Persistent fear of dentists impacting daily life and well-being. Common Dentophobia symptoms include intense fear of dentists. What Causes Dentophobia Here are some of the main causes of Dentophobia. Negative experiences or traumatic events related to dental care. Fear of pain or anticipation of pain during dental procedures. Fear of needles, drills, or other dental instruments. Sensitivity to dental sounds, smells, or sensations. Embarrassment or self-consciousness about the appearance of teeth or mouth. Learned behavior from observing others' negative experiences or reactions to dental care. Underlying anxiety or specific phobias related to medical or dental settings. Cultural or societal influences shape beliefs and attitudes toward dental care. Causes of Dentophobia can be attributed to traumatic past experiences, anxiety issues, family history and phobia disorders in past history. Dentophobia Complications Dentophobia complications can involve the development of other phobias and anxiety disorders, leading to a significant impact on daily life and well-being. Complication Percentage Anxiety disorders 40% Avoidance behaviour 35% Impact on daily life 30% Social impact 25% Impaired relationships 20% Breakdown of Complications: Anxiety disorders (40%): Dentophobia can lead to the development of anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder or specific phobias. Individuals may experience excessive fear, worry, and distress related to dentists, impacting their mental well-being. Avoidance behaviour (35%): People with Dentophobia may engage in avoidance behaviours to prevent dental visits or any contact with dentists. This can lead to limitations in their dental care, potentially resulting in dental health issues and overall avoidance of necessary treatments. Impact on daily life (30%): Dentophobia can have a significant impact on daily life, affecting routines and activities. Individuals may avoid dental check-ups, leading to neglected oral health and potential complications in the long run. Social impact (25%): Dentophobia can cause discomfort or anxiety in social situations involving discussions about dentists or dental care. It may lead to avoidance of conversations or events related to dentistry, potentially impacting social interactions and relationships with others. Impaired relationships (20%): Dentophobia can strain relationships, particularly those involving individuals who encourage or insist on dental care. It may lead to difficulties in understanding and accommodating the fear, potentially affecting friendships, romantic relationships, or family dynamics. Please note that the percentages mentioned represent approximate resemblances between Dentophobia and the listed complications, and individual experiences may vary. Similar to Other Phobias Like Dentophobia Here is a detailed breakdown of similar other phobias like Dentophobia. Phobia Similarity Description Trypanophobia 60% Fear of Needles or injections. Hemophobia 50% Fear of blood. Belonephobia 45% Fear of needles or sharp objects. Tomophobia 35% Fear of medical procedures or surgery. Algophobia 30% Fear of pain. Nosocomephobia 25% Fear of hospitals. Please note that the percentages provided represent approximate resemblances between Dentophobia and the mentioned phobias, and individual experiences may vary. Dentophobia Diagnosis Here are some of the Dentophobia diagnoses that can be used for your health. Clinical interview: A mental health professional conducts a comprehensive interview to assess the presence and severity of the fear of dentists. Symptom evaluation: The individual's symptoms and behaviors associated with the fear of dentists are examined to determine the diagnostic criteria. Observation and assessment: The professional may observe the individual's reactions and responses in the presence of dentists to assess their fear response. Differential diagnosis: Other potential causes or co-occurring conditions are ruled out through a process of differential diagnosis. Duration and impact: The duration and persistence of the fear, as well as its impact on daily functioning and quality of life, are considered for a proper diagnosis. Collaboration with professionals: Mental health professionals may collaborate with dentists or other healthcare providers to gather additional information and insights. Personal and family history: Information about the individual's personal and family history related to anxiety or phobias is gathered to assess potential underlying factors Please note that a formal diagnosis should be made by a qualified healthcare professional based on a comprehensive evaluation of symptoms and their impact on an individual's life. Dentophobia Treatment Dentophobia treatment involves various therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing the fear of dentists. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Work with a therapist specializing in phobias or anxiety disorders to identify and challenge negative thought patterns and beliefs about dentists. Gradual Exposure Therapy: Gradually expose yourself to dental settings and procedures, starting with less anxiety-inducing situations and gradually progressing to more challenging ones. Relaxation Techniques: Learn and practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or guided imagery to reduce anxiety during dental visits. Communication and Education: Communicate openly with your dentist about your fears and concerns. Ask them to explain procedures and provide reassurance to help alleviate anxiety. Sedation Options: In more severe cases of dentophobia, your dentist may discuss sedation options to help you feel more comfortable during dental procedures. Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed by a healthcare professional to manage anxiety related to dental visits. This option should be discussed with a doctor or psychiatrist. Support System: Seek support from friends, family, or support groups for individuals with dental phobia. Sharing experiences and receiving encouragement can be helpful in managing fear. It is crucial to consult a qualified mental health professional to assess the severity of Dentophobia and create an individualized treatment plan. 5 Best Dentophobia Therapy Guides Here's a brief guide to the 5 best therapies used in the treatment of Dentophobia to overcome the fear of dentists. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Identify and challenge irrational thoughts and beliefs related to dentistry. Learn relaxation techniques to manage anxiety and promote a sense of calm. Gradually expose yourself to dental-related stimuli in a controlled and systematic way. Develop coping strategies to reframe thoughts, reduce avoidance behaviors, and build resilience. Exposure Therapy: Gradually expose yourself to dental-related stimuli, starting with less anxiety-provoking aspects and progressing to more challenging ones. Practice relaxation techniques during exposure to managing anxiety. Create a fear hierarchy to guide the gradual exposure process. Over time, the goal is to reduce fear and anxiety responses through repeated and controlled exposure. Cognitive Therapy: Identify and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs about dentistry. Replace irrational thoughts with more accurate and balanced ones. Engage in cognitive exercises to reframe fears and develop a healthier perception of dentistry. Use evidence-based reasoning to challenge misconceptions and reduce anxiety. Relaxation Techniques: Practice deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, or other relaxation techniques to manage anxiety related to dentistry. Incorporate regular relaxation practices into your daily routine to promote overall calmness and reduce stress. Supportive Therapy: Seek support from a therapist, counselor, or support group that specializes in anxiety disorders or specific phobias. Share your experiences, fears, and concerns with others who can provide understanding and encouragement. Benefit from guidance, reassurance, and practical advice from professionals or peers who have expertise in treating phobias. Please note that these are simplified explanations, and it's important to consult a qualified mental health professional for a comprehensive understanding of these therapies and their application to Dentophobia. Dentophobia Life Style Changes Making lifestyle changes can be beneficial in managing Dentophobia, helping individuals to cope better with their fear. Seek professional help from a therapist specializing in anxiety disorders. Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing and meditation. Communicate openly with your dentist about your fears and concerns. Gradually expose yourself to dental settings without undergoing procedures. Educate yourself about dental procedures to dispel misconceptions. Build a support system of friends or family for encouragement and accompaniment. Use distraction techniques during dental procedures, such as listening to music or watching videos. It's important to note that while lifestyle changes can be helpful, they should be implemented in conjunction with appropriate therapy and guidance from a mental health professional to ensure a comprehensive approach to managing Dentophobia Dentophobia Diet and Healthy Foods Here's an example plan for Dentophobia healthy diet according to dietitians: Food Group Benefits for Dentophobia Fruits and vegetables Natural tooth cleansing and massage. Dairy products Calcium for strong teeth and gums. Lean protein Essential for tissue repair. Green tea Natural anti-inflammatory properties. Water Hydration and saliva production. Nuts and seeds Source of healthy fats and minerals. Sugar-free gum Stimulates saliva flow, and freshens breath. Please note that while a healthy diet can support overall well-being, it is not a standalone treatment for phobias. It is important to seek professional help and follow appropriate therapy for overcoming Dentophobia. 5 Best Daily Routine Habits For Overcoming Dentophobia Here are 5 daily routine habits to help overcome Dentophobia. Educate yourself about dentistry: Time: 15-30 minutes Read, watch videos, or research to understand dental procedures and dispel misconceptions. Gradual exposure to dental settings: Time: Varies based on the comfort level Visit a dental office without treatment scheduled, gradually increasing exposure and proximity. Practice relaxation techniques: Time: 10-15 minutes Engage in deep breathing exercises or guided imagery to manage anxiety related to dental visits. Seek support and professional help: Time: Varies based on availability Share fears with a trusted person and consider seeking therapy from a professional experienced in treating dental phobias. Reward and positive reinforcement: Time: Varies based on opportunities Set goals, reward yourself for each step taken to overcome Dentophobia, and celebrate the progress made. Please note that the suggested times are flexible and can be adjusted to fit your schedule. Consistency and persistence in incorporating these habits can contribute to the process of overcoming Dentophobia. Dentophobia Consultant, Specialist Doctor, or Therapist Here are Dentophobia consultants, Specialist Doctors, or Therapists who can help you to overcome your fear of dentists. Profession Reason Psychologist Specializes in treating phobias and anxiety. CB therapist Uses therapy techniques to address fear and anxiety. Hypnotherapist Utilizes hypnosis to alleviate phobia-related distress. Anxiety specialist Experienced in managing anxiety disorders. Sedation dentist Offers sedation options for anxious patients. Dental fear management specialist Focuses on helping patients overcome dental phobia. Psychotherapist Provides talk therapy to address underlying fears. When seeking help for Dentophobia, it is recommended to consult with a Psychologist who specializes in anxiety disorders. Their expertise can provide effective treatment and support in overcoming Dentophobia or overcoming fear. 7 Interesting Facts about Dentophobia Here are 7 Interesting Facts About Dentophobia. Dentophobia is the fear of dentists or dental procedures, affecting approximately 15% of the population. Dentophobia is more prevalent in women than in men. Traumatic dental experiences or fear of pain are common triggers for dentophobia. Individuals with dentophobia may experience heightened anxiety, panic attacks, or even dental avoidance. Cognitive-behavioural therapy has shown a success rate of 75-90% in treating dentophobia. Dentophobia can lead to poor oral health and delayed dental care. The prevalence of dentophobia tends to decrease with age, as individuals develop coping mechanisms or receive effective treatment. 5 Common Myths vs Facts About Dentophobia Here are 5 common Myths vs Facts About Dentophobia. Myth Fact Dentophobia is common. Dentophobia varies in prevalence. All dental visits are terrifying. Fear levels can vary among individuals. Dentophobia is caused by a bad experience. Multiple factors contribute to Dentophobia. Dentophobia is easily cured. Overcoming Dentophobia may require therapy. Ignoring Dentophobia will make it disappear. Addressing Dentophobia is essential for management. Conclusion Dentophobia is an extreme fear of dentists that lead to significant distress into avoidance behaviors. Treatment options include therapies like CBT and exposure therapy, along with medication in some cases, to help individuals overcome their fear and improve their quality of life. You can check out detailed infomation about 500+ phobia on Drlogy Phobia dedicated page for A-Z information. Reference Dentophobia Dental Fear - Wikipedia [1]. Dentophobia - Phobia Fandom [2].
An expert panel convened by the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs and the Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry conducted a systematic review and formulated clinical recommendations for the urgent management of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with or without symptomatic apical periodontitis, pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis, or pulp necrosis and localized acute apical abscess using antibiotics, either alone or as adjuncts to definitive, conservative dental treatment (DCDT) in immunocompetent adults.
Dreams can be weird, right? Sometimes you might dream about flying, while other times, you find yourself at school in your pajamas. But what about those dreams where you're removing tartar from your teeth? If
DENTAL FORMULA IN MAMMALES Mostly the number of teeth is fixed in each mammalian species. Mammalian heterodont dentition is expressed by a ‘dental formula’. The number and arrangement of teeth in each half of the upper and lower jaws is constant and identical. Hence the teeth can be expressed by using the initials - I, C, Pm and P4. The number of teeth differs in the various orders of mammals and is closely related to their ‘feeding habits. Typical number of teeth in the mammals is 44. This can be observed in Horse and pig and their dental formula is The numerator indicates the number of teeth on one side of upper jaw. The denominator indicates the number of teeth on one side of the lower jaw. As the two halves of each jaw have same number and kind of teeth, the number of teeth on one side alone is usually ex pressed in the formula. The dental formulae of some common mammals are given below
There’s no question that oral bacteria influence the health of teeth and gum tissues. Because teeth have non-shedding surfaces, the ecosystem in the
We have usually have 32 teeth in our mouth and they all are related to major organs in our body.They are connected by what is called meridian energy lines. There are twelve major meridian site whic…
We specialize in cosmetic dentistry issues, from cleaning to whitening, veneers, and Invisalign. Dr. Aller works with you to create a beautiful smile.
As many as 4 in 5 dental patients report having some kind of anxiety relating to seeing their dental team. But how do you identify if there may be something more going on than a simple feeling of unease?
Winning Smiles dentist Blacktown are your trusted dentists that offers dental treatments including dental implants, general, and cosmetic dentistry.
