Mecanismos de transporte 03
Mecanismos de transporte 04
Ciclo celular RESUMEN
Mecanismos de transporte 01
Ciclo Celular - Biología - PDT (ex PSU)
Video Lectures on the Electron Transport Chain for the MCAT Electron Transport Chain The final step of the aerobic respiration process The step in which most of the ATP is produced If you recall from the lesson on anaerobic vs. aerobic respiration, the steps for aerobic respiration are as follows: glycolysis ➙ oxidative decarboxylation ➙ Krebs cycle ➙ electron transport chain The electron transport chain’s (ETC’s) purpose is to create a proton gradient that pumps protons into the ATP synthase in order to produce ATP. Remember that NADH is produced by the Krebs cycle This NADH is what the ETC uses The ETC is essentially a bunch of redox reactions that takes NADH, oxidizes it to NAD+, and reduces O2. NADH is the highest energy component and O2 is the lowest energy component As the electron from NADH is going down a series of proteins to get to O2, energy is released in the process. This released energy forms a proton gradient. The proton gradient causes protons to be pumped into ATP synthase, which produces ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation Occurs in the mitochondria Energy is released by oxidizing nutrients to reform ATP Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation Electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors (oxygen) Substrates and products Overall reaction: 2 H+ + 2 e– + ½ O2 ➙ H2O + energy MH2 + NAD+ ➙ NADH + H+ + M + energy M = any metabolite NAD+ = coenzyme ADP + P + energy ➙ ATP + H2O Hydrogen ions work as a pump and are used by ATP synthetase to produce 1 ATP for every 2 hydrogen ions produced Complexes 1, 3 and 4 produce 2 hydrogen ions each ➙ 3 ATP for every use of the ETC Reference: http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/596electransport.html Return to Oxidative Phosphorylation Next Lesson →
MEMBRANA CELULAR
Respiración celular
GENeTICA MOLECULAR ICiAR
MITOCONDRIAS Y CLOROPLASTOS (Biologia Celular CBC)
Célula Eucarita
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Here are some basic concepts about nucleic acids, the polymers used to code the genetic information of organisms.
Membrana celular
Membrana Celular