Northern Russia, Province of Arkhangelsk These photos were taken in the end of 19th century and now are kept in the collection of the Russian Museum of Ethnography. The women on the photos are wearing traditional costumes of different regions of Russia. And though you can see many regional differences in the outfits there are two similar basic elements - sarafan and kokoshnik. Sarafan is a sleeveless, high-waisted dress either cut on the bias or gored to give fullness at the hem. A chemise is needed to be worn underneath. Sometimes there is an opening down the front, with buttons. The sarafan could be very rich looking, trimmed with lace, ribbon or gold braid, or very homemade looking. Central Russia, Province of Kostroma Over the sarafan a short jacket could be worn, gored and gathered at the back, and also an embroidered apron. Sometimes the sarafan was worn with a belt. A kokoshnik is a headdress worn by married women, though maidens wore a headdress very similar to a kokoshnik, but open in the back, named a "povyazka". The word "kokoshnik" describes a great variety of headdresses worn throughout Russia, including the cylindrical hats , two pointed nimbus "kika", triangular shaped "kika", small pearl hats etc. The kokoshniks could be quite extravagant, even if they were worn by farmer's wives, and were composed of gold brocade, damask, or velvet, with gold embroidery usually of plant and flower motifs. Sometimes they were set with real pearls and precious stones. Central Russia, Province of Moscow Central Russia, Province of Nizhniy Novgorod Northern Russia, Province of Novgorod Central Russia, Province of Vladimir Central Russia, Province of Yaroslavl Northern Russia, Province of Arkhangelsk Northern Russia, Province of Novgorod Northern Russia, Province of Tver Northern Russia, Province of Vologda Southern Russia, Province of Kursk Southern Russia, Province of Penza Southern Russia, Province of Ryazan Southern Russia, Province of Tula Southern Russia, Province of Voronezh Western Russia, Province of Smolensk If you enjoyed this post, please like my page on Facebook. Thank you You may also like Ethnic costumes of Russia in photos Kokoshnik, a symbol of Russia

Northern Russia, Province of Arkhangelsk These photos were taken in the end of 19th century and now are kept in the collection of the Russian Museum of Ethnography. The women on the photos are wearing traditional costumes of different regions of Russia. And though you can see many regional differences in the outfits there are two similar basic elements - sarafan and kokoshnik. Sarafan is a sleeveless, high-waisted dress either cut on the bias or gored to give fullness at the hem. A chemise is needed to be worn underneath. Sometimes there is an opening down the front, with buttons. The sarafan could be very rich looking, trimmed with lace, ribbon or gold braid, or very homemade looking. Central Russia, Province of Kostroma Over the sarafan a short jacket could be worn, gored and gathered at the back, and also an embroidered apron. Sometimes the sarafan was worn with a belt. A kokoshnik is a headdress worn by married women, though maidens wore a headdress very similar to a kokoshnik, but open in the back, named a "povyazka". The word "kokoshnik" describes a great variety of headdresses worn throughout Russia, including the cylindrical hats , two pointed nimbus "kika", triangular shaped "kika", small pearl hats etc. The kokoshniks could be quite extravagant, even if they were worn by farmer's wives, and were composed of gold brocade, damask, or velvet, with gold embroidery usually of plant and flower motifs. Sometimes they were set with real pearls and precious stones. Central Russia, Province of Moscow Central Russia, Province of Nizhniy Novgorod Northern Russia, Province of Novgorod Central Russia, Province of Vladimir Central Russia, Province of Yaroslavl Northern Russia, Province of Arkhangelsk Northern Russia, Province of Novgorod Northern Russia, Province of Tver Northern Russia, Province of Vologda Southern Russia, Province of Kursk Southern Russia, Province of Penza Southern Russia, Province of Ryazan Southern Russia, Province of Tula Southern Russia, Province of Voronezh Western Russia, Province of Smolensk If you enjoyed this post, please like my page on Facebook. Thank you You may also like Ethnic costumes of Russia in photos Kokoshnik, a symbol of Russia

This city of sweat shops, shanty towns and slums is an unrecognizable New York captured as the 19th century wound to a close. Newly arrived immigrants slept 12 to a room, while street children roamed the alleys and tenement blocks of a third world downtown Manhattan.

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This city of sweat shops, shanty towns and slums is an unrecognizable New York captured as the 19th century wound to a close. Newly arrived immigrants slept 12 to a room, while street children roamed the alleys and tenement blocks of a third world downtown Manhattan.

This city of sweat shops, shanty towns and slums is an unrecognizable New York captured as the 19th century wound to a close. Newly arrived immigrants slept 12 to a room, while street children roamed the alleys and tenement blocks of a third world downtown Manhattan.

This city of sweat shops, shanty towns and slums is an unrecognizable New York captured as the 19th century wound to a close. Newly arrived immigrants slept 12 to a room, while street children roamed the alleys and tenement blocks of a third world downtown Manhattan.

This city of sweat shops, shanty towns and slums is an unrecognizable New York captured as the 19th century wound to a close. Newly arrived immigrants slept 12 to a room, while street children roamed the alleys and tenement blocks of a third world downtown Manhattan.

Этот роман начался в 1928 году в Кале. Она была 37-летней женщиной, усталой и опустошенной. Он был... поездом. Ее звали Агата Кристи . У него же было много названий - «Синий поезд», «Восточный экспресс», «Поезд монархов» и «Король поездов». Alexander Pawlowitz, 1947…

Hammer Price with Buyer's Premium: 204,500 GBP 76 by 63.5cm.; 30 by 25in. signed l.r.: J Lavery oil on canvas In 1892, taking his title from Tennyson's 'A Dream of Fair Women', the Glasgow dealer, Thomas Lawrie asked Lavery to stage an exhibition of women's portraits. Having completed Katherine and Esther, the Daughters of Lord McLaren, (Coll. City Art Centre, Edinburgh) for the Royal Academy in that year, Lavery obliged. The title was revived in the early years of the century when under Lavery's management the International Society staged its own themed "Fair Women" exhibitions amidst much speculation about the changes in fashion and physiognomy in modern and old master female portraits. Laurence Binyon, writing in 1908 on the exhibition that matched The Red Book with works by John Everett Millais and George Frederick Watts, mused upon the fact that 'the dead fair women who most bewitched their world and time perplex us often in their portraits' (Laurence Binyon, 'Fair Women and Other Pictures', The Saturday Review, 28 March 1908, p. 399). The beauty of the models of yesteryear had faded before the contemporary ideal - and this was exemplified in Lavery's model, Mary Auras. Lavery met the sixteen-year-old Mary in 1901 at Unter den Linden. At that time he had a number of important German clients and was planning an exhibition at Schulte's Gallery in Berlin the following year. Mary appeared in Lavery's work in 1902 in an important sequence of full-length portraits - Mary with Roses 1902 (Coll. Johannesburg Art Gallery), Mary in a Green Coat, 1903 (Coll. Bradford Art Gallery), Mary in Green, 1903 (Coll. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa) and the exceptional Printemps, 1904 ( Coll. Musée d'Orsay, Paris). When the latter was shown in the Paris Salon, it was regarded as the epitome of Englishness - French critics little realizing in the year of the Entente Cordiale, that the model was German. Arnold Bennett reflected this confusion, and wrote enthusiastically in his journal that while she apparently typified the French fascination for English girls, he had discovered that she was 'the rage of Berlin' and 'had received 5 proposals in three months' (Norman Flower ed., The Journals of Arnold Bennett, Cassell and Co, 1932, pp. 167, 170). Travelling with Mary, Lavery was conscious of issues of propriety, sometimes taking with him a studio assistant named P Burrowes Shiel, or on other occasions enlisting the support of his teenage daughter, Eileen, who became Mary's close friend. In addition to numerous sketches and head studies, Lavery produced a number of half-length profile portraits, of which the present example is the most important. When it appeared in the 'Fair Women' exhibition, The Red Book was praised by The Athenaeum for showing the painter 'to more advantage than has latterly been the case' (Anon, '"Fair Women" at the New Gallery', The Athenaeum, 7 March 1908, p. 296). The Studio critic T Martin Wood considered that while Lavery's canvas was placed among competitors as various as Auguste Renoir and GF Watts in the 'Fair Women' exhibition, it was worth applauding the innocence of Lavery's young woman, 'But is not the destiny of all achievement reached by this incomplete but gracious presentment of girlhood - which in its incompleteness and its singular charm resembles Romney's Parson's Daughter? But The Red Book portrait ... represent[ed] moments of his success in painting women, and gave as distinct a character to the wall on which they hung as did the painting by Augustus John in another room ...(T. Martin Wood, 'The "Fair Women" Exhibition of the International Society', The Studio, vol. 43, 1908, p. 226-8)'. The comparison with The Parson's Daughter (Tate Collection, London) is apposite. These years had seen a great revival of interest in late eighteenth century portraiture as great country house collections began to appear on the market. Confidence was assured by American money and by the business acumen of dealers like Joseph Duveen. However the affection for Reynolds, Gainsborough, Romney and others, dubbed in France, le style anglais, had deeper roots. Lavery was as keen a student of grand manner portraiture as his sitters were, often responding with appropriate painterly flourish to eighteenth century echoes in coiffure, costume and pose. Engrossed in a book, Miss Auras was the perfect model. Here, as in The Green Hammock, (Mannheim) she reveals a crisp profile. Two smaller seated profile studies, neither containing the book, are known. The motif returned to the painter's thoughts in the early 1920s when he produced a langorous portrait of Hazel Lavery holding a red book. And as late as 1936 it remained in his mind when he persuaded his granddaughter Anne Forbes Sempill to pose reading a novel. Elsewhere throughout the oeuvre, in 'portrait-interiors' and garden scenes Lavery's female sitters are sometimes shown engrossed in books, yet only in the present work is the act of reading characterized by concentration of purpose. Freshness, vitality and visual drama made it memorable to those who first encountered it in 1907. Kenneth McConkey